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Korean vocabulary โ€” Qualities & Traits 2

296 words from the "Qualities & Traits 2" theme, with romanization, meaning, and example sentences where available.

์ „๋ž˜๋˜๋‹ค

jeollaedoeda
be passed down
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์„์— ์ „๋ž˜๋˜๋˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•„ ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Jisoo collected the stories that had been passed down in the village and made them into a book.
๋Œ€๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „๋ž˜๋˜์–ด ์˜ค๋˜ ๊ด€์Šต๋“ค์ด ํ˜„๋Œ€์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค.
Many customs that were passed down from generation to generation have disappeared in modern times.
์ „๋ž˜๋œ ๋†€์ด.
A traditional game.

์ „๋ž˜ํ•˜๋‹ค

jeollaehada
be passed down
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘์€ ๋Œ€๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „ํ†ต ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ด๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ์ „๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Our family has been passing down the traditional method of making soybean paste from generation to generation.
์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์š”๋ฒ• ์ค‘์—๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The doctor cautioned that some of the folk remedies being handed down were unproven.
์ „๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜.
A song that is passed down.

์ง๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋˜๋‹ค

jikkkeoraedoeda
be transacted directly
์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์žฅํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ง๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋  ์ฑ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ž์— ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
My father is putting vegetables into boxes that will be sold directly at the market tomorrow.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋†์žฅ์€ ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ง๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.
Our farm plans to sell agricultural products directly to consumers.
์ด ์ƒํ’ˆ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ์ง๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋˜์–ด ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
This product is sold directly on the Internet, so consumers can buy it at a much cheaper price.

๋งค๊ฐ๋˜๋‹ค

maegakttoeda
be sold; be disposed
์ •๋‹น์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์ด ๋งค๊ฐ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ์„ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ž๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
If the party's office is sold, the money will be used as election funds.
๋ถ€์‹ค ์€ํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋ถ„์ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋งค๊ฐ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.
Shares in insolvent banks are scheduled to be publicly sold to domestic and foreign investors.
ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์นœ์กฑ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ฃผ์‹์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
As the company grew in size, shares owned by relatives were sold to a number of dispersed shareholders.

๋งค๋ˆ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค

maekkeungeorida
be slippery; be smooth
๋Œ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งค๋ˆ๊ฑฐ๋ ค ์ผ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ ๊ด‘์„ ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
The stone is so smooth that it looks like it was polished on purpose.
์˜จ์ฒœ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ์š•์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ฌ๋”๋‹ˆ ๋ชธ์ด ๋งค๋ˆ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
After taking a bath in the hot spring, my body feels smooth.
์˜ท์„ ๋งŒ์ ธ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋ถ€๋“ค๋ถ€๋“คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค๋ˆ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋А๋‚Œ์ด ์ฐธ ์ข‹์•˜๋‹ค.
When I touched the clothes, it felt really soft and smooth.

๋งค๋ˆ๋Œ€๋‹ค

maekkeundaeda
be slippery; be smooth
๋ฉด๋„๋ฅผ ๊น”๋”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ„ฑ์ด ๋งค๋ˆ๋Œ€์—ˆ๋‹ค.
His clean-shaven chin was smooth.
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„๋ˆ„ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค๋ˆ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ชฉ์š•ํƒ• ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ์œ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I walked carefully on the bathroom floor, which was smooth from the soap bubbles.
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์นœ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์‚ฌํฌ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๋งค๋ˆ๋Œ€๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I sanded the rough wooden surface until it was soft and smooth.

๋งค๋ฃŒ๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค

maeryodanghada
be charmed; be fascinated; be captivated
๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์„ ๋ฐฐ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋‹นํ•ด ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I was fascinated by the beautiful appearance of my senior and fell in love with her.
๋ฉ‹์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Jisoo was fascinated by cool movie stars and decided to become an actor herself.
์™œ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์— ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
Why did you leave your home country, the United States, and come to Korea?

๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜๋‹ค

maeryodoeda
be charmed; be fascinated; be captivated
์ƒˆ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ํ™๋ณด ์—…๋ฌด์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ ์  ์ผ์— ๋น ์ ธ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Jisoo became fascinated by the newly started public relations work and gradually became immersed in it.
๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž์˜ ์„ธ๋ จ๋œ ๋ง์†œ์”จ์™€ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
There was no one who was not fascinated by the man's refined speaking skills and actions.
์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ชจ์ฐจ๋ฅดํŠธ์˜ ์Œ์•…์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์–ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์Œ์•…๋งŒ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค.
My wife is fascinated by Mozart's music and listens to the same music all day.

๋งค๋งค๋˜๋‹ค

maemaedoeda
be transacted
๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์ด๋‚˜ ๋„์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค๋งค๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
In the store, things like old dishes and pottery were being sold.
์›น ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๋งค๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Personal information is being bought and sold in large quantities on websites, becoming a social problem.
์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ์— ๋งค๋งค๋์–ด์š”?
How much was this building sold for?

๋งค๋ชฐ๋˜๋‹ค

maemoldoeda
be buried
์‚ฐ์‚ฌํƒœ๋กœ ์ธ๊ทผ์˜ ์ง‘๋“ค์ด ํ™๋”๋ฏธ ์†์— ๋งค๋ชฐ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
A landslide occurred, burying nearby houses in a pile of dirt.
๊ตด์ฐฉ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํŒŒ ๋‚ธ ํ™์ด ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ž‘์—… ์ค‘์ด๋˜ ์ธ๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๋งค๋ชฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The soil dug by the excavator suddenly collapsed, burying the workers who were working.
๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํญ์„ค๋กœ ๋“ฑ์‚ฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆˆ ์†์— ๋งค๋ชฐ๋œ ์ฑ„ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Due to a sudden heavy snowfall, hikers are buried in the snow and their fate is unknown.

๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€๋˜๋‹ค

baegadoeda
be doubled
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋ ฅ์€ ํ˜น๋…ํ•œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Our team's offensive power multiplied several times through rigorous training.
์ œํ’ˆ ์ถœ์‹œ ์ „์— ์„ค๋ช…ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์—ด๋ฉด ํ™๋ณด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
I believe that the promotional effect will be doubled if a briefing session is held before the product launch.
๊ฐ๋™์ด ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€๋˜๋‹ค.
The emotion doubles.

๋ฐฐ๊ฒฉ๋˜๋‹ค

baegyeokttoeda
be rejected; be rebuffed
๋ˆ๋งŒ์ด ์ตœ์ƒ์ด๊ณ , ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Money is the best, and aiming only at victory should be completely rejected.
์ผ๋ณธ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์— ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์•ฝ ์ผ ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ •๋„๋งŒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค.
Japanese people do not show much interest in Christianity, which rejects their ideology, and only about 1 percent believe in Christianity.
๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋งŒ๋Šฅ ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฉ๋˜๋‹ค.
Materialism is rejected.

๋ฐฐ๊ณฏ๋‹ค

baegolta
be hungry; starve
์œ ๋ฏผ์ด๋Š” ์†Œ๋…€๊ฐ€์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งˆ๋•…์น˜ ์•Š์•„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฐฐ๊ณฏ๊ณ  ์ง€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
Yumin was the head of the household and did not have enough food to eat, so she was always hungry.
๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฉ๋ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์•„ ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ๊ณฏ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ฑ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
I saved up my pocket money and donated it to help people who lost everything in natural disasters and were starving.
์—ฌ๋ณด, ์ด๊ฑฐ ์–ด๋•Œ? ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์‚ฐ ๋‹น์‹  ์–‘๋ณต์ธ๋ฐ.
Honey, how about this? This is the suit you bought today.

๋ฐฐ๊ธ‰๋˜๋‹ค

baegeupttoeda
be rationed; be distributed
์Œ€, ๊น€์น˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ๊ธ‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Rice, kimchi, etc. were evenly distributed to low-income families.
๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ์‹๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Due to poor economic conditions, most of the food distributed to residents was corn.
๋„์‹œ๋ฝ์ด ๋ฐฐ๊ธ‰๋˜๋‹ค.
Lunch boxes are distributed.

๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋‹ค

baegida
be hard on
์Šน๊ทœ๋Š” ์šด์ „์„ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ํ–ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์•„ํŒ ๋‹ค.
Seung-gyu had been driving for a long time and his back was sore.
๋“ฑ์ด ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋‹ค.
My back is exhausted.
๋ชธ์ด ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋‹ค.
My body is exhausted.

๋ฐฐ๋‹น๋˜๋‹ค

baedangdoeda
be allocated; be allotted
๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋งก๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ๊น€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ๋‹น๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
This case, which everyone was reluctant to take on, was assigned to Prosecutor Kim.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ์‹ค์ ์ด ์ €์กฐํ•ด์„œ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์ด ๋ฐฐ๋‹น๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Our company performed poorly this year, so not much money was distributed to investors.
๋ฐฐ๋‹น๋œ ๊ธˆ์•ก.
Amount distributed.

๋ฐฐ๋ถ€๋˜๋‹ค

baebudoeda
be distributed; be handed out
์‹ ์ž…์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒํšŒ์—์„œ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฒฉ์ด ๋ฐฐ๋ถ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
A notebook produced by the student council was distributed to new students.
๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ€๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์—๋Š” ๋…๊ฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น™์ด ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Materials distributed from the public health center included guidelines for preventing influenza.
๋ฐฐ๋ถ€๋œ ์ฑ…์ž.
Brochure distributed.

๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๋˜๋‹ค

baebundoeda
be allocated; be allotted
๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๋œ ์Œ์‹์€ ๊ฐ์ž ํ•˜๋‚˜์™€ ์ฃผ๋จน๋ฐฅ ํ•œ ๋ฉ์ด๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The only food distributed to the soldiers was one potato and one rice ball.
์•„๋ฒ„๋‹˜์˜ ์œ ์–ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ˜•์ œ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณตํ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์‚ฐ์ด ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
According to my father's will, the inheritance was distributed equally to my brothers.
ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ค„ ๊ธฐ๋…ํ’ˆ์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ˆ?
Are there enough souvenirs to hand out to participants after the meeting?

๋ฐฐ์„ ๋˜๋‹ค

baeseondoeda
be wired
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—๋Š” ์ „์ž์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•„ ์ „์„ ๋“ค์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์„ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
There are a lot of electronic products in our office, so the wires are complicatedly wired.
๋ฐฐ์„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์„ธํŠธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์กฐ๋ช…์„ ์ผค ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
There was no electricity on the unwired set, so the lights could not be turned on.
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ „์›์ด ์•ˆ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋„ค.
I installed the computer myself, but it doesn't turn on.

๋ฐฐ์„ค๋˜๋‹ค

baeseoldoeda
be excreted; be evacuated
๋ณ€๋น„ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์ด ์ž˜ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.
Patients with constipation have symptoms of difficulty excreting stool.
๋†๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋œ ๊ฐ€์ถ•์˜ ๋ถ„๋‡จ๋ฅผ ๋†์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Farmers also use excreted livestock waste as fertilizer for farmland.
์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋•€์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ด์—์š”.
I'm really worried about my palms sweating too much.

๋ฐฐ์†๋˜๋‹ค

baesokttoeda
be placed
์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— ์‹ ์ฒญํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฌผํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ ๋ถ€์„œ์— ๋ฐฐ์†๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The items requested last week were assigned to each department.
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์™„์„ฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฑํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์†๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The most complete products were assigned to department stores.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”?
Didnโ€™t our office ask you to replace the copier?

์ƒˆ์นจํ•˜๋‹ค

saechimhada
be coy
๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฒซ์ธ์ƒ์€ ์ƒˆ์นจํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์› ๋‹ค.
My first impression of that friend was prim, haughty, and cold.
์—ฌ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ž์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—๋„ ์ž˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ƒˆ์นจํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The actress was stoic and did not answer the reporter's questions.
๋„ˆ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ƒˆ์นจํ•ด์„œ ๋ง๋„ ๊ฑธ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด.
It was hard to talk to you at first because you were so shy.

๊ตฌ์• ๋˜๋‹ค

guaedoeda
be hindered; be restricted
๋ณดํ†ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๊ต์–‘ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์€ ํ•™๋…„์— ๊ตฌ์• ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ• ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.
Normally, liberal arts courses at universities can be taken freely, regardless of grade.
์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๊ตฌ์• ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ ์—†์ด ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™”๋กœ ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Nowadays, you can watch television anytime, anywhere on your mobile phone, regardless of time and place.
๋ช…๋ถ„์— ๊ตฌ์• ๋˜๋‹ค.
Be obsessed with a cause.

์• ๋“๋‹ค

aekkeulta
be devastated
๊ทธ์™€์˜ ์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์šด ์ด๋ณ„ ๋’ค ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์• ๋“๊ฒŒ ์šธ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
After her sad breakup with him, she cried bitterly.
๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์• ๋“๋Š” ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊นจ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
She called Jisoo in a mournful voice, but Jisoo did not wake up.
์• ๋“๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •.
A heartrending feeling.

์• ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค

aeyongdoeda
be used regularly; be patronized
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ณจํ”„์ฑ„๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ์• ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
Golf clubs made by our company are especially popular among professional players.
์•ˆ๋งˆ ์˜์ž๋‚˜ ์ธ์‚ผ ์„ธํŠธ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฅด์‹ ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšจ๋„ ์„ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์• ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค.
Massage chairs and ginseng sets are popular products as filial piety gifts for the elderly.
์ด ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„์‹ธ๋„ค์š”.
This phone is too expensive.

๊ฒŒ์žฌ๋˜๋‹ค

gejaedoeda
be published; be run; be printed
์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ์—ด ํŽธ์ด ์ด๋ฒˆ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ•™์ˆ ์ง€์— ๊ฒŒ์žฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Ten excellent papers were published in this issue of the journal.
์œ ๋ช… ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๊ทธ ์žก์ง€์— ๊ณง ๊ฒŒ์žฌ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.
An interview with a famous writer will soon be published in the magazine.
๊ทธ ๋งŒํ™”๊ฐ€์˜ ์ƒˆ ๋งŒํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒŒ์žฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜๋ฐ์š”.
The cartoonist's new cartoon was published in the newspaper.

๊ธฐ์žฌ๋˜๋‹ค

gijaedoeda
be written; be filled in
์ž…์‚ฌ ์ง€์›์„œ์— ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ์ทจ์†Œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
If the information on your job application is different from the facts, your acceptance may be cancelled.
์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Because the address was entered incorrectly, the ordered product was delivered to the wrong location.
๊ธฐ์žฌ๋œ ๊ธˆ์•ก.
Amount stated.

๋‚ด์žฌ๋˜๋‹ค

naejaedoeda
be immanent; inhere
๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ์€ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
The theory has too many inherent contradictions to be accepted.
์‹œํ—˜์€ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์  ์š”์†Œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.
Exams are stressful for many students because of the competitive element inherent in them.
๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ์š”์†Œ.
Inherent elements.

๋‚ด์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค

naejaehada
be immanent; inhere
์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ƒํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์†์— ๋‚ด์žฌํ•œ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
When appreciating a poem, it is helpful to reveal the rich meaning inherent in the words.
์„ฑ์„ ์„ค์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์•…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋”๋ผ๋„ ์„ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋‚ด์žฌํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค.
From the position of the benign theory, it is believed that no matter how evil a person is, there is inherent goodness in them.
๋ณธ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ด์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค.
It is inherent in nature.

๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜๋‹ค

deungjaedoeda
be registered; be entered
๊ฒฝ์ฃผ์˜ ์„๊ตด์•”์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฌธํ™” ์œ ์‚ฐ์— ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Seokguram Grotto in Gyeongju was registered as a World Cultural Heritage.
์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ถ€์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์˜ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
The store's number was not listed in the phone book.
๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜๋‹ค.
The number is registered.

๋ถ€์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค

bujaehada
be absent; be missing
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ธ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ถ€์žฌํ•œ ๊ต์œก ํ˜„์žฅ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Today, educational settings lacking character have become a social problem.
๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ์ž์‹ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์žฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
If there is no communication between parents and children, it is difficult to overcome conflict when it arises.
์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์ผ์€ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ?
Will this continue to happen in the future?

์‚ฐ์žฌ๋˜๋‹ค

sanjaedoeda
be scattered; be dotted; be sparse
์ด ์‚ฐ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ์ข…์˜ ํฌ๊ท€ ๋™์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ฐ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ด๋‹ค.
This mountain is a natural treasure trove with hundreds of rare species of animals and plants.
์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ์— ์‚ฐ์žฌ๋œ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์‚ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์•„ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The government is making efforts to bring back cultural heritage scattered overseas.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ–‰์˜ ์ง€์ ์€ ์ „๊ตญ ๊ฐ์ง€์— ์‚ฐ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋“  ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Woori Bank's branches are scattered throughout the country, so you can use it anywhere.

์‚ฐ์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค

sanjaehada
be scattered; be dotted; be sparse
ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ต๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋„์ฒ˜์— ์‚ฐ์žฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Korean residents live scattered all over the world.
์ด ๋„์‹œ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์œ ์ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์žฌํ•ด ์žˆ์–ด ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ž์ฃผ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค.
This city is dotted with various cultural heritage and historical sites and is often visited by tourists.
๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๋“ค์–ด์„œ ํ•˜๋งˆํ„ฐ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์น  ๋ป”ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
I was trying to cross the street when a car suddenly ran over me and I almost got hurt.

์†Œ์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค

sojaehada
be located
๊ฐ์ง€์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค.
Located in various places.
์ง€๋ฐฉ์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™๋“ค์ด ๋“ฑ๋ก๊ธˆ์„ ์ธํ•˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Universities located in rural areas have reduced tuition fees.
์ด๋ฒˆ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
The apartments supplied by our company this time are located in transportation hubs.

์—ฐ์žฌ๋˜๋‹ค

yeonjaedoeda
be published serially; be serialized
์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ์œ ์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํŠน์ง‘ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ์žฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Special articles on hosting the Olympic Games were serialized in newspapers for a week.
ํ•œ ์œ ๋ช… ์žก์ง€์— ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์—ฐ์žฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋งŒํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‹จํ–‰๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
A cartoon that was popularly serialized in a famous magazine was published as a book.
๋ญ˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด?
What are you reading so intently?

์ž”์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค

janjaehada
be left; exist
์œ ๊ต์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์ด 1910๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ž”์žฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Confucian values โ€‹โ€‹remained in Korean society until 1910.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์  ๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž”์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
There was still a strong remnant of bureaucratic authoritarianism in our society.
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์‹คํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ž”์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ™๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
He sought to eradicate undemocratic elements remaining in our society in order to realize democracy.

์ž ์žฌ๋˜๋‹ค

jamjaedoeda
be latent; be dormant
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ž ์žฌ๋œ ์„ ์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค.
Jisoo is a player with infinite potential.
์œ ๋ฏผ์ด๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž ์žฌ๋œ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Yumin discovered her latent writing ability.
์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์—ฌํ–‰์—์„œ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ž ์žฌ๋œ ์•„๋‚ด์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
During this family trip, the long-latent conflict between wife and mother was revealed.

๊ฑท์–ด์ฑ„๋‹ค

geodeochaeda
be kicked
๋ฏผ์ค€์ด๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋กœ ๊ฑท์–ด์ฑ˜๋‹ค.
Minjun was fighting with his friend and got kicked in the leg by his friend.
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ ์„ ์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฑท์–ด์ฑ„ ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ์ž…์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I suffered an injury during a soccer game when my ankle was kicked by an opposing player.
๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์—๋Š” ์–ด์ฉŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๋ฉ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด?
How did you get such a big bruise on your knee?

์ฑ„๊ตด๋˜๋‹ค

chaeguldoeda
be mined
์ด ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ณด์„์ด ์ฑ„๊ตด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ์‡„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The mine was eventually closed as no more gems were mined.
ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋งค๋…„ ์•ฝ ์ด๋งŒ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„๊ตด๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
According to one survey, about 20,000 kilograms of diamonds are mined every year around the world.
๊ด‘์„์ด ์ฑ„๊ตด๋˜๋‹ค.
Ore is mined.

์ฑ„๋‹ค

chaeda
be kicked
์ง‘ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•œ์ฐธ ์•ˆ ํ–ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๊พธ ๋ฐœ์— ์ฑˆ๋‹ค.
I haven't cleaned my house in a while, and the trash keeps getting kicked up by my feet.
ํ„ฐ๋œํ„ฐ๋œ ๊ฑท๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์ž๊พธ ๋Œ์ด ๋ฐœ์— ์ฑ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋А๊ปด์กŒ๋‹ค.
As I trudged along, I kept feeling stones hitting my feet.
๊นกํ†ต์ด ์ฑ„๋‹ค.
The can is full.

์ฑ„๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค

chaebihada
be prepared; get ready; prepare
๋งˆ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ฃผ์ธ์˜ ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๊ณง ๋งˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„๋น„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The coachman received the owner's order and immediately prepared the carriage.
๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ๋‹จํžˆ ๋ฌด์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฑ„๋น„ํ•œ ๋’ค ์ „์Ÿํ„ฐ์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
The soldiers were well armed and prepared and went to the battlefield.
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ฐœ์›” ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฑ„๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
Jisoo prepared several months ago and went on a leisurely trip abroad.

์ฑ„์ƒ‰๋˜๋‹ค

chaesaekttoeda
be colored
๊ฐ€์„์ด ๋˜์ž ๋…ผ์ด ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์ƒ‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
In fall, the rice fields turned golden.
๋‹ด์žฅ์— ์ฑ„์ƒ‰๋œ ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ—๊ฒจ์ ธ์„œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์น ์„ ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค.
The paint on the wall was peeling, so my father repainted it.
๋ณ‘์› ๋ฒฝ์ด ์˜จํ†ต ํ•˜์–€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์ƒ‰๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
The walls of the hospital are all painted white.

์ฑ„์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค

chaeyongdoeda
be recruited; be hired
๋ฏผ์ค€์ด๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ธํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ •๊ทœ์ง ์‚ฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Minjun worked as an intern at the company and was hired as a full-time employee.
ํ˜•์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์— ์ด๋ ฅ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ฑ„์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์ž‘๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
My older brother submitted his resume to the university and was hired as a lecturer. He has been teaching since last year.
์ด๋ฒˆ์— ์ฑ„์šฉ๋œ ์‹ ์ž… ์‚ฌ์›์€ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The new employees hired this time are scheduled to officially start working in one week.

์ฑ„์ ๋˜๋‹ค

chaejeomdoeda
be graded; be marked
์‹œํ•ฉ์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„ ์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ์ฑ„์ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ํ•ญ์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
After the match ended, the opposing player complained that the score had been scored incorrectly.
์‹œํ—˜์„ ์นœ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚  ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ„์ ๋œ ๋‹ต์•ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ฃผ์…จ๋‹ค.
The day after the test, the teacher handed out graded answer sheets to the students.
์ž๊ธฐ ๋‹ต์•ˆ์ง€์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฑ„์ ๋œ ๊ฑด ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
Please check your answer sheet carefully to see if anything was marked incorrectly.

์ฑ„์ง‘๋˜๋‹ค

chaejipttoeda
be collected
ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„์ง‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Various species of fish were collected from the lake.
๋ฐ• ์”จ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ฑ„์ง‘๋œ ์ˆ˜์„์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Mr. Park proudly showed us the stone he had collected over the years.
๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
I think I've heard that story somewhere.

์ฑ„์ทจ๋˜๋‹ค

chaechwidoeda
be collected; be gathered
์žฅ์‚ฌ๊พผ์ด ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์ทจ๋œ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ํŒ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ™์žกํ˜”๋‹ค.
A merchant was caught by the police while selling plants collected without permission from the mountain.
๋ฏผ์ค€์ด์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์€ ์‹ฑ์‹ฑํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฑ„์ทจ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด๋‹ค.
Minjun's hometown is famous for the sea where a lot of fresh clams are collected.
๊ณจ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„์ทจ๋˜๋‹ค.
Aggregate is collected.

๋„ํƒœ๋˜๋‹ค

dotaedoeda
be eliminated
๊ทธ ์‹ ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ํ•œ์ฐธ ๋’ค๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋„ํƒœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The new product was eliminated from the market due to its far inferior performance.
ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋„ํƒœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ €๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค.
Modern people make every effort to avoid being left out in a competitive society.
์ „๋žต์ด ์—†์ด ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋„์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋„ํƒœ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ง ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
If you take on the challenge blindly without a strategy, you will be left out among your competitors.

๋ฐฐํƒœํ•˜๋‹ค

baetaehada
be pregnant
์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํƒœํ•˜๋‹ค.
give birth to a baby
์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํƒœํ•˜๋‹ค.
conceive a baby
์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํƒœํ•˜๋‹ค.
conceive a child

์ˆ˜ํƒœ๋˜๋‹ค

sutaedoeda
be conceived; be fertilized
์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํƒœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ง์— ๋‚จํŽธ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋‘ฅ์ผœ์•ˆ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ปํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
When the doctor told me that the baby had been conceived, my husband and I hugged each other and were happy.
์ˆ˜ํƒœ๋œ ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๋‚ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ง€์„์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
As we waited for our conceived baby to come into the world, we wondered what name to give him.
์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ, ๋“œ๋””์–ด ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํƒœ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ž„์‹  5์ฃผ ์ฐจ๋ž˜์š”.
Mom, the baby has finally been conceived. I'm 5 weeks pregnant.

์œ„ํƒœ์œ„ํƒœํ•˜๋‹ค

witaewitaehada
very risky; very perilous
์™ธ์ค„์„ ํƒ€๋Š” ๊ด‘๋Œ€๋Š” ๋„˜์–ด์งˆ ๋“ฏ ์œ„ํƒœ์œ„ํƒœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค„ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The clown who walks the rope is walking on the rope precariously, as if he might fall.
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์Ÿ๋ฐ˜ ์œ„์— ์ปคํ”ผ ์„ธ ์ž”์„ ๋ฐ›์ณ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์œ„ํƒœ์œ„ํƒœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ์–ด์˜จ๋‹ค.
Jisoo walks precariously, holding three cups of coffee on a tray.
์ „์Ÿ์„ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ์•ž์˜ ๋“ฑ๋ถˆ๊ฐ™์ด ์œ„ํƒœ์œ„ํƒœํ•˜๋‹ค.
The life of a general leading a war is as precarious as a lamp in the wind.

์ž‰ํƒœ๋˜๋‹ค

ingtaedoeda
be conceived
์–ด๋ฏธ ์–‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋ผ ์–‘์ด ์ž‰ํƒœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
A lamb was conceived by a mother sheep.
์ƒˆ๋Œ์€ ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‰ํƒœ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋ชธ์— ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
When the new wife found out that the baby was conceived, she stopped eating anything that was bad for her body.
์ž‰ํƒœ๋œ ์ƒ๋ช….
Conceived life.

์ž‰ํƒœํ•˜๋‹ค

ingtaehada
be pregnant; conceive
ํ‚ค์šฐ๋˜ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ž‰ํƒœํ•ด์„œ ์ฃผ์ธ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ผ๋‹ค.
The dog was pregnant with a baby, so the owner was very careful.
์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋“ค์„ ์ž‰ํƒœํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋‚จํŽธ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ป ํŽ„์ฉ ๋›ฐ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
When the husband heard that his wife was pregnant with a son, he jumped for joy.
์ž‰ํƒœํ•œ ๋ฉฐ๋А๋ฆฌ.
pregnant daughter-in-law.

๊ณกํ•ด๋˜๋‹ค

gokaedoeda
be misinterpreted
ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชป ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ํ˜„์ƒ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ณกํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Due to a misinterpretation of one piece of data, the entire phenomenon was distorted.
๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž์‚ด๋กœ ๊ณกํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ํ•œ ์ง์›์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํƒ€์‚ด์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค.
The death of an employee, which was misinterpreted as a suicide by executives, was found to be a homicide after investigation.
์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณกํ•ด๋˜๋ฉด ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด์š”.
If this part is distorted like this, the results of the experiment will be reversed.

๋ฐ•ํ•ด๋˜๋‹ค

bakaedoeda
be persecuted; be oppressed
ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์— ๋ถ™์žกํ˜€ ๋ฐ•ํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
People who were preparing for the revolution were captured and persecuted by opposing forces.
๋…๋ฆฝ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žกํ˜€ ๋ชจ์งˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ•ํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Independence activists were captured and brutally persecuted by officials of the ruling country.
์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ข…๊ต๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
This country opposes certain religions.

๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๋‹ค

bunhaedoeda
be disassembled; be dismantled
๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ค„๋„˜๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ด ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜์–ด ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
Aerobic exercise, such as running or jumping rope, breaks down fat and helps with dieting.
์‹œ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋‹จ ๋•… ์†์— ๋ฌปํžˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ผ์„œ ๋•… ์† ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
Once a body is buried in the ground, it is decomposed by microorganisms over time and becomes nutrients in the ground.
์Œ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋ชธ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜์–ด ์˜์–‘์†Œ๋Š” ๋ชธ ์†์— ํก์ˆ˜๋˜๊ณ  ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ ๋ชธ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค.
When food enters the body, it is broken down, nutrients are absorbed into the body, and unnecessary components are expelled from the body.

์‚ดํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค

salhaedanghada
be murdered; be killed
๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ์ง์›์€ ์ด์„ ๋“  ๊ฐ•๋„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นผ์•—๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์‚ดํ•ด๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The store employee was robbed of his money by a gun-wielding robber and killed on the spot.
ํ•œ์ง‘์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๊ดดํ•œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฃฝ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
An incident occurred in which a family living in the same house were all killed by a gunman.
๋„ค, ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์นผ์— ์ฐ”๋ ค ์ž”์ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํ•ด๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Yes, it is said that they were all brutally murdered by stabbing.

์‚ดํ•ด๋˜๋‹ค

salhaedoeda
be murdered; be killed
๊ทธ์˜ ๋™์ƒ์€ ์—ฐ์‡„ ์‚ด์ธ๋ฒ”์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์ฐธํžˆ ์‚ดํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
His younger brother was brutally murdered by a serial killer.
ํ˜ผ์ž ์‚ด๋˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํ•ด๋œ ์ง€ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ๋งŒ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
A man who lived alone was found a month after being murdered by someone in his home.
๊ฐ•๋„์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํ•ด๋˜๋‹ค.
killed by a robber

์†ํ•ด๋‚˜๋‹ค

sonhaenada
be damaged
๊ทธ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•˜๋˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์‹คํŒจํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ์•ก์ด ์†ํ•ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
The business he was doing with a friend failed and he lost a lot of money.
์ด๋ฒˆ ํ™”์žฌ๋กœ ์ฒœ๋งŒ ์›์ด ์†ํ•ด๋‚˜์„œ ๊ณต์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ •์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค.
This fire caused a loss of 10 million won, making the factory's situation difficult.
๋‚ด ๋ง์„ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•ด. ์ •๋ง ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด.
Trust me and invest in this project. You can really succeed.

์‹œํ•ด๋˜๋‹ค

sihaedoeda
be murdered
์ „์Ÿ ์ค‘์— ์™•์ด ์ ์žฅ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
During the war, the king was assassinated by an enemy general.
๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฒฝํ˜ธ ์ธ๋ ฅ๋„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์‹œํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Even a large security force could not prevent the president from being assassinated.
๋‰ด์Šค ๋ดค์–ด? ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œํ•ด๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Œ€.
Did you see the news? There was an incident where a parent was murdered by his son.

์ €ํ•ด๋˜๋‹ค

jeohaedoeda
be disrupted; be hindered; be stunted
์˜์–‘๋ถ„์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์ €ํ•ด๋œ๋‹ค.
If there are not enough nutrients, plant growth is inhibited.
๋ฏผ์ค€์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ €ํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ๋งŒํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.
Minjun was cautioned for engaging in distracting behavior that disrupted the practice atmosphere.
์˜ฌํ•ด์—๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์ค„์ผ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This year, we plan to reduce the amount of investment in new businesses.

๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋˜๋‹ค

geodeupttoeda
be repeated; occur repeatedly
์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋˜๋ฉด ์‹ ์šฉ์„ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If you make repeated mistakes, you may lose your credibility.
๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๋ถˆํ™ฉ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Despite the government's continuous efforts to revive the economy, economic recession continued.
ํ‰๋…„์ด ๋ช‡ ๋…„์งธ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด.
There has been repeated poor harvests for several years.

๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋˜๋‹ค

georondoeda
be mentioned; be brought up
ํฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฐจ๊ธฐ ํšŒ์žฅ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ›„๋ณด๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Several candidates were mentioned for the position of next chairman of a large company.
์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ’์‹ผ ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋Š์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The issue of how much cheap agricultural products to import from foreign countries is still constantly being discussed.
๊น€ ์‚ฌ์žฅ, ์ด๋ฒˆ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋ฒŒ์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ง€?
President Kim, what business did you say you were doing this time?

๊ฑฐ๋ช…๋˜๋‹ค

geomyeongdoeda
be named; be mentioned
๊น€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์ง€์—ญ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์ฐจ๊ธฐ ์œ„์›์žฅ ํ›„๋ณด๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Mr. Kim was named as a candidate for the next chairman of a local civic group.
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ํญ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ ์šฉ์˜์ž๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ช…๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Police are looking for a person named as a prime suspect in a recent violent incident.
๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ ์œ„ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉฐ?
I heard that many high-ranking officials took bribes?

๋„๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋‹ค

neolbeureojida
be scattered
๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚œ ๋’ค ๊ด€์ค‘์„์—๋Š” ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
After the game ended, trash was strewn about in the stands.
์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐฉ์€ ์žก๋™์‚ฌ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์— ๋„๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ฐœ ๋””๋”œ ํ‹ˆ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Jisoo's room had miscellaneous things strewn everywhere and there was no room to move.
๋•…์— ๋„๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋‹ค.
sprawled on the ground

๋“ค๋Ÿฌ๋ถ™๋‹ค

deulleobuttta
be stuck; be attached
์—ฌ๋ฆ„์˜ท์ด ๋น„์— ์ –์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ชธ์— ์ฐฉ ๋“ค๋Ÿฌ๋ถ™์—ˆ๋‹ค.
My summer clothes got wet from the rain and stuck to my body.
์ƒ์„ ์ด ์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค ๋ถ€์„œ์กŒ์–ด?
Why is the fish all broken up like this?
์„์‡ ์— ๋“ค๋Ÿฌ๋ถ™์–ด์„œ ๋ถ€์„œ์กŒ์–ด์š”.
It stuck to the grill and broke.

๋ฐ”์Šค๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋‹ค

baseureojida
be broken to pieces
๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์Šค๋Ÿฌ์ ธ ์‚ฐ์‚ฐ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
The glass that fell to the floor crumbled and shattered.
๋นต์„ ๋ฐ”์‹น ๋ง๋ฆฐ ๋’ค ๊ฐˆ์•„ ๋‚ด์ž ๋นต์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ”์Šค๋Ÿฌ์ ธ ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
After drying the bread and grinding it, the bread crumbled and turned into powder.
๋ฐ”์Šค๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ.
Crumbling sound.

๋ถ€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋‹ค

buseureojida
be smashed; be broken; be crushed
์‚ฌํƒ•์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์ ธ ๋ชป ๋จน๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The candy fell to the floor and broke apart, making it inedible.
์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฐ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ๋ถ€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์ ธ์„œ ์ž‘์€ ์ž๊ฐˆ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The large rock crumbled in the wind and rain and became small pebbles.
๊ณผ์ž ๋ถ€์Šค๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋จน์–ด๋ผ.
Eat clean, without spilling cookie crumbs.

์ˆ˜๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋‹ค

sugeureojida
be bowed
ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ž ๋‚˜ํŒ”๊ฝƒ์ด ํ‘น ์ˆ˜๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ๋‹ค.
As the sun set, the morning glories faded.
๋ฐ• ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜ ์•ž์— ์„œ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ถ„์˜ ์„ฑํ’ˆ์— ์ €์ ˆ๋กœ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง„๋‹ค.
When I stand in front of Professor Park, my head naturally sinks at his personality.
๊ณ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋‹ค.
bow one's head

์š”๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋‹ค

yoreohada
be this way; be like this
๋„ค ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์š”๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋‹ˆ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ž‘ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฒ ๋‹ˆ?
With your personality like this, who would want to be friends with you?
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ง‰ ์ž ์—์„œ ๊นฌ ์š”๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
I didn't want to meet anyone looking like this when I just woke up.
๋‚˜ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ™” ์•ˆ ๋‚ฌ์–ด.
I'm not really angry.

๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง€๋‹ค

beoryeojida
be dumped; be thrown away
์ข…์ด์ปต๊ณผ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๊ฝ์ดˆ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ‘์— ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Paper cups and cigarette butts were left under the bridge.
๊ตฌ์ฒญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง„ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์„œ ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ค€๋‹ค.
The district office repairs abandoned bicycles and distributes them to low-income people for free.
์ด๋ฒˆ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ˆ™์ œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ˆ?
What do you plan to do with this craft homework?

๋ฒ„๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค

beomullida
be mixed
์–‘๋…์ด ๋ฉด์— ๊ณ ๋ฃจ ๋ฒ„๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์Œ์‹์ด ์‹ฑ๊ฑฐ์› ๋‹ค.
The seasoning was not evenly mixed with the noodles, so the food was bland.
์ด ์ƒ๋Ÿฌ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ๋ฒ„๋ฌผ๋ ค ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ง›์ด ๋‚œ๋‹ค.
This salad has a rich taste because the various ingredients mix well.
์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค.
The ingredients are mixed together.

๋ฒŒ์„œ๋‹ค

beolseoda
be punished in a certain place
๋ฏผ์ค€์ด๋Š” ์žฅ๋‚œ์„ ์น˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ ค์„œ ๊ต์‹ค ์˜† ๋ณต๋„์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Minjun gets caught playing around and is standing in the hallway next to the classroom.
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ฐฌ ํˆฌ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์—„๋งˆ์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜ผ๋‚˜๊ณ  ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฒŒ์„ฐ๋‹ค.
I complained about the side dishes, got scolded by my mom, and stood there for an hour.
์Šน๊ทœ๋Š” ์™œ ๋ฒŒ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ?
Why are you punishing Seung-gyu?

๋ˆŒ์–ด๋ถ™๋‹ค

nureobuttta
be scorched; burn; burn to the bottom of a pot or pan
๋ถˆํŒ์— ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆŒ์–ด๋ถ™์–ด์„œ ์„ค๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ํž˜์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The meat stuck to the grill, making it difficult to wash the dishes.
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋–ก์ด ๋ƒ„๋น„์— ๋ˆŒ์–ด๋ถ™์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ฃผ๊ฑฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ €์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I stirred the rice cakes with a wooden spatula to keep them from sticking to the pot.
๋ˆŒ์–ด๋ถ™์€ ๋ƒ„๋น„.
A stuck pot.

๋‹ค๋“ฌ์–ด์ง€๋‹ค

dadeumeojida
be well-groomed
์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์†๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค๋”๋‹ˆ ์Šน๊ทœ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ฒฐ ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์–ด์ง„ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋‹ค.
After going through the expert's touch, Seunggyu's hair looks much more polished.
์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ด ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ๋‹ค.
The teacher said that it would be nice if my poetry were a little more refined.
์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ์‹ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ.
If this idea is refined well, it can be used to develop new products.

๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์ง€๋‹ค

dwijibeojida
be turned inside out; be turned upside down
๋ณดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜๋‹ค.
The boat flipped over while crossing the waves.
์‚ผ์ดŒ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ ์ผ์— ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์ด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
My uncle seems to be a person who is so dissatisfied with things in the world that he wants the world to turn upside down.
์ง‘์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”?
What's going on at home?

๋“ค์–ด๋ฐ•ํžˆ๋‹ค

deureobakida
be stuck inside
๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ฐ€๋ฝ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋“ค์–ด๋ฐ•ํžŒ ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœํ†ฑ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
The cat revealed its sharp claws stuck between its toes.
๋‚จ์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šด์— ๋“ค์–ด๋ฐ•ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”์‚ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ด ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ ๋์— ๋ฐ•ํžŒ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์•„ํ”ˆ ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.
A small thorn stuck in the tip of my finger hurts more than an arrow stuck in someone else's chest.
๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋“ค์–ด๋ฐ•ํžˆ๋‹ค.
A thorn gets stuck in the sole of the foot.

๋“ค์–ด๋ถ™๋‹ค

deureobuttta
be stuck to; be attached
์ž…์†์— ์ฐ๋“์ฐ๋“ ์—ฟ๊ฐ€๋ฝ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ถ™์—ˆ๋‹ค.
A sticky piece of taffy was stuck in my mouth.
ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์— ์ง€๋ฐฉ์งˆ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ถ™์œผ๋ฉด ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด ์ข์•„์ ธ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์ˆœํ™˜์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If fat gets stuck inside the blood vessels, the blood vessels may narrow, causing problems with blood circulation.
๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์ค„์ด ์–ผ๊ตด์— ๋“ค์–ด๋ถ™๋‹ค.
Spider webs stick to your face.

์กฐ์ฒ˜๋˜๋‹ค

jocheodoeda
be dealt with; be implemented
์žฅ๊ธฐ์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์„๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ฒ˜๋˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ์„ ์†๊ผฝ์•„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ๋‹ค.
Long-term prisoners waited eagerly for their release.
๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ์ง์›๋“ค์€ ํ•ด๊ณ  ์กฐ์ฒ˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Employees found to have received bribes were fired.
์‚ฌํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ฒ˜๋˜๋‹ค.
The situation is resolved.

์ฒ˜๋‹จ๋˜๋‹ค

cheodandoeda
be punished; (a disciplinary action) be taken
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ํ•ด์นœ ๋ฒ”์ธ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ์†์— ์ฒ˜๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
A criminal who harmed several people was executed by the police.
๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์„ธ์›”์„ ๊ตฐ๋ฆผํ•œ ๋…์žฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜๋‹จ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ค.
The people hoped that the dictator who had ruled for a long time would be punished.
๋ฐ˜์—ญ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜๋‹จ๋˜๋‹ค.
A traitor is executed.

์ฒ˜๋ฐ•ํžˆ๋‹ค

cheobakida
be slammed into
๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์˜ค๋˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์ž…๊ตฌ์— ์ฒ˜๋ฐ•ํ˜”๋‹ค.
A car that was driving fast ended up at the entrance of the building.
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ํ—ˆ๋ฒ…์ง€์— ์ฒ˜๋ฐ•ํžŒ ์ด์•Œ์„ ๊บผ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
I went to the hospital and took out the bullet lodged in my thigh.
์˜คํ† ๋ฐ”์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜๋ฐ•ํžˆ๋‹ค.
The motorcycle gets stuck.

์ฒ˜์น˜๋˜๋‹ค

cheochidoeda
be treated; be handled
๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๊ฐ€ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ฒ˜์น˜๋œ ์ผ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
There was no case where the person in charge went on vacation and was dealt with.
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋ฐฉ์†ก์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜์น˜๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค.
I found out that the video I made was deemed unbroadcastable.
๋งˆ๊ฐ ๋‚ ์งœ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ผ์€ ๋‹ค ํ–ˆ์–ด?
The due date is approaching. Have you done your work?

์ฒ˜ํ˜•๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค

cheohyeongdanghada
be executed
๋ฐ˜์—ญ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜ํ˜•๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค.
A traitor is executed.
๋ฒ”์ธ์ด ์ฒ˜ํ˜•๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค.
The criminal is executed.
์ฃ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜ํ˜•๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค.
A prisoner is executed.

์ฒ˜ํ˜•๋˜๋‹ค

cheohyeongdoeda
be executed
๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ์ฒ˜ํ˜•๋˜์–ด ๋“คํŒ์— ๋ฌปํ˜”๋‹ค.
The man was executed and buried in a field.
ํฌ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ž€๊ตฐ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฒ˜ํ˜•๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
All captured rebels were executed.
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ ๊ตฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์žกํžŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ?
What would happen to us if we were captured by the enemy?

๋А๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค

neuriteobunhada
very slow
๋А๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ ์ง‘๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ์ฐธ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
I walked at a slow pace, and it took a long time to get home.
๋™์ƒ์€ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋Š˜ ๋А๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค.
My younger brother always acts slowly and is frustrating.
์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜จ ์‹ ์ž… ์‚ฌ์›ํ•œํ…Œ๋„ ์ผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ข€ ์ฃผ์ง€?
Can you give some work to the new employee?

๋ฏธ์–ดํ„ฐ์ง€๋‹ค

mieoteojida
be packed with; be full of
๊ธธ์ด ๋ฏธ์–ดํ„ฐ์ง€๋‹ค.
The road is long.
์‹๋‹น์ด ๋ฏธ์–ดํ„ฐ์ง€๋‹ค.
The restaurant explodes.
์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์ด ๋ฏธ์–ดํ„ฐ์ง€๋‹ค.
The subway explodes.

์–ป์–ดํ„ฐ์ง€๋‹ค

eodeoteojida
be beaten
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํž˜์„ผ ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋บจ์„ ์–ป์–ดํ„ฐ์ ธ์„œ ๋ฉ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I got a bruise on my cheek from being punched by the strongest kid in the class.
๋ฏผ์ค€์ด๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—‰๋ฉ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ดํ„ฐ์กŒ๋‹ค.
Minjun got his butt kicked by his parents because he did something wrong.
๋„ˆ ์–ผ๊ตด์ด ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜? ์™„์ „ ๋นจ๊ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋์–ด.
What's wrong with your face? It turned completely red.

ํ„ฐ์ง€๋‹ค

teojida
be broken down; be pierced
์Œ“์•„ ๋†“์€ ๋‘‘์ด ํ„ฐ์ ธ์„œ ๋งˆ์„์ด ๋ฌผ์— ์ž ๊ฒผ๋‹ค.
The dam burst and the village was flooded.
ํ’์„ ์ด ํ„ฐ์ง€๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค.
Everyone around was surprised by the sound of the balloon popping.
๋‘‘์ด ํ„ฐ์ง€๋‹ค.
The dam bursts.

์งˆํผ๋•๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค

jilpeodeokkkeorida
be muddy; be watery
๋ˆˆ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์™€์„œ ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์งˆํผ๋•๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค.
There is a lot of snow and the roads are muddy.
๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์ด ์งˆํผ๋•๊ฑฐ๋ ค์„œ ์š”๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ€๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The dough was sticky, so the cook added more flour.
๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜จ ํ›„ ๋•…์ด ์งˆํผ๋•๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค.
The ground is muddy after it rains.

์งˆํผ๋•๋Œ€๋‹ค

jilpeodeokttaeda
be muddy; be watery
๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฐœ์ด ๋”๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์งˆ๊นŒ ๋ด ์งˆํผ๋•๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ํ”ผํ•ด ๋‹ค๋…”๋‹ค.
I avoided the muddy roads for fear of getting my shoes dirty.
๋นต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์ด ์งˆํผ๋•๋Œ€์„œ ๋ฐ€๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The dough was too sticky to make bread, so I added more flour.
์งˆํผ๋•๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ณจ๋ชฉ๊ธธ.
A muddy alley.

์งˆํผ๋•์งˆํผ๋•ํ•˜๋‹ค

jilpeodeokjjilpeodeokada
be muddy; be watery
์งˆํผ๋•์งˆํผ๋•ํ•œ ์šด๋™์žฅ์—์„œ ๋›ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ํ™ํˆฌ์„ฑ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Students who ran on the muddy playground became covered in dirt.
ํ’€๋ฐญ์ด ์งˆํผ๋•์งˆํผ๋•ํ•ด์„œ ๋—์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊น”์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋Š” ์•‰์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The grass was so soft that I couldn't sit down without laying down a mat.
๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์ด ์งˆํผ๋•์งˆํผ๋•ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ˜์ฃฝ์ด ์†์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
The dough is fluffy and doesn't fall off your hands.

ํ—ˆ๊ฒ์ง€๊ฒํ•˜๋‹ค

heogeopjjigeopada
be in a hurry; be in a rush; be flustered
๋„๋‘‘์€ ๋„๋ง์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ—ˆ๊ฒ์ง€๊ฒํ•ด์„œ ํ›”์นœ ๋ˆ์ด ๋“  ์ž๋ฃจ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค.
The thief was in a hurry to escape, so he left behind the sack containing the stolen money.
๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ตถ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ—ˆ๊ฒ์ง€๊ฒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์— ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ•๊ณ  ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The puppy must have been starving for a long time and ate with his nose in the bowl.
๊ณผ์ œ ์ œ์ถœ์€ ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด? ์˜ค๋Š˜์ด ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ธ ๊ฑฐ ์–ด์ œ ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉฐ?
Did you submit your assignment well? I heard you found out yesterday that today is the deadline?

ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ๋‹ค

heomulda
be inflamed; be festering; become sore
๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋žœ ํ–‰๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด ์˜จํ†ต ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The soles of the soldiers' feet were completely torn from the long march.
ํ—ˆ๋ฌธ ๊ณณ์ด ๊ฐ€๋ ค์›Œ ๋งŒ์กŒ๋”๋‹ˆ ์ง„๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The area was itchy, so I touched it and it started to ooze.
๋„ˆ ์ฝ” ๋ฐ‘์ด ์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋นจ๊ฐœ์กŒ์–ด?
Why is under your nose so red?

ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ์–ด์ง€๋‹ค

heomureojida
be pulled down; be torn down; be demolished
ํฐ ํŒŒ๋„๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ํŒŒ๋„๋กœ ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ์–ด์ ธ ๋ฐœ๋ฐ‘๊นŒ์ง€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์™”๋‹ค.
The big waves broke down into smaller waves that followed right under my feet.
์œผ์Šค์Šคํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฒผ๋ฝ์„ ๋งž์€ ๋“ฏ์ด ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The walls and gate of the eerie haunted house had collapsed as if struck by lightning.
๋ค๋ถˆ์„ ํ—ค์น˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ž ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ์–ด์ง„ ์ดˆ๋ผํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ค์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
As we made our way through the bushes, we came across a shabby tomb that was almost completely destroyed.

ํ—ˆ๋น„๋˜๋‹ค

heobidoeda
be wasted; be idled away
๋๋„ ์—†๋Š” ํšŒ์˜๋“ค์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋А๋ผ ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ํ—ˆ๋น„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Precious time was wasted conducting endless meetings.
์ „์ฒด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํ—ˆ๋น„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค.
It was revealed that more than half of the total development cost was wasted on unnecessary research.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ถ•๊ตฌํŒ€์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณจ์„ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ—ˆ๋น„๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ญ์œก ๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
It took forty-six minutes of wasted time for our soccer team to get its second goal.

๊ฒŒ์–‘๋˜๋‹ค

geyangdoeda
be hoisted
์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ฒŒ์–‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
A flag symbolizing the Olympics is hoisted at the Olympic Stadium.
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ๊ฒŒ์–‘๋œ ํƒœ๊ทน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์—„์ˆ™ํžˆ ๊ฒฝ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
All the soldiers stood up and solemnly saluted the raised Taegeukgi.
ํ•™๊ต ์ž…๊ตฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ƒ‰์˜ ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ฒŒ์–‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด.
Flags of various colors are hoisted at the school entrance.

๋ชฉ๋ฉ”๋‹ค

mongmeda
be choked; be stuck
์ด์‚ฐ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ๋ชฉ๋ฉ˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ—ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋‹ค.
Separated families called out the names of their separated family members in hoarse voices.
๋ถˆ์˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ž์‹์„ ์žƒ์€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์žฅ๋ก€์‹์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ๋ฉ”์–ด ์˜ค์—ดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
A mother who lost her child in an unexpected accident was sobbing and choking at the funeral home.
์ผ๋“ฑ ํ•˜์‹  ์†Œ๊ฐ์„ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ์ฃ .
Please tell us how you feel about winning first place.

๊ฑฐ์„ธ๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค

geosedanghada
be castrated
๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์„ธ๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค.
Street cats are sometimes castrated.
๊ฑฐ์„ธ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์ด ์ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
There is growing criticism from human rights groups regarding the human rights issues of castrated criminals.
์ฃผ์ธ์˜ ํŽธ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฑฐ์„ธ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๋“ค์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถˆ์Œํ•ด.
I feel so sorry for the dogs that have been castrated for the convenience of their owners.

๊ฑฐ์„ธ๋˜๋‹ค

geosedoeda
be castrated
๊ฑฐ์„ธ๋œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ์„ฑ์š•์ด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Even castrated men may retain sexual desire or function.
์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์„ธ๋œ ๊ฐœ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค.
Domestic dogs are usually castrated to prevent them from mating.
ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์„ธ๋˜๋ฉด ์„ฑ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋‚˜์š”?
Does sexual function decline if you are chemically castrated?

์—์›Œ์‹ธ์ด๋‹ค

ewossaida
be surrounded; be enclosed; be encircled
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ์„์€ ์‹ค๊ฐœ์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ์—์›Œ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Our village is surrounded by Silgaecheon.
์•„๊ตฐ๋“ค์˜ ์ง„์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ ๋“ค๋กœ ์—์›Œ์‹ธ์˜€๋‹ค.
Our soldiers' camp was surrounded by enemies on all sides.
์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—์›Œ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The math teacher is so popular that he is always surrounded by children.

๊ฒฌ์ œ๋˜๋‹ค

gyeonjedoeda
be checked; be held in check
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ธก์— ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฌ์ œ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค.
It was difficult for me to attack because the opposing side was heavily in control.
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ง€์ง€์œจ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ถŒ ํ›„๋ณด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ›„๋ณด์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฌ์ œ๋๋‹ค.
Candidate Kwon, who had the highest approval rating, was kept in check by other candidates.
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๊ถŒ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฒฌ์ œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋๋‹ค.
An institutional mechanism has been established to keep the investigative powers of the police and prosecutors in check.

๊ณต์ œ๋˜๋‹ค

gongjedoeda
be deducted
์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋„์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ „์•ก ๊ณต์ œ๋œ๋‹ค.
For disabled people, medical expenses are fully deductible regardless of the limit.
๋ฏผ์ค€์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์›์˜ ์ƒ๊ธˆ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์ œ๋œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ธ ๊ตฌ์‹ญ๋งŒ ์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.
Minjun received 900,000 won, which is the amount after fees were deducted from the prize money of 1 million won.
๊ณต์ œ๋œ ๊ธˆ์•ก.
Deducted amount.

๊ตฌ์ œ๋˜๋‹ค

gujedoeda
be aided; be relieved
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์€ํ–‰ ์œต์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ€๋„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Our company was saved from bankruptcy through a bank loan.
๋งˆ์•ฝ ์ค‘๋…์ž๋„ ์ „๋ฌธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๊พธ์ค€ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด ์ค‘๋…์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Even drug addicts can be relieved of their addiction if they receive consistent treatment at a specialized treatment center.
์‹ค์—…์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ตฌ์ œ๋˜๋‹ค.
The unemployed are saved.

๊ทœ์ œ๋˜๋‹ค

gyujedoeda
be regulated
๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋น„์‹ผ ํ•ด์™ธ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฐ˜์ž…์ด ๊ทœ์ œ๋œ๋‹ค.
Starting next month, the import of expensive foreign alcohol into the country will be regulated.
์ด๊ณณ์€ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ๊ณตํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณ ์ธต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ๊ทœ์ œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
There is an airport nearby, so the construction of high-rise buildings is regulated.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ์„์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ทœ์ œ๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋ผ ํŽธ์˜ ์‹œ์„ค์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ์ ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค.
Our village is an area where development is regulated to protect the environment, so there is a lack of convenient facilities and many inconveniences in living.

๋ฉด์ œ๋˜๋‹ค

myeonjedoeda
be exempted; be released from duty
๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์ˆ˜์„์œผ๋กœ ์ž…ํ•™ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์ค€์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํ•™๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋ฉด์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Minjun, who entered college at the top of his class, was exempt from tuition for four years.
๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ์™ธ๊ต ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฉด์ œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
That country is a country that has diplomatic relations with our country and is exempt from visas.
๋“ฑ๋ก๊ธˆ์ด ๋ฉด์ œ๋˜๋‹ค.
Tuition fee is exempted.

๋ฌธ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๋‹ค

munjesidoeda
be a problem
์ตœ๊ทผ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ํก์—ฐ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Recently, smoking among teenagers has become a problem.
๊ทธ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์ ์€ ๊ด‘๊ณ  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ—ˆ์œ„๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค.
What is particularly problematic about the advertisement is that the content of the advertisement is all false.
์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
What do you think is the most problematic thing about global warming?

๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”๋˜๋‹ค

guchehwadoeda
be concretized; be embodied
์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”๋˜์–ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋…์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ๋™์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.
The author's rich imagination was embodied in excellent works that moved many readers.
๊ธฐ์กด์— ๊ทœ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ๋Œ€ํšŒ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ฒฉ ์š”๊ฑด์ด ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Five qualification requirements for participation in international competitions that were not previously specified were specified.
์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์„ธ์šด ๊ณ„ํš์ด ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋” ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค.
The teacher said that I would be able to study more systematically if my daily plan was refined into an hourly basis.

๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜๋‹ค

daechedoeda
be alternated; be substituted
์ƒˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜๋‹ค.
replaced by a new one
ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๋“ค๋ ค์˜ค๋˜ ๋…ธ ์ “๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋ณดํŠธ์˜ ๊ต‰์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋๋‹ค.
The sound of rowing on the lake was now replaced by the roar of a motorboat.
๊ทธ ์š”๋ฆฌ์˜ ์›์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ฒญ์–ด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ์ฒญ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žกํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ฝ์น˜๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋๋‹ค.
The raw material for that dish was herring, but since herring could not be caught for a while, it was replaced with saury.

ํ—ค๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋‹ค

hebeoreojida
be open wide
๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ถˆ์ž ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ—ค๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ์˜ท๊นƒ์„ ์—ฌ๋ช„๋‹ค.
As the wind blew, he adjusted his frayed collar.
ํ‡ด๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„์˜จ ์•„๋น ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์•„์ด๋Š” ์ข‹์•„์„œ ์ž…์ด ํ—ค๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
When the child saw his father coming home from work, his mouth was full of joy.
์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์ด์ œ ์†Œ๋งค๊ฐ€ ํ—ค๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ์˜ท์€ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”.
Dad, stop throwing away your clothes with open sleeves.

ํ—ค๋ฒŒ์ญ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค

hebeoljjukada
be wide open; be agape
๊ทธ๋Š” ํฐ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋‹ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ด‰ํˆฌ ์ž…๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ—ค๋ฒŒ์ญ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.
He made the opening of the bag wide to accommodate large items.
์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์นญ์ฐฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฏผ์ค€์ด๋Š” ์ž…์„ ํ—ค๋ฒŒ์ญ‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์›ƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Minjun, who received praise from his teacher, smiled with his mouth wide open.
์ง€์ˆ˜ ์”จ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณด๋žŒ์„ ๋А๋ผ์„ธ์š”?
Mr. Jisoo, when do you feel most rewarded?

ํ—ค๋ฒŒ์ญ‰ํ—ค๋ฒŒ์ญ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค

hebeoljjukebeoljjukada
be wide open; be agape
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ž๊พธ ํ—ค๋ฒŒ์ญ‰ํ—ค๋ฒŒ์ญ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์›ƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I kept laughing and laughing after answering his phone call.
์˜ค๋น ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ณด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž…์„ ํ—ค๋ฒŒ์ญ‰ํ—ค๋ฒŒ์ญ‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์—ฌ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
My brother is watching a movie featuring that actress with his mouth open like an idiot.
๋„ˆ ์•„๊นŒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ—ค๋ฒŒ์ญ‰ํ—ค๋ฒŒ์ญ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์›ƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ˆ?
Why are you laughing so hard from earlier?

๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค

gwanyeohada
be involved in
์ด๋ฒˆ ํŒŒ์—…์—๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The labor union is involved in this strike.
ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์—๋Š” ์œ ์ „์  ์š”์ธ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
There are also genetic factors involved in growing taller.
์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜ ์ž˜๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋นŒ์–ด.
Tell your mother that you did something wrong and beg her unconditionally.

๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ตˆ๋‹ค

deuryeodaboeda
be seen through
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์†์ด ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ตˆ๋Š” ์œ„์„ ์ด ์‹ซ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I hated his see-through hypocrisy.
๋ฐ”๊นฅ์—์„œ๋„ ํ™˜ํžˆ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ตˆ๋Š” ์ œ๊ณผ์  ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ๋นต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ถ์ด ์Œ“์—ฌ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Inside the bakery, which was clearly visible from the outside, there were piles of bread and snacks.
์†์ด ๋นคํžˆ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ตˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ.
Don't tell lies that are obvious.

๋ถ€์—ฌ๋˜๋‹ค

buyeodoeda
be granted; be given
์ด ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉด ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋œ๋‹ค.
Passing this test qualifies you to become an elementary school teacher.
๋ณดํ†ต ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ถŒ์ด ์„ฑ์ธ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค.
Universal suffrage refers to a method in which the right to vote is granted to all adult citizens.
ํ˜ธํ…” ๋ธŒ์ด์•„์ดํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜œํƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
What are the benefits of becoming a Hotel VIP?

์ˆ˜์—ฌ๋˜๋‹ค

suyeodoeda
be awarded; be presented
์ด๋ฒˆ ๋…ผ์ˆ  ๋Œ€ํšŒ ์ž…์ƒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์›์˜ ์ƒ๊ธˆ์ด ์ˆ˜์—ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
A prize of 5 million won was awarded to the winners of this essay contest.
์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ์ƒ์€ ์—ฌ๊ถŒ ์‹ ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด ์˜จ ๊น€ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์—ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
This year's Human Rights Award was awarded to Dr. Kim, who has worked hard to promote human rights.
์ด์ œ ์กธ์—…์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์กธ์—…์žฅ์ด ์ˆ˜์—ฌ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
Diplomas will now be awarded to graduates. Please congratulate us with applause.

์—ฌ๊ณผ๋˜๋‹ค

yeogwadoeda
be filtered; be percolated
๋น—๋ฌผ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ณผ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์‹์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Once rainwater is properly filtered, it becomes clean drinking water.
์šฉ์•ก์— ์„ž์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์ˆœ๋ฌผ์€ ์ด ์—ฌ๊ณผ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ๊ณผ๋œ๋‹ค.
Impurities mixed in the solution are filtered through this filtration device.
์—ฌ๊ณผ๋œ ๋ฌผ.
Filtered water.

๋‚จ๋ฐœ๋˜๋‹ค

nambaldoeda
be overissued
๊ณต์•ฝ์ด ๋‚จ๋ฐœ๋˜๋‹ค.
Promises are made excessively.
์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆ์ด ๋‚จ๋ฐœ๋˜๋‹ค.
Certificates are overused.
์ •์ฑ…์ด ๋‚จ๋ฐœ๋˜๋‹ค.
Policy is overused.

๋‚จ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค

namyongdoeda
be abused; be improperly used
๋†์‚ฌ์— ํ™”ํ•™ ๋น„๋ฃŒ์™€ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ํ† ์–‘์ด ์˜ค์—ผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farming is polluting the soil.
๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ ์ด๋ฆ„ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Foreign languages โ€‹โ€‹are overused in street signs and product names.
๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚จ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค.
Water is overused.

๊ฒฉ๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค

gyeokttonghada
be turbulent; change violently
๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฉ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ํฌ์ƒ์–‘์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋ชฐ๋ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Many companies fell victim to the turbulent global economy.
๊ฒฉ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์™€ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To survive in a turbulent market, you must create strong brands and products.
๊ฒฉ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„.
A turbulent world.

๋™๊ฒฐ๋˜๋‹ค

donggyeoldoeda
be frozen
๋™๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ฐ• ์œ„์—์„œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฐ๋งค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋†€์•˜๋‹ค.
Children rode sleds and played on the frozen river.
๋ฉฐ์น  ๊ณ„์†๋œ ํ•œํŒŒ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋™๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
Due to the cold spell that lasted for several days, the water pipes froze and no water came out.
๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ถฅ์ง€์š”?
Isn't the weather too cold?

๋™๊ธ€๋‹ค

donggeulda
be round
๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋™๊ธ€์–ด ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The water that fell on the floor turned into round droplets.
๋‚˜์™€ ๋™์ƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋™๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ๋ฉ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.
My brother and I made a snowman using the two best round snowballs.
๋ˆˆ๋ฉ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋™๊ธ€๋‹ค.
The snowball is round.

๋™๋‚˜๋‹ค

dongnada
be exhausted; run out
์ด ์‹ ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์˜ˆ๋ป์„œ ์ถœ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ๋™๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
This new product had a pretty design and was sold out as soon as it was released.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ด์•ผ๊นƒ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋™๋‚˜๊ณ  ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•œ ์นจ๋ฌต์ด ํ˜๋ €๋‹ค.
We finally ran out of things to talk about and there was an awkward silence.
์ด ์Œ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”.
I will order this food.

๊ฒฉ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค

gyeokssangdoeda
be promoted; be elevated
์ด๋ฒˆ ์ธ์‚ฌ์ด๋™ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊น€ ๊ณผ์žฅ์€ ๋ถ€์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ง€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฉ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
As a result of this personnel change, Manager Kim was promoted to manager.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ์žฅ๋‹˜์ด ์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์† ๋ถ€์„œ๋กœ ํ•œ์ธต ๊ฒฉ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Our department has been upgraded to a department directly managed by the chairman.
ํ•œ๊ตญ ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ์ œ ์˜ํ™”์ œ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ด์–ด ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
Korean films are winning awards one after another at various international film festivals.

๊ดด์ƒ๋ง์ธกํ•˜๋‹ค

goesangmangcheukada
very odd; quite strange
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๊ดด์ƒ๋ง์ธกํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋‹ค.
They sang a strange song whose lyrics I couldn't even understand.
๊นŠ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ดด์ƒ๋ง์ธกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค.
There are many strange-looking fish that live in the deep sea.
๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ์–‘์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋งž์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ดด์ƒ๋ง์ธกํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Her hair looked strange, as if it had been struck by lightning.

๊ตฌ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค

gusangdoeda
be planned
์—ฌ๋‹น์€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์ƒ๋œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The ruling party announced its newly designed policy to the public ahead of the election.
๋ฐ• ์‚ฌ์žฅ์€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ๊ตฌ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„ ๋†“๊ณ  ํˆฌ์ž ์œ ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค.
President Park plans to gather investors and attract investment as soon as the business is conceived.
์ „๋žต์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ฒด ์™œ ํŒจ๋ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ง€?
The strategy was perfectly conceived, so why did we lose?

๊ตฌ์ƒํ™”๋˜๋‹ค

gusanghwadoeda
be concretized; be reified
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์‹ ํ™”์—์„œ ์‹ ์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ™”๋œ๋‹ค.
In Greek mythology, gods are usually depicted in human form.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ™”๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
We paid attention to how the mother's figure was visualized in this work.
์š”์ฆ˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฑ…๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜ํ™”๋‚˜ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Kids these days like movies and dramas more than books.

๋‚™์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค

nakssanghada
be hurt from a fall
๋ฐœ์ด ๋Œ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค ๋‚™์ƒํ•  ๋ป”ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žก์•„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
My foot caught on a rock and I almost fell, but luckily my friend caught me.
์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜ํ™” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ง ์œ„์—์„œ ๋‚™์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋‰ด์Šค์— ๋ณด๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
An accident in which a famous movie star fell from a horse was reported in the news.
๋‚™์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ .
Falling accident.

๊ตฌ์ „๋˜๋‹ค

gujeondoeda
be passed down orally
์ „๋ž˜ ๋ฏผ์š”๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž…์—์„œ ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ „๋œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜์ด๋‹ค.
Traditional folk songs are songs that were passed down orally from civilians.
ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ์†์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์ „๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋‚œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ์…จ๋‹ค.
The grandmother told her grandchildren an interesting story that had been passed down orally since ancient times.
์ €๋ถ„์ด ๊ตฌ์ „๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ์š”๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌดํ˜•์œ ์‚ฐ ๋ณด์œ ์ž์ด์…”.
He is a national intangible heritage holder who can sing folk songs that are handed down orally.

๋ฐ˜์ „๋˜๋‹ค

banjeondoeda
be reversed
์ด ์ œ์–ด ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๊ฐ€ ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์ „๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.
This control device reverses the direction in which the wheel rolls.
๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐ˜์ „๋  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค.
The machine seems to be malfunctioning and makes a strange sound every time it is reversed.
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋Š” ์—์Šค์ปฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์นœ ํ›„ ์—์Šค์ปฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์ „๋˜๋‚˜ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
After repairing the escalator, the technician checked whether the escalator could be reversed well.

๋™์ผ์‹œ๋˜๋‹ค

dongilssidoeda
be identified
๋ˆ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ผญ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ˆ์€ ํ–‰๋ณต๊ณผ ๋™์ผ์‹œ๋˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
It is difficult to equate money with happiness because having more money does not necessarily make you happier.
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ทน ์ค‘ ์ธ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋™์ผ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋น„๋ จ์˜ ์—ฌ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด ๋œ ๋“ฏํ•œ ์ฐฉ๊ฐ์— ๋น ์กŒ๋‹ค.
Jisoo identified with the character in the play and fell into the illusion that she had become the tragic heroine.
์š”์ฆ˜ ์„œ์–‘ ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด.
These days, there is a tendency to equate Western culture with modernization.

๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋‹ค

burilchihada
be in discord with; be discordant
๋ง๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
If your words and actions are inconsistent, you will lose trust from people.
์šฉ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค.
It was revealed that the suspect had made false statements that were inconsistent with the facts.
๋ฏผ์ค€์ด๋Š” ์™œ ๋˜ ์•„๋น ๋ž‘ ์‹ธ์› ์–ด?
Why did Minjun fight with his dad again?

์‚ฌ์œก๋˜๋‹ค

sayukttoeda
be bred; be raised; be reared
์–‘๊ณผ ์—ผ์†Œ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์œก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Sheep and goats were domesticated as livestock at a relatively early age.
๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋ผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์œก๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ’์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
As pigs are raised on a large scale, pork prices have fallen significantly.
๋‹ญ์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์†์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์œก๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Chickens have been raised by humans for a long time.

์–‘์œก๋˜๋‹ค

yangyukttoeda
be raised; be nurtured
์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์€ ์•„์ด๋Š” ํฐ๋Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ ธ ์นœ์ฒ™๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–‘์œก๋๋‹ค.
A child who lost his parents in an accident was sent to his eldest home and raised by relatives.
๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋งž๋ฒŒ์ด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋นด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„๋“ค์€ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์†์—์„œ ์–‘์œก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Because his parents were busy working, the young son was raised by his grandmother.
๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํ›ˆ์œก์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์–‘์œก๋œ ์•„๋™์€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋Œ€์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์›๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Children who are raised well by their parents are said to have relatively smooth interpersonal relationships.

์œก์„ฑ๋˜๋‹ค

yuksseongdoeda
be promoted; be fostered
๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์œก์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
He received systematic training from a young age and was developed into a top player.
ํ•œ์ฐฝ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ์œก์„ฑ๋˜๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณต์žฅ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
During the period when industry was in full swing, many factories were built and jobs increased.
์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋น„์ธ๊ธฐ ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‚ค์šธ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Now there is a need to professionalize athletes in unpopular sports.

ํ›ˆ์œก๋˜๋‹ค

hunyukttoeda
be disciplined; be educated
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ํ•œํ…Œ ํ›ˆ์œก๋œ ๋’ค๋กœ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ง์ฝ์„ ํ”ผ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
I never got into trouble at school after being disciplined by my scary teacher.
๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž‘์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์—๋„ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์•ผ๋‹จ์„ ๋งž์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ›ˆ์œก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
From a young age, I was severely disciplined by my parents, scolding them for even the slightest mistake.
์•„์ด๋Š” ํ›ˆ์œก๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
I do not scold my child because I believe that children learn on their own, not be disciplined.

๊บผ์น ๊บผ์น ํ•˜๋‹ค

kkeochilkkeochilhada
very coarse
์•„์ด๋Š” ์•„๋น ์˜ ๊บผ์น ๊บผ์น ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—ผ์„ ๋งŒ์ง€๋”๋‹ˆ ๋”ฐ๊ฐ‘๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The child touched his father's rough beard and said it stung.
๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋‹˜, ์–ผ๊ตด์ด ๊บผ์น ๊บผ์น ํ•ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์š”.
Manager, your face looks rough.
์„œ๋ฅ˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋А๋ผ ๋ฐค์„ ์ƒˆ์›Œ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ด์š”.
I guess it's because I stayed up all night organizing the documents.

๋ถ„์น ๋˜๋‹ค

bunchildoeda
be powdered
๋ถ„์น ๋œ ๋‹ด๋ฒผ๋ฝ.
Powdered wall.
ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์น ๋œ ๋„์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณฑ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋น›๊น”์„ ๋ฝ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The pottery powdered blue shows off its fine and beautiful color.
๋Š˜ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€์„œ ๋”๋Ÿฝ๋˜ ๊ต์‹ค ๋ฒฝ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ ํ•˜์–—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์น ๋˜์–ด ๊นจ๋—ํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
The walls of the classroom, which were always dirty and dirty, were newly powdered white and became clean.

์ชฝํŒ”๋ฆฌ๋‹ค

jjokpallida
be embarrassed
๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ด‘์žฅ ํ•œ๋ณตํŒ์—์„œ ๋„˜์–ด์กŒ์ง€ ๋ญ์•ผ.
On my way, I fell in the middle of the square.
๊ด‘์žฅ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ๋งŽ์•˜์„ ํ…๋ฐ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ชฝํŒ”๋ ธ๊ฒ ๋‹ค.
Because it was a square, there must have been a lot of people, so it must have been very embarrassing.
์Šน๊ทœ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์•ž์—์„œ ์ถค์„ ์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ˆ ์ชฝํŒ”๋ ค์„œ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Seung-gyu was so embarrassed at the thought of having to dance in front of so many people that he couldn't stand it.

์‹ญ๋…„๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค

simnyeongamsuhada
be scared to death
๋„ˆ ์ฐจ์— ์น˜์ผ ๋ป”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ?
I heard you almost got hit by a car?
ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ง๋งŒ ๋” ๋‚ด๋””๋Ž ์œผ๋ฉด ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ. ์‹ญ๋…„๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์–ด.
If I had taken one more step, I might have died. I watched it for ten years.
์ง€๊ฐ‘์ด ์—†์–ด์ง„ ์ค„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ญ๋…„๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ์ง€๊ฐ‘์€ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I thought my wallet was missing and kept it for ten years, but luckily my wallet was at home.

๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ 

gabyeonjeok
changeable, variable
์†Œ์„ค์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์  ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
The novel's protagonist is a variable character whose personality keeps changing depending on the situation.
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„ ์ด ์ „์Ÿ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
In the past, national borders were variable due to wars and other factors.

๊ฐ€์‹์ 

gasikjjeok
fake, insincere
๋ฐ• ์”จ๋Š” ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋„ ๊ฐ€์‹์  ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์ง“๋Š”๋‹ค.
Mr. Park puts on a fake smile easily even when he's with people he dislikes.
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง„์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ์—†๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.
I don't want to be close with people who lack sincerity and act fake.

๊ฐ€ํ•™์ 

gahakjjeok
cruel, sadistic
๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€ํ•™์  ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์พŒ๊ฐ์„ ๋А๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„์ •์ƒ์  ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
He was an abnormal person who felt pleasure through cruel acts.
์ „์Ÿ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•™์ ์ด๊ณ  ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋†“์•˜๋‹ค.
War made us cruel and destructive by nature.

๊ฐ„ํ—์ 

ganheoljeok
intermittent
์ ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ—์  ์นจ์ž… ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์„œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Because of the enemy's intermittent invasions, we decided to stand guard.
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ผ์ผ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ์›์ธ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์ธ ๋‘ํ†ต์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ์„œ ๋ณ‘์›์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค.
Jisu went to the hospital because she was having intermittent headaches of unknown cause once every two or three days.

๊ฐ๊ฐ์ 

gamgakjjeok
sensory, sensual
์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ํ™”๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์  ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์•˜๋‹ค.
This work captured viewers' attention with its splendid, vivid sensory depictions.
๊น€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹œ๋Š” ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.
Writer Kim's poem was praised for depicting the blue sea in a very sensory way.

๊ฐ•๊ฒฝํ•˜๋‹ค

ganggyeonghada
firm, unyielding (character)
๋ฏผ์ค€์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ•๊ฒฝํ•œ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
Minjun was born with an unyielding temperament.
์‹œ๋ฏผ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๊ฒฝํ•œ ์–ด์กฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The civic group issued a statement in a hardline tone criticizing the government's policy.

๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ 

gangbakjjeok
coercive, forceful
์‚ฌ์žฅ์€ ์ง์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜ ์ผ๋ฐฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ นํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์  ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.
The boss always gave one-sided orders to employees, showing a coercive attitude.
๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์ธ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋ชป ์ด๊ฒจ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ชปํ•ด ์˜๋Œ€์— ์ง„ํ•™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Unable to resist my parents' coercive demands, I reluctantly went to medical school.

๊ฐ•์••์ 

gangapjjeok
coercive, repressive
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ•์••์  ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
He took coercive measures to suppress the opposition forces.
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€์ด ์ด์œ ๋„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์••์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ฒดํฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The police officer arrested me coercively without even giving a reason.

๊ฐœ์—ฐ์ 

gaeyeonjeok
probable, likely
๊ทธ ํƒ์ •์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฐœ์—ฐ์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ์ถ”๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Based on the evidence, the detective inferred the probable facts related to the case.
์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์‹ ์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ง์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐœ์—ฐ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
My friend's betrayal was a probable outcome I could have easily guessed.

๊ฐœํ˜์ 

gaehyeokjjeok
reformative
์ด ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•œํ‰์ƒ์„ ๊ฐœํ˜์  ์ข…๊ต์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค.
This pastor lived his whole life as a reformist religious figure.
์ƒˆ๋กœ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ต์žฅ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฐœํ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์…จ๋‹ค.
The new principal has been transforming our school in a reformative way.

๊ฐธ๋ฅตํ•˜๋‹ค

gyareukada
admirable, praiseworthy
๋ช‡ ๋…„์งธ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์˜ ๋ณ‘์ƒ์„ ์ง€ํ‚จ ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ํšจ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐธ๋ฅตํ•˜๋‹ค.
Jisu's filial devotion, having stayed by her parents' sickbed for several years, is admirable.
๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ ์šธ๋˜ ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐธ๋ฅตํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
Jisu's pitiable appearance, crying sadly after losing her parents, keeps weighing on my mind.

๊ฑด์„ค์ 

geonseoljeok
constructive
์–‘์ธก์€ ๊ฑด์„ค์  ๋Œ€ํ™” ๋์— ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํƒ€ํ˜‘์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
Both sides reached a dramatic compromise after constructive dialogue.
์‚ฌํšŒ์ž๋Š” ํ† ๋ก ์ž๋“ค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑด์„ค์ ์ธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ž˜ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
The moderator skillfully drew out constructive opinions from the debaters.

๊ฑด์„ฑ

geonseong
half-heartedness, carelessness
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์–ด ๊ฑด์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ดค๋‹ค.
Jisu wasn't very interested in the artwork, so she looked at it half-heartedly.
๋ˆˆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ž…๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด ๊ฑด์„ฑ์„ ๋ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค.
The areas around the eyes and mouth have little oil, so they tend to become dry.

๊ฑธ๊ฑธํ•˜๋‹ค

geolkkeolhada
husky, gruff (voice)
๋ณ€์„ฑ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜จ ๋‚จ๋™์ƒ์€ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๊ฑธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๋ฒ• ๋‚จ์ž๋‹ค์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค.
My younger brother, whose voice had broken, now has a husky voice and seems quite manly.
๋ฏผ์ค€์ด๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ํ„ธํ„ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑธ๊ฑธํ•ด์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Minjun is easygoing and open-hearted, so it's fun to be around him.

๊ฒ€์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค

geomyakada
to be frugal
์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ํฐ ๋ถ€์ž์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ‰์ƒ ๊ฒ€์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒ€์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„์˜ค์…จ๋‹ค.
My father is very wealthy, but he has lived frugally and modestly his whole life.
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒ€์•ฝํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ์ด ๋ชธ์— ๋ฐฐ์„œ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฝ‘์•„ ๋‘”๋‹ค.
I'm so used to a frugal lifestyle that I always unplug devices I'm not using.

๊ฒฉ์‹์ 

gyeokssikjjeok
being formal
๊ฒฉ์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ง๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์— ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To appear formal, one must be careful with words and actions.
๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฉ์‹์  ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
In formal settings, one should use formal expressions.

๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ 

gyeollonjeok
conclusive, concluding
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘์€ ์ข‹์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋กœ๋Š” ์‹คํŒจ์˜€๋‹ค.
Our research had a good start, but the conclusive assessment was that it was a failure.
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์ธ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž…์žฅ๋งŒ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Jisu didn't talk for long โ€” she just summarized and stated her conclusive position.

๊ฒฐ์ •์ 

gyeoljeongjeok
definite, decisive
๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์  ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค.
The prosecutor made the decisive judgment that the man was the culprit.
๊ฒ€์ฐฐ ์ธก์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The prosecution presented decisive evidence, and guilt was proven.

๊ฒฝ๋ฉธ์ 

gyeongmyeoljeok
contemptuous, scornful
๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์—…์‹ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ฉธ์  ๋ฐœ์–ธ์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
I got angry at his contemptuous remark that seemed to look down on me.
๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊น”๋ณด๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋ฉธ์ ์ธ ๋งํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฑ‰์—ˆ๋‹ค.
That man spoke with a contemptuous tone, as if looking down on me.

๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ 

gyeongjaengjeok
competitive
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™์ฐฝ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐค๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
I have a strongly competitive personality, so during my school years I studied late every night to be number one.
๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์ธ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์น˜์—ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค.
In a competitive modern society, individuals live fiercely just to survive.

๊ฒฝํ—˜์ 

gyeongheomjeok
empirical, experiential
์ด ์ฑ…์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
This book is the result of research on Korean society based on empirical data.
๊ณผํ•™์  ์ด๋ก ์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Scientific theories must be explained within the scope of empirical phenomena.

๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์ 

gyeryangjeok
quantitative, measuring
๊น€ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•  ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์  ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Dr. Kim presented quantitative figures to support his claim.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค.
People focus only on the outwardly visible quantitative figures rather than the actual content.

๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ 

gyesanjeok
calculating, computational
ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์—…๋ฌด์—์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์  ์ฐฉ์˜ค๋Š” ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋‹ค.
There can be no calculation errors in accounting work.
์Šน๊ทœ๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋Œ€์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค.
While sitting at the cash register, Seunggyu made a lot of calculation mistakes.

๊ณ„์†์ 

gyesokjjeok
continual, continuous
์•” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ‘์€ ๋ณ‘์ด ์™„์น˜๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
A disease like cancer requires continuous treatment until it's fully cured.
๋™์•„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†์ ์ธ ํ™๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšŒ์› ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ ค ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
The club increased its membership through continuous promotion.

๊ณ„ํ†ต์ 

gyetongjeok
systematic
๊ณ„ํ†ต์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Systematic thinking means grasping a subject within a fixed framework.
์ด ์กฐ์ง์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งœ์—ฌ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
This organization is structured systematically.

๊ณ ๋”ฐ์œ„

gottawi
that kind (of person/thing) [disparaging]
๊ณ„์† ๊ณ ๋”ฐ์œ„๋กœ ๊ตด๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ํ˜ผ๋‚  ์ค„ ์•Œ์•„๋ผ.
If you keep acting like that, you'll really get scolded.
๊ณ ๋”ฐ์œ„ ์–„ํŒํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ž‘์€ ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ†ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
That kind of shallow trick won't work on me.

๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์ 

goripjjeok
isolated
์„ฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์  ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜์— ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค.
A country in an isolated position, such as an island, is at a disadvantage for exchange with other countries.
์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์œ„์น˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Because of its isolated location, Egypt was able to create its own unique culture.

๊ณ ๋งŒ

goman
that much, that little
์ž˜๋ชป์€ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ด ๋†“๊ณ  ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋งŒ ์ผ๋กœ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰ํ˜”๋‹ค.
It was outrageous that he made more mistakes himself, yet got angry at me over such a trivial thing.
๋ฏผ์ค€์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ๋งŒ ์ข€ ๋จน์œผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Minjun kept eating snacks until someone told him to stop.

๊ณ ๋งŒํผ

gomankeum
that much, to that extent
์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ•œ ์ง‘์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋˜ ๋”ฑ ๊ณ ๋งŒํผ ๋„“์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The house I newly moved into was exactly as spacious as I wanted.
๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ์ž ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋ฐ–์— ๋ชป ์ž์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๊ณ ๋งŒํผ์„ ๋” ์žค๋‹ค.
I only got a little sleep yesterday, so I slept that much more today.

๊ณ ์‹์ 

gosikjjeok
being makeshift, being stopgap
ํ•™๊ต ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ์‹์ ์ด์–ด์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
Extending school class hours is just a stopgap measure and doesn't help reduce private education costs.
๊ณ ์‹์  ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์€ ์ง„ํ†ต๋งŒ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฟ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.
A palliative surgery only relieves pain, but doesn't provide a fundamental cure.

๊ณ ์••์ 

goapjjeok
high-handed, domineering
์‹ ์ž… ์‚ฌ์› ๊น€ ์”จ๋Š” ๊น€ ๋ถ€์žฅ์˜ ๊ณ ์••์  ๋งํˆฌ์— ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
New employee Kim was intimidated by manager Kim's domineering tone.
์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์˜ ๊ณ ์••์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ต์‹ค์€ ์ฅ ์ฃฝ์€ ๋“ฏ ์กฐ์šฉํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
The classroom fell dead silent at the teacher's domineering voice.

๊ณ ์˜์ 

gouijeok
intentional, deliberate
๊ทธ์˜ ์ผ๋‹น๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธˆ์„ ๋…ธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์˜์  ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
His accomplices deliberately caused a traffic accident to collect insurance money.
๊ทธ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์˜์ ์ธ ํƒœํด๋กœ ํ‡ด์žฅ์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
That player was sent off for an intentional tackle in the soccer match.

๊ณ ์ž‘

gojak
at most (the most one can claim)
๊น€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„ ๋งค์ผ ์•ผ๊ทผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋„ค ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณ ์ž‘์ด๋‹ค.
Assistant Manager Kim has so much work that working overtime every day and sleeping only four hours is the most he can manage.
๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์—ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ž‘ ์ด๋งŒ ์›์„ ๋ฒˆ๋‹ค.
He works ten hours a day and earns only twenty thousand won.

๊ณ ์ฏค

gojjeum
about that much (as a noun)
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์ฏค๋งŒ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด ๋‘๊ณ  ์ด๋งŒ ํ‡ด๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งˆ์Œ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I decided to just do about that much work and head home for the day.
์–ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์˜จ์€ ์˜ํ•˜ ์˜ค ๋„๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์ฏค ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
Yesterday's temperature seemed to be around minus five degrees or so.

๊ณ ํ˜น์ 

gohokjjeok
alluring, fascinating
๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ณ ํ˜น์  ๋ˆˆ๋น›์ด ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์•˜๋‹ค.
Her alluring gaze captivated my heart.
๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๊ณ ํ˜น์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์˜ ๋งค๋ ฅ์— ํ ๋ป‘ ๋น ์ ธ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The audience was completely captivated by the alluring charm of the main character throughout the movie.

๊ณฑ๋‹ค

goptta
beautiful, pretty
์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“œ์…จ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ์šด ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋งŒํผ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํ•˜์‹œ๋‹ค.
Mother has aged, but her beautiful smile remains the same.
์†์ด ๊ณฑ์œผ๋ฉด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
If your hands are numb, you can't move them properly.
๊ณ„์† ๊ตฌ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณฑ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค.
After sitting hunched over for so long, it feels like my back is getting bent out of shape.

๊ณต๊ฐ„์ 

gongganjeok
spatial
์ด ์†Œ์„ค์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์€ ์ฒœ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ์น ์‹ญ ๋…„๋Œ€์ด๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์€ ์„œ์šธ์ด๋‹ค.
This novel's temporal setting is the 1970s, and its spatial setting is Seoul.
๊ทธ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์„ค๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ทน๋ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The architect overcame spatial constraints through efficient structural design.

๊ณต๋ช…์‹ฌ

gongmyeongsim
integrity, fairness of mind
๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ช…์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
He judged based on personal feelings, without integrity.
๊ณต๋ช…์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ณต์„ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
A strongly ambitious person tends to promote their own achievements.

๊ณต๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค

gongmyeonghada
fair, unbiased
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๋ช…ํ•œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ›„๋ณด๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
They declined gifts from candidates for the sake of a fair election.
์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ์•…๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Sound must resonate for an instrument to produce a good tone.

๊ณตํ†ต์ 

gongtongjeok
commonness
์ง์›๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ๋ช…๋„ ๋น ์ง์—†์ด ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›”๊ธ‰ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Every single employee, without exception, commonly demanded a salary increase.
๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์Œ์•…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต์  ์ทจ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ ์  ์นœํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
The two grew closer while sharing a common hobby in music.

๊ณผ์žฅ์ 

gwajangjeok
exaggerative
๊ณผ์žฅ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋น„ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค.
Exaggerative thinking gives rise to irrational beliefs.
์š”์ฆ˜์€ ๊ณผ์žฅ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํŠ€๋Š” ํŒจ์…˜์ด ์œ ํ–‰์ด๋‹ค.
These days, exaggerated and flashy fashion is trendy.

๊ด€๋…์ 

gwannyeomjeok
being ideal, conceptual
์ด ์ฒ ํ•™ ์„œ์ ์€ ๊ด€๋…์ ์ธ ์„œ์ˆ ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•ด์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค.
This philosophy book was full of abstract, conceptual descriptions, so it was hard to understand.
์ด ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๋…์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค.
This film deals with abstract, conceptual questions about a person's identity.

๊ด€๋Šฅ์ 

gwanneungjeok
sensual
๊ทธ ์˜ท์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ด€๋Šฅ์  ๋ชธ๋งค์— ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
That outfit suited the model's sensual figure well.
์—ฌ์ธ์€ ๊ด€๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ๋ˆˆ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ ํ˜นํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The woman seduced the men around her with a sensual look.

๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ 

gwallyojeok
bureaucratic
๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์  ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ์„ ์ƒ€๋‹ค.
The teachers' bureaucratic attitude drew backlash from the students.
๊ต์œก์ฒญ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋…๋‹จ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ๋ฌต์‚ด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Because of the education office's bureaucratic and arbitrary administration, the teachers' opinions were ignored.

๊ด€๋ง์ 

gwanmangjeok
watching from afar, wait-and-see
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ข€ ๋” ๋‚ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ง์ ์ธ ์ž์„ธ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
I decided to wait in a wait-and-see manner until real estate prices dropped a bit more.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ง์  ์ž์„ธ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
We are waiting in a wait-and-see stance for stock prices to rise again.

๊ด€์Šต์ 

gwanseupjjeok
customary
๋น„๋‘˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์Šต์  ์ƒ์ง•๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
The dove is a customary symbol of peace.
ํ˜ผ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์นœ ์‹ ํ˜ผ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ด€์Šต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฐฑ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
After finishing the wedding ceremony, the newlyweds customarily performed the pyebaek ritual.

๊ด€์šฉ์ 

gwanyongjeok
idiomatic, commonly used
์†๋‹ด์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ตณ์–ด์ ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ๊ด€์šฉ์  ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค.
A proverb is one kind of idiomatic expression that has become fixed through long use in society.
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ด€์šฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜์–ด๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์œ ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The government is making efforts to replace habitually used loanwords with native Korean words.

๊ด‘์‹ ์ 

gwangsinjeok
fanatical
๊ด‘์‹ ์  ํƒœ๋„๋กœ ๋…์žฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
There were also people who followed the dictator with a fanatical attitude.
ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ ์Ÿ์ด์˜ ๋ง์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ๊ด‘์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋”ฐ๋ž๋‹ค.
My grandmother unconditionally believed whatever the fortune teller said and followed it fanatically.

๊ด‘์ 

gwangjeok
mad, frantic
๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด‘์  ์ง‘์ฐฉ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์˜€๋‹ค.
My friend showed a frantic obsession with electronic devices and spent an enormous amount of money.
์‚ฌ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ˆˆ๋น›์€ ๊ด‘์ ์ธ ์ง‘๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์ฉ์˜€๋‹ค.
The man's eyes gleamed with a frantic tenacity.

๊ตํ›ˆ์ 

gyohunjeok
instructive, moral
์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ณธ ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํฐ ๊ฐ๋™์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The movie I saw today was a moving, instructive story about love.
๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์‹ค๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตํ›ˆ์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
I gave a lecture on the instructive theme of sincerity and effort.

๊ตฌ์‹ฌ์ 

gusimjeok
central, pivotal
์ด๋ฒˆ์— ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์‹ฌ์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
The environmental conference to be held this time will play a pivotal role in global environmental protection.
๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์™ธ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋จผ์ € ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To memorize that theory, you must first understand the basic, central concepts.

๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ 

gungminjeok
relating to the nation
๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ธˆ์—ฐ ์šด๋™ ๋•๋ถ„์— ํก์—ฐ์œจ์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Thanks to the nationwide anti-smoking campaign, the smoking rate dropped sharply.
์ˆ˜๋„ ์ด์ „์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์  ์—ฌ๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค.
The matter of relocating the capital must be decided by reflecting national public opinion.

๊ตด์š•์ 

guryokjjeok
humiliating
๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ํ•˜์ธต๋ฏผ์€ ์ƒ์œ„ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์— ๋ณต์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตด์š•์  ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
In a class society, the lower classes had to live a humiliating life obeying the upper classes.
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณ ์••์ ์ธ ์ž์„ธ์— ๋Œ๋ ค ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ตด์š•์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The government showed a humiliating spectacle of being dragged along by the powerful nation's high-handed stance.

๊ตด์ข…์ 

guljongjeok
submissive
์ฒ ์ €ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ถ„์ œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋“ค์€ ๊ตด์ข…์  ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
In a thoroughly stratified society, slaves had to live a submissive life.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ธ๋ก ์ด ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์— ๊ตด์ข…์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
People criticized the press for being submissive to power.

๊ถ๊ทน์ 

gunggeukjjeok
ultimate, final
์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
The ultimate goal of psychology is to understand human beings.
๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ด์œค ์ถ”๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.
A company's ultimate goal lies in the pursuit of profit.

๊ถŒ์œ„์ 

gwonwijeok
authoritative, overbearing
๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ฑด ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ถŒ์œ„์  ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.
Those parents showed an authoritarian attitude, trying to control their children in every little thing.
๊ถŒ์œ„์ ์ธ ๊น€ ์”จ๋Š” ์œ—์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
The authoritarian Mr. Kim considers manners toward superiors very important.

๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ 

gyubeomjeok
normative
๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์ด ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
For Christians, the Bible plays a normative role in life.
์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋Š˜ ๋ฒ•์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค.
My father always insisted that we live a normative life, obeying the law.

๊ท ํ˜•์ 

gyunhyeongjeok
balanced
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The government provided economic support to industries with a weak foundation for the balanced development of industry.
์ง€๋„์ž๋กœ์„œ ์•„๋žซ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ๋‹คํˆผ์„ ๊ท ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด๋‹ค.
As a leader, balancedly regulating power struggles among subordinates is a very difficult task.

๊ทธ๋ ๊ทธ๋ 

geureonggeureong
to the brim
๋ฐค์ƒˆ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๋น—๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ๊ทธ๋  ๊ณ ์—ฌ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The rainwater that had fallen all night had pooled to the brim on every leaf.
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์— ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋Š”์ง€ ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ด ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ๊ทธ๋  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
Something seemed stuck in his throat, making a wheezing sound every time he breathed.

๊ทน๋‹จ

geukttan
extreme
์Šน๊ทœ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•œ ๊ทน๋‹จ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.
Seunggyu showed extremely rude, extreme behavior toward a person he'd just met.
๊ทน๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๊ณต์—ฐํ•  ์—ฐ๊ทน์˜ ์—ฌ์ž ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์„ ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The theatrical company is recruiting a leading actress for the new play they'll perform.

๊ทน๋‹จ์ 

geukttanjeok
being extreme
์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ธฐ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.
When thinking of oneself becomes extreme, it turns into selfishness.
์„ฑ์ ์„ ๋น„๊ด€ํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ž์‚ด์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทน๋‹จ์  ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
A high school student, despairing over their grades, made the extreme choice of suicide.

๊ทน์ 

geukjjeok
dramatic
์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทน์  ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
This story could be said to lack the dramatic imagination needed to be made into a film.
๋ฐฐ์‹ ์€ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ์— ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์†Œ์žฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค.
Betrayal is one of the dramatic themes that frequently appears in dramas.

๊ทนํ•œ

geukan
limits, extremity
๋ฏผ์ค€์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทนํ•œ์˜ ์Šฌํ””์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Minjun experienced extreme sorrow over his family's death.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ๋ณด๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทนํ•œ์˜ ์ถ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
We experienced extreme cold while climbing the snow-storming mountain.

๊ทผ๋ณธ์ 

geunbonjeok
fundamental
ํญ์šฐ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์  ์›์ธ์ธ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Measures against climate change, the fundamental cause of the heavy rain, are urgently needed.
๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ด๋‹ค.
The most fundamental element that makes up a nation is its people.

๊ทผ์›์ 

geunwonjeok
being fundamental
์ด ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ ์ธ ๊ณ ๋…์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด ํฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.
This film deals with humanity's fundamental loneliness and gained great empathy.
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๊ทผ์›์  ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Jisu is researching the fundamental principle of this phenomenon.

๊ธ‰์ง„์ 

geupjjinjeok
rapid, fast
๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๊ธ‰์ง„์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค.
The development of technological civilization brought rapid change to our society.
๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ค์—ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค.
The rapid development of the economy also brought the side effect of environmental pollution.

๊ธฐ๊ต์ 

gigyojeok
sophisticated
์ด ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•„์€ ๊ธฐ๊ต์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—๋งŒ ์น˜์ค‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„์‹ฌ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
This writer's essays focused only on sophisticated writing technique and lost their sincerity.
๊ทธ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๊ต์ ์ด์–ด์„œ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ฐ๋™์€ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
His song was overly technical and failed to give deep emotion.

๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ 

gineungjeok
being functional
๋‚˜๋Š” ์น˜์•„ ๊ต์ •์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„์— ์Œ์‹์„ ์ž˜ ์”น์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์น˜์•„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
After getting my teeth straightened, I could chew food well, and the functional aspect of my teeth improved.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋” ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.
Our company values the functional aspect of equipping various performance features more than the product's design.

๊ธฐ๋ก์ 

girokjjeok
record-breaking
๊ธฐ์ƒ ์ด๋ณ€์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ํญ์„ค์ด ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค.
Due to the effects of abnormal weather, a record-breaking snowfall hit Europe.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‚˜์ด์— ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ก์  ์ ์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์šฐ์Šน์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
He competed as a national team member at a young age and won by a record-breaking score margin.

๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ 

gisuljeok
technical, technological
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์–ด ์™”๋‹ค.
Our society has undergone many changes based on technological development.
๊ณต์žฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์–ด ๋‹น๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€๋™์ด ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
A technical problem was found in the factory's machinery, so operations were suspended for the time being.

๊ธฐ์Šต์ 

giseupjjeok
surprise, sudden
๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์Šต์  ํ†ต๊ณผ์— ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Citizens protested the surprise passage of a bill with many problems.
์–ด์ œ ์˜คํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์Ÿ์•„์ง„ ๊ธฐ์Šต์ ์ธ ํญ์šฐ์— ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  ์šดํ–‰์ด ์ž ์‹œ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Subway operations were briefly suspended due to a surprise downpour that started pouring yesterday afternoon.

๊ธฐ์ ์ 

gijeokjjeok
miracle
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์ณค์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ธ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฑท๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
She badly injured her leg, but she made a miraculous recovery and was able to walk again.
์Šน๊ทœ๋Š” ์ „๊ต ๊ผด์ฐŒ์—์„œ ์ „๊ต ์ผ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ๊ธฐ์ ์  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ด๋ค˜๋‹ค.
Seunggyu made a miraculous improvement, going from last place in the whole school to first place in just half a year.

๊ธฐ์ง€

giji
wisdom, wits
๊น€ ์”จ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋‹ค์น  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์žก์•˜๋‹ค.
Mr. Kim used quick wits to catch the robber, even in a dangerous situation where he could have been hurt.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ๊ตฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์Šต ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๊ต๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถˆ์นจ๋ฒˆ์„ ์„ฐ๋‹ค.
We took turns standing night watch so the base wouldn't be caught off guard by an enemy surprise attack.

๊ธฐํ’ˆ

gipum
dignity
๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š” ์žฅ๊ตฐ์€ ์”ฉ์”ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Š ๋ฆ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The general leading the army had a bold and dignified bearing.
๋…ธ๋ถ€์ธ์˜ ์šฐ์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ •ํ•œ ์˜ท์ฐจ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๊ธฐํ’ˆ์ด ๋А๊ปด์กŒ๋‹ค.
You could feel the elegance in the old lady's graceful and tidy attire.

๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ 

gihahakjjeok
geometric (based on the study of shape)
๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์ง‘์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฒŒ์ง‘์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์€ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ ์ด๋‹ค.
The shape of a spider web or a beehive is geometric.
์œ ๋ฏผ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ž…์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Yumin wore a shirt with a geometric pattern.

๊ธฐํ–‰

gihaeng
eccentricity
๊ทธ๋Š” ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ •์‹ ์—†์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ–‰์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.
He showed an eccentric behavior of frantically turning his head while playing the piano.
๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์œ ์ ์ง€๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ–‰์„ ์ ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I traveled around historic sites in my country and wrote a historical travelogue.

๊ธฐํ˜•์ 

gihyeongjeok
deformed
์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์˜†์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์šธ์–ด์ง„ ๊ธฐํ˜•์  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ์งˆ ๋“ฏ ์•„์Šฌ์•„์Šฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.
This building looks precariously deformed, tilted to the side as if it might collapse.
์‚ฐ์—…ํ™” ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์—๋งŒ ๊ธฐํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Since industrialization, people have crowded into big cities in a lopsided, abnormal way.

๊ธธ๋‹ค

gilda
long, lengthy
์†Œ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The sleeves are too long.
๋ฉฐ์น  ์‚ฌ์ด ํ„ฑ์— ํ„ฑ์ˆ˜์—ผ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๊ธด ๋А๋‚Œ์ด๋‹ค.
It feels like my beard has grown a lot on my chin over the past few days.

๊นŒ๋ฌผ๊นŒ๋ฌผํ•˜๋‹ค

kkamulkkamulhada
to flicker, blink, glimmer
์ด›๋ถˆ์€ ๊บผ์งˆ ๋“ฏ ๋ง ๋“ฏ ๊นŒ๋ฌผ๊นŒ๋ฌผํ•˜๋”๋‹ˆ ๊ณง ๊บผ์กŒ๋‹ค.
The candlelight flickered as if it were about to go out, and soon it did.
๊นŒ๋ฌผ๊นŒ๋ฌผํ•œ ๋“ฑ๋ถˆ์€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ถˆ์ž ๊ณง ๊บผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค.
The dimly glimmering lantern looked like it would go out the moment the wind blew.

๊น”๊น”ํ•˜๋‹ค

kkalkkalhada
rough, coarse
๋”์šด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ด๋ฉด ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๊น”๊น”ํ•œ ๋ชจ์‹œ ์ ์‚ผ์„ ์ž…์—ˆ๋‹ค.
In the hot summer, Grandfather wore a rough ramie jacket.
์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊น”๊น”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ํ„ฐ๋œจ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
My friends suddenly burst into loud laughter.

๊นœ์ง

kkamjjak
with a startle
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ฐพ์•„์˜จ ์†๋‹˜์— ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค.
I was startled by the guest who suddenly showed up.
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๋ˆˆ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊นœ์ง ๊ฐ์•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋œฐ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋‘๊ทผ๋Œ”๋‹ค.
My heart raced every time she blinked her big eyes once.

๊นœ์ง๊นœ์ง

kkamjjakkkamjjak
with repeated startles
๋‚ด ๋™์ƒ์€ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์—๋„ ๊นœ์ง๊นœ์ง ์ž˜ ๋†€๋ผ๊ณค ํ•œ๋‹ค.
My little sibling often gets startled easily, even at small sounds.
์ž๊พธ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊นœ์ง๊นœ์ง ๊นœ๋นก์ด์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
Please stop blinking your eyes over and over.

๊ป„๊ป„ํ•˜๋‹ค

kkeolkkeolhada
to guffaw, roar with laughter
์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ๋ฏผ์ค€์ด์˜ ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์— ๊ป„๊ป„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ํ„ฐ๋œจ๋ฆฌ์…จ๋‹ค.
The teacher roared with laughter at Minjun's silly answer.
์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„์„ ์‹๋‹น ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์ผํ•œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์†์€ ๊ป„๊ป„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
My mother's hands, from decades of working in a restaurant kitchen, were nothing but rough.

๊ผฌ๋ฐ•

kkobak
whole, full (of time spent)
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ˜๋‚˜์ ˆ์„ ๊ผฌ๋ฐ• ๊ฑธ์€ ๋์— ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
We finally reached our destination after walking a full half day straight from dawn.
์•„์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค์–ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ผฌ๋ฐ• ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The child bowed shyly with a nod in greeting.

๊ผฌ๋นก

kkoppak
whole, full (of time spent)
์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋А๋ผ ๋ฐค์„ ๊ผฌ๋นก ์ƒˆ์› ๋‹ค.
My friend and I stayed up the whole night talking about everything we hadn't gotten to say.
๊ทธ ํ›„๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ผฌ๋นก ์ธ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The junior gave me a quick bow as they left the room.

๊ผญ

kkok
without fail, certainly
๊ทธ ์€ํ–‰์€ ์ผ์š”์ผ์ด๋ฉด ๊ผญ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ๋Š”๋‹ค.
That bank always closes without fail on Sundays.
์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ๋งŒ๋‚œ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์›€์— ๋‘ ์†์„ ๊ผญ ์žก์•˜๋‹ค.
The two, meeting for the first time in ten years, clasped hands tightly out of joy.

๊ผญ๊ผญ

kkokkkok
firmly, tightly (repeatedly)
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฅ์„ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๊ผญ๊ผญ ์”น์–ด ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I chewed my food slowly and thoroughly.
์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ผญ๊ผญ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
Please always double-check the phone number.

๊ผด

kkol
shape, look, sight
๊ทธ ์ฑ…์ƒ์€ ๋„ค๋ชจ๋‚œ ๊ผด์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
That desk was square in shape.
์˜์ˆ˜๋Š” ์†ก์•„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋จน๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋„๋ก ๊ผด์„ ์ž˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Yeongsu chopped up the fodder finely so the calf could eat it easily.

๊ฝํ•˜๋‹ค

kkonghada
to hold a grudge, be sulky
์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ™”๋‚ธ ์ผ์„ ์ผ์ผ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋‹ด์•„๋‘˜ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฝํ•œ ๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
My wife has a sulky streak โ€” she holds onto every time I've gotten angry.
๊ฝํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊น€ ๋…ธ์ธ์€ ๊ฑธํ•ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Old Mr. Kim, who had a narrow-minded personality, used to quarrel with the villagers over the smallest things.

๊ฝ

kkwang
losing lot, blank (in a drawing/lottery)
๊ฝ! ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐํšŒ์—.
A blank! Maybe next time.
๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์œ„๋กœ ๊ฝ ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋Œ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ํฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
A large rock fell onto a car driving on the road with a loud bang, causing a serious accident.

๊พธ๋ฒ…๊พธ๋ฒ…

kkubeokkkubeok
with repeated nods
์•„์ด๋Š” ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊พธ๋ฒ…๊พธ๋ฒ… ์ธ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The child bowed repeatedly in greeting to the neighbors.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์Šค๋‹˜์˜ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•„๋ฌด ๋ง ์•Š๊ณ  ๊พธ๋ฒ…๊พธ๋ฒ… ์‚ฐ๊ธธ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
He silently followed the monk, obediently climbing the mountain path.

๊ฟํ•˜๋‹ค

kkunghada
sullen, moody
์œ ๋ฏผ์ด๋Š” ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ์•ˆ ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฟํ•œ ํ‘œ์ •์„ ์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Yumin was making a sullen face, as if something was bothering her.
์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ์•ˆ ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ช‡ ๋‚  ๋ฉฐ์น  ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฟํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
My wife, for some reason unhappy, has been sulking without a word for several days.

๋ผ์ ๋ผ์ 

kkijeokkkijeok
scribbly, in a scribbling manner
๋ฏผ์ค€์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋…ธํŠธ์— ๋ผ์ ๋ผ์  ๋‚™์„œ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Minjun scribbled doodles in his notebook the whole class.
๋‚˜๋Š” ์Œ์‹์ด ๋ง›์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ๋ผ์ ๋ผ์  ๋จน๋Š” ์‹œ๋Љ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The food didn't taste good, so I just picked at it, pretending to eat.

๋‚˜์ž‡์‚ด

naitssal
mature age (disparaging)
๋‚˜์ž‡์‚ด์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฝค ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋…€์„์ด ์•„์ง๋„ ์ •์‹ ์„ ๋ชป ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…€?
That guy, who's supposedly old enough to know better, is still acting so immature?
๋งˆํ”์ด ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋‹ˆ ์‚ผ์ดŒ๋„ ๋‚˜์ž‡์‚ด์ด ์ช„์„œ ํ›„๋•ํ•œ ์ธ์ƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Now past forty, my uncle has put on some age-related weight and looks more amiable.

๋‚™๊ด€

nakkkwan
optimism
๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์‚ด ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‚™๊ด€์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
He held onto optimism, believing this world was still worth living in.
๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚™๊ด€์„ ์ฐ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I finally stamped my seal on the work I had poured my heart into.

๋‚™๊ด€์ 

nakkkwanjeok
being positive, optimistic
๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•ด๋„ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ž˜์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค.
Even though he was poor, he lived optimistically, believing he'd do well someday.
์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚™๊ด€์  ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์‚ฌ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ํฌ๋ง์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
With an optimistic attitude toward life, he approached everything positively and hopefully.

๋‚™์ฒœ์ 

nakcheonjeok
optimistic
ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฐ๊ฒŒ ์›ƒ๋Š” ์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‚™์ฒœ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ์ž์ด๋‹ค.
Jisu, who always smiles brightly, has an optimistic personality.
์Šน๊ทœ๋Š” ๋‚™์ฒœ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ์—†์–ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.
Maybe because Seunggyu has an optimistic personality, he seems worry-free.

๋‚ซ๋‹ค

nattta
better
์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์ด ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ซ๋„ค์š”.
This piece is the best among these.
๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ๋‚˜์•„๋„ ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ฐœ ์—†์ด ๊ฑท๊ธฐ๋Š” ํž˜๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Even after the broken leg fully heals, it will be hard to walk without crutches for a while.

๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ 

nangmanjeok
romantic
ํฐ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์ธ ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๋‚ญ๋งŒ์  ํ’๊ฒฝ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์˜€๋‹ค.
The world covered in white snow was a romantic scene in itself.
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฒ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
In my naive younger days, I thought of marriage only in a romantic way.

๋‚ด๋ง‰

naemak
internal membrane
์ข…์–‘์ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ ๋‚ด๋ง‰์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์นจ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
If a tumor irritates the bronchial membrane, it causes frequent coughing.
๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด๋ง‰์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As the prosecution's investigation proceeds, the detailed inside story of the case is coming to light.

๋‚ด๋ฉด์ 

naemyeonjeok
internal (mental, psychological)
์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ง์ด ์„œํˆด๋Ÿฌ์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์ž˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.
Children aren't skilled with words, so they can't express their internal conflicts well.
์ด ์ฑ…์€ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ž๊ธฐ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
This book talks about internal, essential self-reflection.

๋‚ด์‹ค

naesil
main room (of the lady of the house)
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ‹ˆ๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋‚ด์‹ค์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผ์ž๋งŒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์‹ ๋‹ค.
Whenever she has a spare moment, my mother goes into her room and spends time alone.
์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜ํ™”์ œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์„ ๋นผ๊ณ  ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ ๋‚ด์‹ค์„ ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
This year's film festival cut the fluff, scaled down, and focused on real substance.

๋‚ด์ 

naejeok
internal
ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ด์  ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To maintain the company's security, internal regulations need to be strengthened further.
์ด ์ง‘์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜๋ผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํŠผํŠผํ•œ ์ง‘์ด๋‹ค.
This house looks old, but internally it's a very sturdy house.

๋‚ดํ–ฅ์ 

naehyangjeok
introverted
์ฒญ๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์ธ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹๋‹ค.
For cleanliness, an inward-facing structure surrounded by other spaces is good.
๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค.
Insects design their homes to face inward to protect themselves.

๋ƒ‰๋Œ€

naengdae
unkind treatment, cold shoulder
์ „๊ณผ์ž ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ์„ ๋ƒ‰๋Œ€ ์†์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Having a criminal record, he had to live his whole life amid cold treatment from others.
๋ƒ‰๋Œ€ ๊ธฐํ›„์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šธ์€ ์ถฅ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์€ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๋‹ค.
This country, close to a subpolar climate, has cold winters and warm summers.

๋ƒ‰์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค

naengjeonghada
cold, callous, indifferent
์–ธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์Œ€์Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ƒ‰์ •ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์ค€๋‹ค.
My older sister often hurts people because of her cold, aloof personality.
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ƒ‰์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Jisu calmly evaluated and reflected on her own mistakes.

๋„ท์งธ

netjjae
fourth (numeral)
๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋“ค ๋‘˜ ๋”ธ ๋‘˜์ธ ํ˜•์ œ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ง‰๋‚ด์ธ ๋„ท์งธ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
Among my siblings โ€” two sons and two daughters โ€” I was born the fourth, the youngest.
ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ช…์˜ ๋”ธ ์ค‘ ๋„ท์งธ ๋”ธ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์…จ๋‹ค.
My grandmother was born the fourth of five daughters.
์ด ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋กœ ๋„ท์งธ๋‚˜ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
This movie is so much fun that today makes the fourth time I've watched it.

๋†ˆ

nom
fellow, guy (informal, of a rival)
๋†ˆ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”์ง ์ซ“๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
That guy is right on our tail.
ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์˜ˆ์˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฒ„๋ฅด์žฅ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์—†๋Š” ๋†ˆ์ด๋ผ๋ฉฐ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์…จ๋‹ค.
My grandfather got angry at the rude young men, calling them ill-mannered guys.

๋†

nong
nong, joke, banter
์•„์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์„ ํšŒ๊ด€์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ๋†์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊น”๊น”๊ฑฐ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
The women gathered at the village hall, cracking light jokes with each other and laughing.
๋ฐฉ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†์— ๊ฒจ์šธ์˜ท๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I sorted the winter clothes and put them away in the chest in my room.

๋Šฅ๋ฅ ์ 

neungnyuljeok
being efficient
๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์นจ์— ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Šฅ๋ฅ ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
I think working in the morning is the most efficient.
๊ทธ ๋ฒ•๋ น์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ฅ ์  ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
That law restricted companies' efficient activities.

๋‹ค

da
all, everything (noun)
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ˆ์˜ ๋‹ค์ด๋‹ค.
This is all the money I have right now.
๋ฏผ์ค€์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํŒŒ์„œ ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋‚จ๊น€์—†์ด ๋‹ค ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Minjun was so hungry that he ate all of his food, leaving nothing behind.

๋‹ค๊ฐ์ 

dagakjjeok
many-sided, multilateral (modifier)
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์›ƒ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ด€๊ด‘ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค๊ฐ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
We are exchanging with neighboring countries in various fields such as culture and tourism.
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์šด๋™ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋‹ค๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Ahead of the election, they discussed their campaign strategy from multiple angles.

๋‹ค๋ฉด์ 

damyeonjeok
multifaceted (modifier)
๊ทธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฉด์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ฝ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The company achieved great success by developing a drug with multifaceted effects.
๊ทธ ์ž์‚ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ ์šด์šฉ์„ ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค.
That financial advisor analyzes the economic situation from multiple angles to help clients manage their assets.

๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ

daseotjjae
fifth (numeral)
๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค ํ˜•์ œ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ง‰๋‚ด์ธ ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
I was born the fifth, the youngest among five siblings.
์œก ๋‚จ๋งค ์ค‘ ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ ๋™์ƒ๋งŒ ํ™€๋กœ ๋‚จ์ž์ด๋‹ค.
Among six siblings, only the fifth-born is a boy.
์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ผ๋ฉด์„ ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค.
This is the fifth time I've eaten ramyeon for lunch just this week.

๋‹ค์›๋ก ์ 

dawollonjeok
pluralistic (modifier)
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์–‘ ๊ทน๋‹จ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ๋‹ค์›๋ก ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Our society needs pluralistic thinking that moves away from confrontation between two extremes.
๊ทธ ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณ ์ • ๊ด€๋…์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์›๋ก ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.
That sculptor created many creative works with an experimental spirit that transcended stereotypes and a pluralistic view of the world.

๋‹จ๊ณ„์ 

dangyejeok
phased, gradual (modifier)
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •ํ•ด ๋†“์€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ๊ณต์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
Our factory manufactures products following a set phased process.
์šด๋™์ด ์„œํˆฌ๋ฅธ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋งค์ผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ ค ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
Jisu, who wasn't skilled at exercise, gradually increased her exercise amount little by little every day.

๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ 

dangijeok
short-term (modifier)
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋งค์ถœ์„ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Our company's short-term goal is to double sales this year.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ด์ต๋งŒ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋А๋ผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์—๋Š” ์†Œํ™€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Our company has neglected investment for long-term growth while only pursuing short-term profits.

๋‹จ๋ฉด์ 

danmyeonjeok
fragmentary (modifier)
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด๋Š” ์—ฐ์˜ˆ์ธ์˜ ํ™”๋ คํ•จ์€ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์  ๋ชจ์Šต์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค.
The glamour of celebrities that we see is nothing more than a fragmentary image.
๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ž˜๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
That broadcaster reported only the successful parts of the event in a one-sided way.
์ง์œก๋ฉด์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฉด๊ณผ ํ‰ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฅธ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ ์€ ์–ด๋””๋“  ๋„“์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
In a rectangular cuboid, the cross-sectional area cut parallel to one face is the same everywhere.

๋‹จ์„ ์ 

danseonjeok
linear, simplistic (modifier)
๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ทน์€ ๋‹จ์„ ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ๋А๋‚Œ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The play has a linear structure, so it feels a bit boring.
๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค.
If you look at a complex problem only in a simplistic way, you can't handle it properly.

๋‹จ์‹ 

dansin
being alone
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋”ฑํžˆ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋‹จ์‹ ์ด๋‹ค.
I am alone, with no family in particular to support.
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์‹ ์ธ ๋ฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๊ตด๋„ ๋™์•ˆ์ด์–ด์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‚˜์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์–ด๋ ค ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.
Jisu was short in stature and also had a baby face, so she looked much younger than her actual age.
์‹ ๋ฌธ ํ•œ์ชฝ ๊ตฌ์„์— ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๋‹จ์‹  ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์งค๋ง‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹ค๋ ค ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
A short news brief was printed in one corner of the newspaper.

๋‹จ์ 

danjeok
straightforward, point-blank (modifier)
๊ทธ ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The instructor pointed out the problems of university education by giving a few straightforward examples.
๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Through his actions all along, he clearly showed his love for me.

๋‹จ์ •์ 

danjeongjeok
conclusive, definite (modifier)
ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์šฉ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ •์  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋†“์•˜๋‹ค.
After finding solid evidence, the detective made a definite conclusion that the suspect was the culprit.
์œ ๋ฏผ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ค€์ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ผ์„ ๋ง์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง€์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Yumin definitively concluded that Minjun would ruin this matter.

๋‹จํŽธ

danpyeon
fragment, fraction
์˜› ๋ฒฝํ™”์˜ ๋‹จํŽธ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜๋งˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Just by looking at a fragment of the old mural, you can get a small glimpse of that era.
๋‚˜๋Š” ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋‹ค ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จํŽธ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
I like short stories that I can finish reading in a short time.

๋‹จํŽธ์ 

danpyeonjeok
being fragmentary
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ๋‹จํŽธ์ ์ธ ์žฅ๋ฉด๋“ค๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Jisu only remembered fragmentary scenes of the incident.
๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จํŽธ์  ๊ธฐ๋ก์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค.
Simply filming a video is nothing more than a fragmentary record.

๋‹ฌ๋ž‘

dallang
feebly, lightly dangling
๋‚˜๋ญ‡๊ฐ€์ง€์—๋Š” ์žŽ์‚ฌ๊ท€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋งŒ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ž‘ ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Only a few leaves were dangling lightly from the branch.
์ง€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ์†์—๋Š” ํ•„ํ†ต๋งŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋‹ฌ๋ž‘ ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Jisu's bag had only a single pencil case in it.

๋Œ€๊ฑฐ

daegeo
in great numbers (adverb)
์ธ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์˜ˆ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๊ฑฐ ์ถœ์—ฐํ•œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ณต์—ฐ์— ๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ชฐ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
A large crowd flocked to this performance, in which popular celebrities appeared in great numbers.
๋ช…์ ˆ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค.
During the holidays, people visit their hometowns in great numbers.

๋Œ€๋‹ด

daedam
boldness, daring
๊น€ ์‚ฌ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์€ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋Œ€๋‹ด์ด๋‹ค.
President Kim's management philosophy is unwavering courage and boldness.
์ด๋ฒˆ ์ „์‹œํšŒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊น€ ๊ต์ˆ˜์™€์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We will find out the meaning of this exhibition through a conversation with Professor Kim.

๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋‹ค

daedamhada
brave, bold
์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ํšŒ์žฅ๋‹˜ ์•ž์—์„œ๋„ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ธฐ์ฃฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ•  ๋ง์„ ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž์ด๋‹ค.
My wife is a bold woman who says everything she wants to say without being intimidated, even in front of the chairman.
๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ต์œก ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ต์œก์ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The reporter discussed with education experts the direction our education should take in the future.

๋Œ€๋Œ€์ 

daedaejeok
big, extensive, large-scale (modifier)
์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ์†Œ๊ฐ์žฅ ์„ค์น˜์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋Œ€์  ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ์˜€๋‹ค.
Residents staged a large-scale protest against the installation of a garbage incinerator near the apartments.
์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋œ ๊น€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์†Œ์„ค์€ ์žก์ง€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™๋ณด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Writer Kim's newly published novel was extensively promoted through magazine articles and newspapers.

๋Œ€๋žต์ 

daeryakjjeok
outline, summary (noun)
์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฌํ–‰์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
My friend gave me a general outline of information about the travel destination.
์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Œ€๋žต์  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
My friend gave me a general account of what had happened to him.

๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์ 

daeripjjeok
confrontational, opposing (modifier)
์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์  ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์ „๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
This work develops conflict by setting up opposing characters.
์„ ๊ณผ ์•…์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ์˜จ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‹ค.
Good and evil are concepts that have been viewed as opposing until now.

๋Œ€์ˆ˜

daesu
big deal, something important
ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์šฐ์Šต๊ฒŒ ์•„๋Š” ์• ๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ˆ?
Do you think a kid who looks down on school would think of a teacher as a big deal?
ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋Š” ์Šน๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ž ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ ธ๋‹ค.
As passengers kept increasing, the airline increased the number of aircraft.

๋Œ€์—ฟ

daeyeot
about five or six (numeral)
์žฅ์ • ๋Œ€์—ฟ์ด ๋ชจ์ด์ž ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋Œ๋ฒ…์ ํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
When about five or six young men gathered, the atmosphere became noisy.
๋‚˜๋Š” ์†Œ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์—ฟ ์ž” ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ์ทจํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค.
I got drunk after drinking about five or six glasses of soju.

๋Œ€์นญ์ 

daechingjeok
symmetrical (modifier)
๋Œ€์นญ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋„ฃ์–ด๋„ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
Two objects in a symmetrical relationship look the same even when swapped.
์ด ์ ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์นญ์ ์ธ ํ‰๋ฉด์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The main buildings of this temple form a symmetrical layout.

๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ 

daepyojeok
representative, typical (modifier)
์ž๋™์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค.
The automobile is a representative invention of this century.
๋ถํ•œ์€ ์ฟ ๋ฐ”์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ํ์‡„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ผฝํžŒ๋‹ค.
North Korea, along with Cuba, is counted as a representative closed country.

๋„๋„ํ•˜๋‹ค

dodohada
haughty
์šฐ์•„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋„๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ์™ธ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Jisu's elegant yet haughty appearance was very charming.
์ด ๊ณ„๊ณก์€ ๋ฌผ์‚ด์ด ๋„๋„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋†€๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.
This valley's current flows so powerfully that it looked dangerous to swim in.

๋„๋„ํžˆ

dodohi
haughtily, arrogantly
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์•ž์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋„๋„ํžˆ ๊ตด์ง€ ๋ง์•„๋ผ.
Don't act so haughtily in front of people.
๋„๋„ํžˆ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ค„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ํƒ ํŠธ์ด๋Š” ๋“ฏํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Watching the powerfully flowing stream made me feel refreshed.

๋…๋‹จ์ 

dokttanjeok
arbitrary; dogmatic
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…๋‹จ์  ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ผ์‚ผ์•˜๋‹ค.
He used his high position to habitually make arbitrary decisions.
์ค‘๋Œ€์žฅ์€ ๋ถ€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋…๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The company commander tried to run the unit arbitrarily according to his own judgment alone.

๋…๋ฆฝ์ 

dongnipjjeok
independent
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋…๋ฆฝ์  ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค.
I am an independent individual who must live my own life on my own terms.
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
I like living independently, without being interfered with by others.

๋…์„ ์ 

doksseonjeok
self-righteousness
๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ๋…๋‹จ์ , ๋…์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋˜ ์ด์žฅ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ•ด์ž„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The president who ran the university in an arbitrary, self-righteous way was eventually dismissed.
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์—๋„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ์˜ณ๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ๋…์„ ์  ํƒœ๋„๋กœ ์ผ๊ด€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Despite others' opposition, Jisu kept up a self-righteous attitude, insisting her own claim was correct.

๋™์ 

dongjeok
dynamic
ํƒˆ์ถค์ด๋‚˜ ๋†์•… ๋†€์ด๋Š” ํฅ๊ฒจ์šด ๋™์  ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ๋งŽ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต ๋†€์ด์ด๋‹ค.
Mask dance and nongak (farmers' music) are traditional Korean games with a lot of lively, dynamic movement.
์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„๋™๋“ค์€ ์ƒ‰๊ฐ์ด ํ™”๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋™์ ์ธ ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Young children tend to like dynamic toys that are colorful and have a lot of movement.

๋‘˜์งธ

duljjae
second (numeral)
๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋”์›Œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ์€ ๋‘˜์งธ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์— ํ’๋ฉ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
It was so hot that sightseeing at the beach came second โ€” I just wanted to jump into the water.
์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ผ ํ˜•์ œ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋‘˜์งธ ์•„๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฏฟ์œผ์‹ ๋‹ค.
Among us three brothers, my father trusts the second son the most.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํฐ๋ฉฐ๋А๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์จ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋‘˜์งธ ๋‚ณ์•˜๋‹ค.
Our eldest daughter-in-law has already given birth to her second child.

๋งŒ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค

manmanhada
easy (to handle)
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ์ด ๋งŒ๋งŒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.
Citizens' backlash against the introduction of the new system is not easy to handle.
์ดˆ์กฐํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์€ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ๋งŒ๋งŒํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋กœ ์‹œํ•ฉ์— ์ž„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Unlike me, who was anxious, my opponent faced the match with a generously confident attitude.

๋งŒ์„ฑ์ 

manseongjeok
chronic
๋„๋กœ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋งŒ์„ฑ์  ๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด์ฆ์ด ํ•ด์†Œ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Once the road-widening construction is finished, the chronic traffic congestion will be resolved.
์ด ๊ธธ์€ ์ถœํ‡ด๊ทผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋งŒ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ๋ณ‘๋ชฉ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋‹ค.
This road is a place where a chronic bottleneck occurs during commuting hours.

๋ง๋˜ฅ๋ง๋˜ฅํ•˜๋‹ค

malttongmalttonghada
to stare with eyes wide open
์•„์ด๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋ง๋˜ฅ๋ง๋˜ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œจ๊ณ  ์—„๋งˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The child stared wide-eyed and talked back to her mother.
์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ง๋˜ฅ๋ง๋˜ฅํ•œ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์˜ ์ฒซ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The children listened to the teacher's first-love story with bright, wide-awake eyes.

๋งคํ˜น์ 

maehokjjeok
captivating; fascinating
๊ทธ ํ™”๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ๋งคํ˜น์  ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ƒ์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์— ํŒ”๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
That painter's works have a captivating atmosphere, so they always sell for prices beyond imagination.
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋ฉด ๋งคํ˜น์ ์ธ ํ–ฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฟŒ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
Whenever Jisu went out to meet her boyfriend, she wore perfume with a captivating scent.

๋งน๋งนํ•˜๋‹ค

maengmaenghada
bland; insipid
๊ทธ ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋งน๋งนํ•œ ๋ง›์ด ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
The drink wasn't sweet and tasted bland.
์—ฌ์ž ์•„๋‚˜์šด์„œ๋Š” ๋งน๋งนํ•œ ๋น„์Œ์„ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
The female announcer had a stuffy, nasal voice.

๋งน๋ชฉ์ 

maengmokjjeok
blind; unconditional
์‹๋ฏผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋งน๋ชฉ์  ๋ณต์ข…์„ ๊ฐ•์š”๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Once a country becomes a colony, it is forced into blind obedience.
์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ ธ์„œ ์ด์„ฑ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ๋งน๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น ์ ธ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
When it comes to someone you love, everything can seem good, so you may lose your reason and become blindly absorbed.

๋ฉ€๋‹ค

meolda
far; distant
๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฉ€๊ฒŒ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์„œ ๊ณต์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The two of them were playing catch, standing far apart from each other.
์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋ฉ€์–ด ์•ž์ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
My father went blind from an accident and cannot see.

๋ช…์ƒ์ 

myeongsangjeok
meditative
๋…์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ช…์ƒ์  ์ง€ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Through this book, readers came to realize meditative wisdom.
๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์Œ์•…์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ช…์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
That friend's music sounds very impressive and meditative.

๋ช…์‹œ์ 

myeongsijeok
being stated clearly
๋ฏธ์„ฑ๋…„์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์˜ ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋™์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
When a minor gets married, the explicit consent of their parents is required.
์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ์— ๋ช…์‹œ์  ์–ธ๊ธ‰์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
There was no explicit mention of this matter in the contract.

๋ชจ์ˆœ์ 

mosunjeok
being contradictory
์ข‹์€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ํŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์ธ ๋ง์ด๋‹ค.
Saying you sell high-quality products cheaply is a contradictory statement.
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ชฉ ์†์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์˜ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„๋‚œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
He criticized the contradictory class structure that exists under the pretense of being a democratic nation.

๋ชจ์š•์ 

moyokjjeok
insulting
์œ ๋ฏผ์€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ฒ™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ชจ์š•์  ํ–‰๋™์— ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
Yumin was angry at his insulting behavior of pretending not to know her even though he saw her.
๋ฏผ์ค€์€ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ์š•์ ์ธ ์š•์„ค์„ ํผ๋ถ“๋Š” ๊น€ ์”จ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Minjun ignored Mr. Kim's words as he hurled insulting curses at him.

๋ชจํ—˜์ 

moheomjeok
adventurous
ํ˜•์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๊ฒฝ์ฃผ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจํ—˜์  ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธด๋‹ค.
My older brother enjoys adventurous sports like car racing or hunting.
๋ชจํ—˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
An adventurous and daring person is not afraid to start something new.

๋ชฉ๊ฐ€์ 

mokkkajeok
pastoral
์ด ์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ๊ณจ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ๋ชฉ๊ฐ€์  ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•œ ์‹œ์–ด๋กœ ์ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‚ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค.
This poem is a work that vividly depicts the pastoral atmosphere of a mountain village with delicate poetic language.
๋†์ดŒ ํ’๊ฒฝ์€ ๋ฐ”์œ ๋†์‚ฌ์ผ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ชฉ๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.
Aside from the busy farm work, the rural scenery looks quiet and pastoral.

๋ชฐ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์ 

molgaeseongjeok
depersonalized
์†Œ์„ค์—์„œ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ธ๊ฒฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ชฐ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์  ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ค„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
In the novel, the characters are treated as a depersonalized crowd rather than individuals with distinct personalities.
์œ ํ–‰์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ท์— ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋ฉ˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชฐ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.
The students, wearing the same clothes and carrying the same bags to follow the trend, looked completely lacking in individuality.

๋ชฝํ™˜์ 

monghwanjeok
dreamlike; dreamy
์‚ฌ์ง„ ์†์˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์š”์—ผํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ชฝํ™˜์  ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
In the photo, she was radiating a dreamlike charm that looked both pure and alluring.
์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ์ˆฒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ชฝํ™˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๋น„๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
This painting expresses the appearance of the forest in a dreamlike and mysterious way.

๋ฌด๊ณ ํ•˜๋‹ค

mugohada
trouble-free
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„๋ก ์žฌ์‚ฐ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง‘์•ˆ์ด ๋ฌด๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋‹คํ–‰์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Although I didn't have much wealth, I thought it was fortunate enough that my family was living peacefully without trouble.
๊ทธ ํ•™์‚ด์€ ๋ฌด๊ณ ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ์กฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃฝ์—ฌ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
That massacre was a terrible incident that killed even innocent civilians without exception.
Practice for free in the app โ†’