Korean vocabulary โ Qualities & Traits 4
300 words from the "Qualities & Traits 4" theme, with romanization, meaning, and example sentences where available.
์ ์์
jeonwijeok
avant-garde; vanguard-like
๊ตฐ์ค๋ค์ ์ ์์ ํ๋์ ํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ฆฌ๋๋ก ์ธ์ ๋ค.
The crowd made the person who acted like a vanguard leader their leader.
๊ทธ ํ๊ฐ๋ ์ ์์ ์ธ ์ํ์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ช
ํด์.
That painter is famous for avant-garde works.
์ด ๊ณต์ฐ์ ์์
์ ๊ฝค ์ ์์ ์ด์์ด์.
The music in this performance was quite avant-garde.
์ ํต์
jeontongjeok
traditional
ํ๊ตญ์ ์ ํต์ ์ธ ์์ต๊ด์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ ๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ์์นจ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋จน๋๋ค.
Minjun, who follows traditional Korean eating habits, eats his biggest meal at breakfast.
์ค๋ ์๋ ์ ํต์ ์ธ ์์์ ๋จน์ด์.
On Lunar New Year, we eat traditional food.
์ด ๋ง์์ ์ ํต์ ์ผ๋ก ๋์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค์ด ์์ด์.
This village has traditionally made pottery.
์ ํญ์
jeonpokjjeok
full; wholehearted
ํ๊ต ์ถ์ ๋ฅผ ์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ผ๋ก ์น๋ฅด์ง ์ํด์๋ ํ์๋ค์ ์ ํญ์ ํ์กฐ๊ฐ ํ์ํ๋ค.
The students' full cooperation is needed to hold a successful school festival.
๊ฐ์กฑ์ ์ ํญ์ ์ธ ์ง์ง ๋๋ถ์ ์ฑ๊ณตํ์ด์.
I succeeded thanks to my family's wholehearted support.
ํ์ฌ๋ ์ด ํ๋ก์ ํธ๋ฅผ ์ ํญ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ง์ํ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ์ด์.
The company decided to fully support this project.
์ ํฅ์
jeonhyangjeok
forward-looking; progressive
์ค๋๋ ๊ฐ๋ฑ์ ํด๊ฒฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ์ ํฅ์ ์์ธ๋ก ์๋๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋ง์ฃผํ ํ์๊ฐ ์๋ค.
To resolve a long-standing conflict, one needs to face the other side with a forward-looking attitude.
์ ๋ถ๊ฐ ์ ํฅ์ ์ธ ํ๋๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์์ํ์ด์.
The government began to show a forward-looking attitude.
๊ทธ ์ ์์ ์ ํฅ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒํ ํด ์ฃผ์๊ฒ ์ด์?
Could you review that proposal in a positive light?
์ ํ์
jeonhyeongjeok
typical; classic
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ํ๋์ด ๋ฐ๋ฏํ๊ณ ๊ณต๋ถ๋ ์ํ๋ ์ ํ์ ๋ชจ๋ฒ์์ด๋ค.
Yumin is a typical model student, well-behaved and good at studying.
์ด๊ฑด ์ ํ์ ์ธ ์ฌ๋ฆ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์ฆ์์ด์์.
These are typical summer cold symptoms.
๊ทธ ์ํ๋ ์ ํ์ ์ธ ํดํผ์๋ฉ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฌ์ด์.
That movie ended with a classic happy ending.
์ ๋์
jeoldaejeok
absolute
์ง๋ ์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋ค์๊ฒ ์ ๋์ ์ธ ์ง์ง๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ ๋ถ์ด ๋ํต๋ น์ด ๋์๋ค.
The person who received absolute support from the people in the last election became president.
์์ด์๊ฒ ๋ถ๋ชจ๋ ์ ๋์ ์ธ ์กด์ฌ์์.
To a child, parents are absolute figures.
์ด๋ฒ ์ผ์ ์ ๋์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ฐ์ด ๋ถ์กฑํด์.
For this job, there's absolutely not enough time.
์ ์ง์
jeomjinjeok
gradual
์ ๋ถ๋ ์๋ก์ด ์ ๋๋ฅผ ์ ์ง์ ์ผ๋ก ์ํํ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ๋ค.
The government decided to implement the new system gradually.
์ธ๊ตญ์ด ์ค๋ ฅ์ ์ ์ง์ ์ผ๋ก ๋์ด์.
Foreign language skills improve gradually.
ํ์์ ์ํ๊ฐ ์ ์ง์ ์ธ ํ๋ณต์ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์์ด์.
The patient's condition is showing gradual recovery.
์ ๊ท์
jeonggyujeok
regular; formal
์ด๋จธ๋๊ป์๋ ์ ๊ท์ ๊ฒ์ง์ ํตํด ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌํ๊ณ ๊ณ์ ๋ค.
My mother manages her health through regular check-ups.
๊ทธ๋ ์์
์ ์ ๊ท์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐฐ์ด ์ ์ด ์์ด์.
He has never formally studied music.
์ด ๋ชจ์์ ์ ๊ท์ ์ธ ์ผ์ ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋ ค์.
This meeting is held on a regular schedule.
์ ๊ธฐ์
jeonggijeok
periodic; regular
๊ฑด๊ฐ ๊ฒ์ง์ ๊ฑด๊ฐํ ๋ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ข๋ค.
It's best to get regular health check-ups while you're healthy.
์ด ์ก์ง๋ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ง์ ๋ฐฐ๋ฌ๋ผ์.
This magazine is delivered to my home regularly.
์ฐจ๋ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฐ์์ผ ํด์.
A car needs regular inspections.
์ ๋ต์
jeongnyakjjeok
politically calculated; strategic
๊น ๋๊ฐ์ ๋ธ์ ์ธ๋๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฐํผ์์ผ ์ ๋ต์ ์ธ ์ด๋์ ์ป๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค.
Lord Kim wanted to gain political advantage by marrying his daughter to a powerful family.
๊ทธ ๋ฒ์์ ์ ๋ต์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ง๋ค์ด์ก์ด์.
That bill was drafted for politically calculated purposes.
์ ๊ฑฐ ์ ์ ์ ๋ต์ ๋ฐ์ธ์ด ๋ง์์ก์ด์.
Politically calculated remarks increased before the election.
์ ๋ ฅ์
jeongnyeokjjeok
energetic; vigorous
๊น ๊ต์๋ ์ก์ญ์ด ๋์ ๋์ด์๋ ํ๊ณ์์ ์ ๋ ฅ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ ์ค์ด๋ค.
Professor Kim is still energetically active in academia even past the age of sixty.
๊ทธ๋ ์ํด ํ์๋ ์ ๋ ฅ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ํด์.
Even after retiring, he is vigorously active.
์ ๋ํ๋ ์์ฃผ ์ ๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ฌ๋์ด์์.
The new CEO is a very energetic person.
์ ์์
jeongsangjeok
normal
ํ์ฌ์ ๋ชจ๋ ์ ์ฐจ๊ฐ ์ ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์งํ๋๊ณ ์๋ค.
All the procedures of the event are proceeding normally.
๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ ์ง๊ธ ์ ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ดํํ๊ณ ์๋์?
Are the trains running normally now?
๊ฒ์ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์ ์์ ์ด์์ด์.
All the test results were normal.
์ ์
jeongjeok
political opponent, rival
์ง์ง์๊ฐ ๋ง์ ๊น ์์์ ๊ทธ๋งํผ ์ ์ ๋ ๋ง์๋ค.
Representative Kim, who had many supporters, also had just as many political opponents.
์ฌ๋์ ์ ์ฒด๋ ์ ์ ๊ท ํ๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ๋์ ๊ท ํ๋ ์ค์ํ๋ค.
For the human body, dynamic balance is just as important as static balance.
์ ํต์
jeongtongjeok
conventional, orthodox, authentic
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ ํต์ ํด์์ผ๋ก ๊ณ ์ ์ฐ๊ทน์ ๊ณต์ฐํ์๋ค.
We performed the classical play using a conventional interpretation.
์ด ์๋น์ ์ ํต์ ์ธ ์ดํ๋ฆฌ์ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ์์.
This restaurant sells authentic Italian food.
๊ทธ๋ ์ ํต์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ํ๊ถ๋๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ฅด์ณ์.
He teaches taekwondo in the orthodox way.
์ ํ์
jehanjeok
limited, restricted
์ฌ์ฑ ๋จ์ฒด๊ฐ ๋ํ์ ๋ํ์ฌ ์ ํ์ ํฉ๋ฒํ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ฅํ์๋ค.
The women's organization argued for the limited legalization of abortion.
์ด ์๋น์ค๋ ์์ง ์ ํ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ง ์ด์ฉํ ์ ์์ด์.
This service is still only available on a limited basis.
์ฃผ์ฐจ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ด ์ ํ์ ์ด๋๊น ๋์ค๊ตํต์ ์ด์ฉํ์ธ์.
Parking space is limited, so please use public transportation.
์กฐ์ง์
jojikjjeok
structural, systematic; a structure/system
์ฒญ๋ฐ์ง๋ ์ท๊ฐ์ ์กฐ์ง์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ ์กฐ๋ฐํด์ ๋ฌด์ฒ ์ง๊ธฐ๋ค.
Jeans are very durable because the structural weave of the fabric is dense.
๊ทธ ๋ฒ์ฃ๋ ์กฐ์ง์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ณํ๋์์ด์.
That crime was planned in an organized way.
์์๋ด์ฌ์๋ค์ด ์กฐ์ง์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ง์์ด์.
The volunteers moved in an organized manner.
์ข
๊ต์
jonggyojeok
religious; being religious
์ธ๋ก๋ ๊ธฐ๋
๊ต์์ ํํด์ง๋ ์ค์ํ ์ข
๊ต์ ์์์
๋๋ค.
Baptism is an important religious ritual practiced in Christianity.
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์ข
๊ต์ ์ธ ์ด์ ๋ก ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ๋จน์ด์.
She doesn't eat meat for religious reasons.
์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ ์ข
๊ต์ ์ผ๋ก ์ค์ํ ์ฅ์์์.
This building is a religiously important place.
์ข
์์
jongsokjjeok
subordinate; being subordinate
๊ฐ๋ถ์ฅ์ ์ฌํ์์ ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฆฐ์์ด๋ ์ข
์์ ์ง์๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๋ค.
In a patriarchal society, women and children have a subordinate status.
์์ ํ์ฌ๊ฐ ๋๊ธฐ์
์ ์ข
์์ ์ธ ๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ๋์ด์.
The small company became subordinate to the large corporation.
๊ทธ ๋๋ผ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด์ ๋๋ผ์ ์ข
์์ ์ด์์ด์.
That country was economically subordinate to its neighbor.
์ข
ํฉ์
jonghapjjeok
comprehensive, all-encompassing
ํ์ฌ ์ ๋ถ๋ ๊ตญํ ์ ๋ฐ์ ๊ณ ๋ฅธ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์ํด ์ข
ํฉ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
The government is currently considering comprehensive development for the balanced growth of the whole country.
์ฌ๋ฌ ์๊ฒฌ์ ์ข
ํฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒํ ํด ๋ด
์๋ค.
Let's review the various opinions comprehensively.
๋ณ์์์ ์ข
ํฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ ๊ฒ์ง์ ๋ฐ์์ด์.
I had a comprehensive health checkup at the hospital.
์ฃผ๊ธฐ์
jugijeok
periodic, regular
์ง์๋ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณตํต์ด ์ผ์ด๋์ ๋ณ์์ ์ฐพ์๋ค.
Jisoo went to the hospital because she was getting periodic stomachaches.
ํ๋ถ์ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌผ์ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
Water the plant pot periodically.
๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ๋ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๊พธ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข์์.
It's good to change your password regularly.
์ฃผ๋์
judojeok
leading
์ง์๋ ๋ฐ์ฅ์ผ๋ก์ ์ฃผ๋์ ์์น์์ ์ด๋ฒ ๋ด์ฌ ํ๋์ ์ถ์งํ๋ค.
As class president, Jisoo drove this volunteer activity from a leading position.
๊ทธ๋
๋ ํ์์์ ์ฃผ๋์ ์ธ ์ญํ ์ ํ์ด์.
She played a leading role in the meeting.
์๊ธฐ ์ธ์์ ์ฃผ๋์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด์์ผ ํด์.
You should lead your own life actively.
์ฃผ์ ์
jusuljeok
shamanistic, magical
์์ ์ฌํ์์๋ ์ฃผ์ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณ์ ์น๋ฃํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค.
In primitive societies, people tried to treat illnesses through shamanistic methods.
์ด ๊ฐ๋ฉด์ ์ฃผ์ ์ ์ธ ์๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์์ด์.
This mask has a magical meaning.
์๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋น๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ์ ์ ์์์ ํ์ด์.
People long ago performed shamanistic rituals while waiting for rain.
์ฃผ์ฒด์
juchejeok
independent, self-directed
๋๋ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์ธ๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ค์ค๋ก ์๊ฐํ๊ณ ์ ํํ ์ ์๋ค.
As an independent person, I can think and choose for myself.
์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ์ง๋ก๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ ์ค์ํด์.
It's important to decide your career path for yourself.
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ถ์ ์ด๊ณ ์ถ์ด ํด์.
She wants to live a self-directed life.
์ค๊ฐ์
jungganjeok
in-between, middle
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ ์ฅ์ ๋ถ๋ถ ์ง๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋จ๋ถ ์ง๋ฐฉ์ ์ค๊ฐ์ ์์น์ ์๋ฆฌ ์ก๊ณ ์๋ค.
Our region is located in a spot between the northern and southern areas.
์ด ์์ ๋นจ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ฃผํฉ์ ์ค๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์์ด์์.
This color is in between red and orange.
๋ ์๊ฒฌ ์ฌ์ด์์ ์ค๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์
์ฅ์ ์ทจํ์ด์.
I took a middle position between the two opinions.
์ค๋์
jungdojeok
centrist
์ธ๋ก ๊ธฐ๊ด์ ์ค๋์ ์ฐจ์์์ ๋ ์นด๋ก์ด ๋นํ์ ํ์ฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐํ ์ฌ๋ก ์ ํ์ฑํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
The press should make sharp criticism from a centrist standpoint to form healthy public opinion.
๊ทธ ํ๋ณด๋ ์ค๋์ ์ธ ์ ์ฑ
์ ๋ด์ธ์ ์ด์.
The candidate put forward centrist policies.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์๋ฒ์ง๋ ์ ์น์ ์ผ๋ก ์ค๋์ ์ด์์.
My father is politically centrist.
์ค๋ฆฝ์
jungnipjjeok
neutral
์ ์น์ ์ผ๋ก ์ค๋ฆฝ์ ์ฑํฅ์ ๋ ๋ ์ ๋ฌธ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๋ด ๊ฟ์ด๋ค.
My dream is to create a newspaper company that is politically neutral.
์ฌํ์ ํญ์ ์ค๋ฆฝ์ ์ด์ด์ผ ํด์.
A referee must always be neutral.
์ด ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ํด์๋ ์ค๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์
์ฅ์ ์งํฌ๊ฒ์.
I'll stay neutral on this issue.
์ค์ฑ์
jungseongjeok
neutral, androgynous
๊ทธ ์์ค์ ๊ฐ์ ํํ์ด ์ค์ฑ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ด ํน์ง์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๋๋ค์๊ฒ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง๋ค.
That novel is popular for its distinctively neutral expression of emotion.
๊ทธ ๊ฐ์๋ ์ค์ฑ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์๋ฆฌ๋ก ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์์.
That singer is popular for their androgynous voice.
์์ฆ ์ค์ฑ์ ์ธ ์คํ์ผ์ ์ท์ด ์ ํ์ด์์.
Androgynous-style clothes are in fashion these days.
์ค์ฌ์
jungsimjeok
central, main
์์ค์ ์ฝ์ ๋๋ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋ค ๊ฐ์ ์ค์ฌ์ ๊ฐ๋ฑ์ด ๋ฌด์์ธ์ง ํ์
ํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
When reading a novel, you need to grasp what the central conflict between the characters is.
๊ทธ๋ ์ด ํ๋ก์ ํธ์์ ์ค์ฌ์ ์ธ ์ญํ ์ ํด์.
He plays a central role in this project.
์ด ๊ธ์ ์ค์ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ญ์์?
What is the main content of this text?
์ค์ ์
jungjeomjeok
focused, with emphasis
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ด๋ฒ ํ์์์ ์๋ ๋ถ์กฑ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ค์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ค๋ฃฐ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
We will focus on the food shortage problem at this meeting.
์ด๋ฒ ํ๊ธฐ์๋ ๋งํ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ณต๋ถํ ๊ฑฐ์์.
This semester, I'll focus on studying speaking.
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ ์ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋ง์ ์ง์ญ์ ์ค์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋จ์ํด์.
The police focus their crackdowns on areas with many accidents.
์ฆ๊ฐ์
jeukkkakjjeok
immediate
๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ถ๊ดด ํ์ฅ์์ ํ ๊ตฌ๊ธ ๋์์ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ธ๋ช
ํผํด๊ฐ ํฌ๊ฒ ๋์ง ์์๋ค.
Thanks to a paramedic's immediate response at the site of the building collapse, there weren't many casualties.
๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์๊ธฐ๋ฉด ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๋ ค ์ฃผ์ธ์.
If a problem arises, let me know immediately.
์ด ์ฝ์ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์์ด์.
This medicine has an immediate effect.
์ฆํฅ์
jeukeungjeok
impromptu, improvised
๊ด๊ฐ๋ค์ ์์
๊ฐ์ ํ๋ฅญํ ์ฆํฅ์ ์ฐ์ฃผ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ์๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋๋ค.
The audience gave a standing ovation for the musician's excellent impromptu performance.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฆํฅ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๋ค์ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ์ด์.
We decided on the spur of the moment to go to the sea.
๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๋ ์ฆํฅ์ ์ธ ์ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ํด์.
That actor is good at improvised acting.
์ง๊ตฌ์
jigujeok
global
๊ธฐํ ๋ณํ๋ ์ด์ ์ง๊ตฌ์ ์ฐจ์์ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ๋์๋ค.
Climate change has now become a global-level problem.
ํ๊ฒฝ ์ค์ผ์ ์ง๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ ์์.
Environmental pollution is a global problem.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ง๊ตฌ์ ๊ด์ ์์ ์๊ฐํด์ผ ํด์.
We need to think from a global perspective.
์ง๋ฅ์
jineungjeok
intelligent, intellectual
๊ฑฐ๋ํ ๋ฒ์ฃ ์กฐ์ง์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ ๋์ ํผํด ์ง๋ฅ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ํ๊ณ ์์๋ค.
A huge criminal organization was operating intelligently, evading the police's watch.
์์ฆ ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์๋ฒ์ด ์ ์ ์ง๋ฅ์ ์ด์์.
Scam methods these days are getting smarter and smarter.
๊ทธ ์ ์๋ ์ง๋ฅ์ ์ธ ํ๋ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ช
ํด์.
That player is famous for his intelligent play.
์ง๋ฆฌ์
jirijeok
geographic
์น๊ท๋ค ์ง์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง์์ ๊ฑธ์ด์ ์ญ ๋ถ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ก ์ง๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ๊น๋ค.
Seunggyu's house is geographically close, a ten-minute walk from my house.
์ด ๋์๋ ์ง๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ตํต์ ์ค์ฌ์ง์์.
Geographically, this city is a transportation hub.
์ง๋ฆฌ์ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ด ์ง์ญ์ ๋น๊ฐ ๋ง์ด ์์.
Because of geographic conditions, it rains a lot in this area.
์ง๋ฐฐ์
jibaejeok
dominant, ruling
๊ถ๋ ฅ์ ์ค์ฌ์ ์์๋ ๊ท์กฑ๋ค์ ์์ ๋ค์ ์ง๋ฐฐ์ ์์น๋ฅผ ๊ณ์ ์งํค๋ ค๊ณ ๋
ธ๋ ฅํ๋ค.
The nobles who were at the center of power tried to keep their dominant position.
์ฌํด๋ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์์ง ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ ์๊ฒฌ์ด ์ง๋ฐฐ์ ์ด์์.
The dominant opinion is that the economy will improve this year.
๊ทธ ํ์ฌ๋ ์์ฅ์์ ์ง๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ์์น์ ์์ด์.
That company holds a dominant position in the market.
์ง์ฑ์
jiseongjeok
intellectual
๊ทธ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋ ์์์ ๋ฐํ๋ฅผ ํ ๋๋ ์์ ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ต์ ํ ์ค ์๋ ์ง์ฑ์ ํ๋๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ธ์ผ ํ๋ค๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค.
He said that when giving a presentation in front of others, one should have an intellectual attitude that knows how to control one's emotions.
๊ทธ๋ ๋งํฌ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋ถํ๊ณ ์ง์ฑ์ ์ด์์.
His way of speaking is calm and intellectual.
์ง์ฑ์ ์ธ ๋ํ๋ฅผ ๋๋ ์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ํ์ํด์.
I need a friend to have intellectual conversations with.
์ง์์
jisokjjeok
continuous, lasting
๊ณผ์ผ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ ์ง์์ ํ๋ฝ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ถ๋ค์ ์์
์ด ๊ณ์ ์ค์ด๋ค๊ณ ์๋ค.
Due to the continuous decline in fruit prices, farmers' income keeps decreasing.
์ง์์ ์ธ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ฑ๊ณต์ผ๋ก ์ด์ด์ ธ์.
Continuous effort eventually leads to success.
์ด ์ฝ์ ์ง์์ ์ผ๋ก ๋จน์ด์ผ ํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์์ด์.
This medicine works only if you take it continuously.
์ง์ฝ์
jiyeopjjeok
minor, secondary
์ผ์ ํ๋ฉด์ ์ง์ฝ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ ์ง์ฐฉํ๋ค ๋ณด๋ฉด ํฐ ๊ฒ์ ๋์น ์ ์๋ค.
If you obsess over minor things while working, you can miss the bigger picture.
์ง์ฝ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ๋์ค์ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํฉ์๋ค.
Let's talk about the minor issues later.
๊ทธ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ์ข ์ง์ฝ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์.
That question seems a bit beside the main point.
์ง์
jijeok
indication; pointing out
์น๊ท๋ ๋ฐํ์๋ก ์ง์ ์ ๋นํ ์๊ฐ ๋นํฉํ์ฌ ์ผ๊ตด์ด ๋ถ์ด์ก๋ค.
The moment Seunggyu was singled out as the presenter, he was flustered and his face turned red.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์์ดํ ํ
์คํธ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ง์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ์ธก์ ํด ๋ณผ ์ ์๋ค.
We can measure intellectual ability through an IQ test.
์ง์ ํ์
jijeonghakjjeok
geopolitical
ํ๋ฐ๋์ ์ง์ ํ์ ์ธ ์์น๋ฅผ ์ดํดํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ํ๊ตญ์ ์ญ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํดํ๋ ๋ฐ ๋์์ด ๋๋ค.
Understanding the geopolitical position of the Korean Peninsula helps in understanding Korean history.
์ด ์ฌ์ ์ง์ ํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ฃผ ์ค์ํด์.
This island is geopolitically very important.
์ง์ ํ์ ์ํ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฌ๋์ด์.
Oil prices rose due to geopolitical risks.
์ง๊ฐ์ ์
jikkkanjeopjjeok
direct or indirect
๋ฌด๋ถ๋ณํ ๊ณต์ฌ๋ ์ง๊ฐ์ ์ ์์ฐ ํ๊ดด๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฐํ๋ค.
Reckless construction caused direct or indirect destruction of nature.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ๋ง์ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ง๊ฐ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ํฅ์ ์คฌ์ด์.
That incident affected many people directly or indirectly.
์ฌํ์ ํตํด ๋ค์ํ ๋ฌธํ๋ฅผ ์ง๊ฐ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฝํํ์ด์.
Through travel, I experienced various cultures directly and indirectly.
์ง๊ฐ์
jikkkamjeok
intuitive
๋์ ์ง๊ฐ์ ํ๋จ์ผ๋ก๋ ๊ทธ๊ฐ ๋ฒ์ธ์ธ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค.
Based on my intuitive judgment, he seems to be the culprit.
์ ๋ ์ง๊ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ญ๊ฐ ์๋ชป๋๋ค๊ณ ๋๊ผ์ด์.
I intuitively felt that something was wrong.
์ง๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ ํ์ด ๋ง์ ๋๋ ๋ง์์.
Gut choices are often right.
์ง๊ด์
jikkkwanjeok
intuitive
๋ฐ ๊ต์๋ ์ด ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ๋ํ ์ง๊ด์ ๊ฒฌํด๋ฅผ ๋ง์ํ์
จ๋ค.
Professor Park stated his intuitive view on this case.
์ด ์ฑ์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฒ์ด ์์ฃผ ์ง๊ด์ ์ด์์.
This app is very intuitive to use.
๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ง๊ด์ ์ผ๋ก ์ดํดํ ์ ์์ด์.
If you look at the picture, you can understand it intuitively.
์ง์ ์
jiksseonjeok
straight
์ด๋ฒ ๊ฒจ์ธ์๋ ๋ฑ ๋จ์ด์ง๋ ์ผ์์ ์ง์ ์ ์ธ ์ค๋ฃจ์ฃ์ ์ฝํธ๊ฐ ์ ํํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
This winter, coats with a clean, straight silhouette are in fashion.
์ด ๋๋ก๋ ์ง์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ญ ๋ป์ด ์์ด์.
This road stretches out in a straight line.
๊ทธ ๊ฑด์ถ๊ฐ๋ ์ง์ ์ ์ธ ๋์์ธ์ ์ข์ํด์.
That architect likes straight-lined designs.
์ง์ค์
jiksseoljeok
straight-talking; blunt
์น๊ท๋ ๋งํฌ๊ฐ ์ง์ค์ ์ด์ด์ ๋
์ค๊ฐ๋ก ์ ๋ช
ํ๋ค.
Seunggyu is famous for being a sharp-tongued person because his way of speaking is so blunt.
์ง์ค์ ์ผ๋ก ๋งํด์ ๋ฏธ์ํ์ง๋ง ๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ๋ ธ์ด์.
Sorry to be blunt, but that's wrong.
๊ทธ๋
์ ์ง์ค์ ์ธ ์ถฉ๊ณ ๊ฐ ํฐ ๋์์ด ๋์ด์.
Her blunt advice was a big help.
์ง์
์
jigeopjjeok
professional
์ฌ์ด ์ค๋น ๋ ์ง์
์ ์ด๋ ์ ์๋ก ๋งค์ผ ๊ณ ๋ ์ ์ฒด ํ๋ จ์ ๋ฐ๊ณ ์๋ค.
My cousin, a professional athlete, undergoes tough physical training every day.
์์ฌ์๊ฒ๋ ํ์์ ๋น๋ฐ์ ์งํฌ ์ง์
์ ์๋ฌด๊ฐ ์์ด์.
Doctors have a professional duty to keep their patients' secrets.
์ค๋ ์ผํ๋ค ๋ณด๋ ์ง์
์ ์ธ ์ต๊ด์ด ์๊ฒผ์ด์.
After working for a long time, I developed occupational habits.
์ง์ ์
jikjjeopjjeok
direct
์ฌ๊ฑด ํ์ฅ์์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋ ๊ทธ์ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ๋ฒํ์ ์ง์ ์ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์๋ค.
His fingerprint found at the crime scene was direct evidence of the crime.
์ฌ๊ณ ์ ์ง์ ์ ์ธ ์์ธ์ ๊ณผ์์ด์์ด์.
The direct cause of the accident was speeding.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋ํํ
์ง์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด๋ ๊ฒ ์ด๋์?
Why don't you ask that person directly?
์ง๋ณด์
jinbojeok
progressive
์ง๋ณด์ ์ ๋น์ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์ ์ฑ
์ ์์ ์ ์๊ตฌํ๋ค.
The progressive party demanded a revision of existing policies.
๊ทธ ๊ต์๋ ์ง๋ณด์ ์ธ ์๊ฐ์ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ถ์ด์์.
That professor is someone with progressive ideas.
์ด ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ง๋ณด์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด ๋ด์์.
This newspaper carries many progressive voices.
์ง์ทจ์
jinchwijeok
progressive; enterprising
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ๊ฟ์ ์ํด ๋ฌด์์ด๋ ์ด์ฌํ ํ๋ ์ง์ทจ์ ์ธ ์ฑํฅ์ ๊ฐ์ก๋ค.
Yumin has an enterprising disposition, working hard at anything for the sake of her dream.
์ ์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์ง์ทจ์ ์ธ ํ๋๊ฐ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ข์์.
It's nice to see the enterprising attitude of young people.
๊ทธ๋ ๋ ์ง์ทจ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๋ก์ด ์ผ์ ๋์ ํด์.
He always boldly takes on new challenges.
์ง์
jiljeok
qualitative
์ด ์ํ์ ์ง์ ์ผ๋ก๋ ์ฐ์ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ๋ ์ ๋ ดํ๋ค.
This product is qualitatively excellent and also inexpensive.
์ด์ ๋ ์๋ณด๋ค ์ง์ ์ธ ์ฑ์ฅ์ด ํ์ํด์.
Now we need qualitative growth rather than quantity.
์๋น์ค๊ฐ ์ง์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ง์ด ๋์์ก์ด์.
The service has improved a lot in quality.
์ง๋จ์
jipttanjeok
collective
์ฒ ์๋ค์ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง์ด์ ์ง๋จ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋์ ํ๋ค.
Migratory birds form flocks and move collectively.
์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋ค์ด ์ง๋จ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๋ ์๊ฒฌ์ ๋์ด์.
The residents collectively voiced their opposition.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์๊ฒ ์ง๋จ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ต์ผ๋ก ๋จ์์ด์.
The incident remained in people's collective memory.
์ง๋จ์ฃผ์์
jipttanjuuijeok
collectivistic
๊ตฐ๋๋ ์ง๋จ์ฃผ์์ ์ฒด์ ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ค.
The military is founded on a collectivistic system.
์ง๋จ์ฃผ์์ ๋ฌธํ์์๋ ๊ฐ์ธ๋ณด๋ค ํ์ด ๋จผ์ ์์.
In a collectivistic culture, the team comes before the individual.
๊ทธ ํ์ฌ๋ ๋ถ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋๋ฌด ์ง๋จ์ฃผ์์ ์ด์์.
That company's atmosphere is too collectivistic.
์ง์ฝ์
jibyakjjeok
integrating; intensive
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ๊ตญ์ ๋
ธ๋ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ ์ง์ฝ์ ๊ธฐ๊ณ ๊ณต์
์ ํตํด ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ด๋์ด๋๋ค.
In the past, Korea achieved effective economic development through labor- and technology-intensive machinery industries.
๋ฐ๋์ฒด ์ฐ์
์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ง์ฝ์ ์ฐ์
์ด์์.
The semiconductor industry is a technology-intensive industry.
์ด ์ฑ
์๋ ๊ทธ์ ์ฌ์์ด ์ง์ฝ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ด๊ฒจ ์์ด์.
This book contains his thoughts in condensed form.
์ง์ค์
jipjjungjeok
intensive
์คํ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ์ ์ค์บ๋ค์ด ํฐ์ง์ ๊ธฐ์๋ค์ ์์ ๋คํ ์ค์บ๋ค์ ์๋์ ๋ํด ์ง์ค์ ์ทจ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ์๋ค.
When the star actor's scandal broke, reporters rushed to intensively cover the other party in the scandal.
์ํ ์ ์ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ์ ์ง์ค์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ณต๋ถํ์ด์.
I studied grammar intensively before the exam.
ํ์๋ ์คํ์์ค์์ ์ง์ค์ ์ธ ์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊ณ ์์ด์.
The patient is receiving intensive treatment in the ICU.
์ง๋ฒ์
jingbeoljeok
punitive
์ ๋ถ๋ ๋ถ๋์ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ ์ฌ๋๋ค์๊ฒ ์ง๋ฒ์ ๊ณผ์ธ๋ฅผ ํ๋ค.
The government imposed punitive taxation on people who speculated in real estate.
์์ฃผ ์ด์ ์๋ ์ง๋ฒ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ๊ธ์ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ผ ํด์.
Drunk drivers should face punitive fines.
์ง๋ฒ์ ์ํด ๋ฐฐ์ ์ ๋๊ฐ ๋์
๋์ด์.
A punitive damages system was introduced.
์ฐจ๋ณ์
chabyeoljeok
discriminatory
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์๋ ์ ๋ถ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ๋ณ์ ์ ๋๊ฐ ์์์ง๋ง ์ง๊ธ์ ์ฌ๋ผ์ก๋ค.
In the past there was a discriminatory system based on social status, but it has now disappeared.
์ธ๊ตญ์ธ์ ๋ํ ์ฐจ๋ณ์ ์ธ ๋ง์ ํ์ง ๋ง์ธ์.
Don't make discriminatory remarks about foreigners.
๊ทธ ํ์ฌ๋ ์ฌ์ฑ ์ง์์ ์ฐจ๋ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ์ด์.
That company treated female employees in a discriminatory way.
์ฐฝ์์
changuijeok
creative (able to devise something new that did not exist before)
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ์ด๋ ค์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ํด๊ฒฐํ๋ค.
Minjun solved the difficult problem in a creative way.
์์ด๋ค์ ์ฐฝ์์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์ ๋ง ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด์.
The children's creative drawings are really fun.
์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์์ ์ผ๋ก ํ์ด ๋ณผ๊น์?
Shall we try solving this problem creatively?
์ฐฝ์กฐ์
changjojeok
creative (creating or achieving something new and original for the first time)
ํ๋ฅญํ ์์ ๊ฐ๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ๋ฌผ์ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๋ผ๋ณธ๋ค.
A great artist looks at everything with a creative eye.
๊ทธ ํ์ฌ๋ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ธ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์์ด์.
That company is looking for creative talent.
์์ ์ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ํ๋์ด์์.
Art is a creative activity.
์ฒ๋ฌธํ์
cheonmunhakjjeok
astronomical (of astronomy; also: enormous)
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ์ฐ์ฃผ์ ๊ด์ฌ์ด ๋ง์ ์ฒ๋ฌธํ์ ์ง์์ ์ป๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ฑ
์ ์ฝ๋๋ค.
Yumin is very interested in space and reads books to gain astronomical knowledge.
์ฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์๊ฒฝ์ ์ฒ๋ฌธํ์ ์ผ๋ก ํฐ ์๋ฏธ๊ฐ ์์ด์.
The space telescope has great astronomical significance.
๊ทธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ ์ง๋ ๋ฐ ์ฒ๋ฌธํ์ ์ธ ๋์ด ๋ค์์ด์.
Building that cost an astronomical amount of money.
์ฒ๋ถ์
cheonbujeok
innate; inherent (existing from birth)
์ง์์ ๋
ธ๋ ์ค๋ ฅ์ ๋จ๋ณด๋ค ์๋ฑํ ์ฒ๋ถ์ ์์ง์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค.
Jisoo's singing ability comes from an innate talent far superior to others'.
๊ทธ ์์ด๋ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ ์ฒ๋ถ์ ์ธ ์ฌ๋ฅ์ด ์์ด์.
That child has an innate talent for drawing.
์ธ๊ฐ์ ์์ ๋ ์ฒ๋ถ์ ์ธ ๊ถ๋ฆฌ์์.
Human freedom is an inherent right.
์ฒํธ์ผ๋ฅ ์
cheonpyeonillyuljeok
monotonous; uniform (many things being almost identical with no unique characteristics)
์ฐํ์ฅ์๋ ๋๊ฐ์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ์ฒํธ์ผ๋ฅ ์ ๋ฉ์์ง๊ฐ ์ ํ ์์๋ค.
The New Year's card had a monotonous message with the exact same content.
์์ฆ ๋๋ผ๋ง๋ ๋ด์ฉ์ด ์ฒํธ์ผ๋ฅ ์ ์ด์์.
Dramas these days all have the same monotonous plots.
์ฒํธ์ผ๋ฅ ์ ์ธ ๊ต์ก์ผ๋ก๋ ๊ฐ์ฑ์ ํค์ธ ์ ์์ด์.
You can't nurture individuality with uniform education.
์ฒ ํ์
cheolhakjjeok
philosophical (based on or related to philosophy)
๊ฐ๋
์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฌํ์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ฒ ํ์ ์ธ ์๊ฐ์์ ๋ค๋ฃฌ ์ํ๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ๋ค.
The director made a film that dealt with our society's problems from a philosophical perspective.
์์ด๊ฐ ๊ฐ๋ ์ฒ ํ์ ์ธ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ํด์.
My child sometimes asks philosophical questions.
๊ทธ ๋
ธ๋ ๊ฐ์ฌ๋ ๊ฝค ์ฒ ํ์ ์ด์์.
The lyrics of that song are quite philosophical.
์ฒญ๋ํ๋ค
cheongnyanghada
clear (of a sound, being clear and bright)
ํํ์ ์ฒญ๋ํ ์๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ค์ผ์คํธ๋ผ์ ์ ์ด์ธ๋ ธ๋ค.
The harp's clear sound blended well with the orchestra.
์์ด๋ค์ ๊ณ๊ณก์ ์ฒญ๋ํ ๋ฌผ์ ๋ฐ์ ๋ด๊ทธ๊ณ ๋ฌผ์ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ณค๋ค.
The children dipped their feet in the refreshing valley water and splashed around.
์ฒด๊ณ์
chegyejeok
systematic (organized in stages according to certain principles)
๋๋ ๋ฐฉํ์ ์์ฐจ๊ฒ ๋ณด๋ด๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ธ ๊ณํ์ ์ธ์ ๋ค.
I made a systematic plan to spend my vacation productively.
์๊ฐ์ ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ด๋ฆฌํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋ฐฐ์ ์ด์.
I learned how to manage my time systematically.
์ด ๊ต์ฌ๋ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ์ ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ค๋ช
ํด์.
This textbook explains grammar systematically.
์ฒด๋ ฅ์
cheryeokjjeok
physical (relating to the body's strength or energy to perform physical activities)
์ฌ๋ฆผํฝ์์ ๊ธ๋ฉ๋ฌ์ ๋ด ์์์ ์๋ ์ฒด๋ ฅ์ ํ๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ด์ ๋ก ์ํดํ๋ค.
The swimmer who won an Olympic gold medal retired due to physical limitations.
์ผ๊ทผ์ด ๊ณ์๋๋๊น ์ฒด๋ ฅ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฌด ํ๋ค์ด์.
With continuous overtime, it's physically very exhausting.
๋ฑ์ฐ์ ์ฒด๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ค๋น๊ฐ ํ์ํด์.
Hiking requires physical preparation.
์ด์์
chowoljeok
transcendental (surpassing realistic and normal limits)
ํ์๋ค์ ์๋
์ ์ด์์ ์ฌ๋์ ์์ฌ๋ก ํ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ์๋ฌธ์ ์ผ๋ค.
The students watched a movie about a nun's transcendental love and wrote a reflection.
๊ทธ๋ ๊ณ ํต์ ์ด์์ ์ธ ํ๋๋ก ๋ฐ์๋ค์์ด์.
He accepted the pain with a transcendent attitude.
๋ง์ ์ข
๊ต๋ ์ด์์ ์ธ ์กด์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์ด์.
Many religions believe in a transcendent being.
์ด์ธ๊ฐ์
choinganjeok
superhuman (an ability far excelling that of an ordinary person)
๋ฐ ํ์ฅ์ ๋ณดํต์ ์ธ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ด์ธ๊ฐ์ ์นด๋ฆฌ์ค๋ง๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์กฐ์ง์ ์ด๋์ด ๊ฐ๋ค.
Chairman Park leads the organization with a superhuman charisma unlike an ordinary person's.
๊ทธ ์ฐ์
์ธ์ ์ด์ธ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ธ๋ด์ฌ์ ๋ณด์ฌ ์คฌ์ด์.
That mountaineer showed superhuman patience.
์ด์ธ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด ๋์ค๋ ๋งํ์์.
It's a comic featuring a hero with superhuman abilities.
์ด์ธ์
choinjeok
superhuman (an ability far excelling that of an ordinary person)
๊ทธ๋
๋ ๋ฌ๋ ค์ค๋ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ด์ธ์ ํ์ผ๋ก ํธ๋ค์ ๋๋ ค ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ง์๋ค.
Seeing the oncoming car, she turned the wheel with superhuman strength to avoid the accident.
๊ทธ๋ ์ด์ธ์ ์ธ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ผ๋ก ๋ณ์ ์ด๊ฒจ ๋์ด์.
He overcame his illness with superhuman effort.
๊ทธ ์ ์๋ ๋ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ค์ณค๋๋ฐ๋ ์ด์ธ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฒํ
จ ์์ฃผํ์ด์.
Despite an injured leg, the athlete held on superhumanly and finished the race.
์ด์์ฐ์
chojayeonjeok
supernatural (caused by a mysterious being or power that natural science cannot explain)
์น๊ท๋ UFO๋ ์ธ๊ณ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์ด์์ฐ์ ์ธ ์กด์ฌ๊ฐ ์๋ค๊ณ ๋ฏฟ๋๋ค.
Seunggyu believes that supernatural beings like UFOs and aliens exist.
๊ทธ ์ํ๋ ์ด์์ฐ์ ์ธ ํ์์ ๋ค๋ค์.
That movie deals with supernatural phenomena.
์๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋ฒ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์์ฐ์ ์ธ ํ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํ์ด์.
People long ago thought lightning was a supernatural power.
์ดํ๋์
chohyeondaejeok
ultra-modern (exceeding the ordinary level of the present)
์ ํ์ ํ๋ฉด์ ์ดํ๋์ ์ธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ตํ ๊ฑด์ถ๊ฐ๋ ํ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ ๋ง๋ค์๋ค.
The architect who developed an ultra-modern sense while studying abroad created a groundbreaking building.
์ด ๊ณตํญ์ ์์ค์ด ์ดํ๋์ ์ด์์.
This airport's facilities are ultra-modern.
์ ํต ํ์ฅ ์์ ์ดํ๋์ ์ธ ๋น๋ฉ์ด ์ ์์ด์.
An ultra-modern building stands next to a traditional hanok.
์ด๊ด์
chonggwaljeok
general; comprehensive (gathering and connecting things scattered here and there)
๋ฐ ๋๋ฆฌ๋ ์๋ฅ ์์ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฌผํ ๊ตฌ์
์ ์ด๊ด์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ณ ์๋ค.
Assistant Manager Park is in charge of the comprehensive management of document preparation and purchasing supplies.
์ด๋ฒ ํ์ฌ์ ์ด๊ด์ ์ธ ์ฑ
์์ ์ ํํ
์์ด์.
The overall responsibility for this event lies with me.
์ฌํด ์ฌ์
์ ์ด๊ด์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๊ฐํด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค.
We will make an overall assessment of this year's business.
์ด์ฒด์
chongchejeok
general; overall (adding or binding everything into one whole)
๊ธ์ต ์๊ธฐ์ ์ธ๊ต์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ก ์ ๋ถ๋ ์ด์ฒด์ ๋๊ตญ์ ๋น ์ก๋ค.
Due to the financial crisis and diplomatic issues, the government fell into an overall predicament.
์ด๋ฒ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ ์์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ์ ์ด์ฒด์ ์ธ ์คํจ์์.
This accident is a total failure of safety management.
๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๋ผ๋ด์ผ ํด๊ฒฐํ ์ ์์ด์.
You can only solve the problem by looking at it as a whole.
์ด์ดํ๋ค
chongchonghada
bright and starry (a sky being clear and bright with dense stars)
๋ฌ์ด ํํ๊ฒ ๋ฐคํ๋์ ๋น์ถ๊ณ ์์๊ณ , ๋ณ๋ค์ ์ด์ดํ๊ฒ ๋น๋๊ณ ์์๋ค.
The moon shone brightly over the night sky, and the stars twinkled brilliantly.
๊ธฐ์ฐจ์ ์ถ๋ฐ ์๊ฐ์ด ๋ค๊ฐ์ค์ ํ๋ซํผ์ ์น๊ฐ๋ค์ ์ด์ดํ๊ฒ ๋ฐ๊ฑธ์์ ์ฎ๊ฒผ๋ค.
As the train's departure time approached, the passengers on the platform hurried along.
์ต์ข
์
choejongjeok
final; last (coming at the very end)
์ค๋ ํ์์์ ๋ค์ ์ํ์ ๋ํ ๊ธฐํ์ด ์ต์ข
์ ์ผ๋ก ํต๊ณผ๋์๋ค.
At today's meeting, the plan for the next product was finally approved.
์ต์ข
์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋ค์ ์ฃผ์ ๋์์.
The final results come out next week.
์ต์ข
์ ์ผ๋ก ๋๊ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๋์?
Who makes the final decision?
์ถ์์
chusangjeok
abstract (not taking a fixed form or characteristic)
์ถ์์ ์ํ์ผ์๋ก ํด์์ ๋ํ ์๊ฒฌ์ด ๋ถ๋ถํ๋ค.
The more abstract a work is, the more divided opinions about its interpretation become.
์ค๋ช
์ด ๋๋ฌด ์ถ์์ ์ด๋ผ์ ์ดํด๊ฐ ์ ๋ผ์.
The explanation is too abstract, so I don't understand it.
์ฌ๋์ ์ถ์์ ์ธ ๊ฐ๋
์ด์์.
Love is an abstract concept.
์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์
chunggyeokjjeok
shocking (causing a mental shock)
์ด ์ํ๋ ๊ด๊ฐ์ ์์ธก๊ณผ๋ ์ ํ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ๊ฒฐ๋ง๋ก ํ์ ๊ฐ ๋์๋ค.
This movie became a topic of conversation for its shocking ending, completely different from what audiences expected.
๊ทธ ๋ด์ค๋ ์ ๋ง ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด์์ด์.
That news was truly shocking.
์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ฌ์ค์ด ๋ฐํ์ก์ด์.
A shocking fact came to light.
์ถฉ๋์
chungdongjeok
impulsive (wanting to do a certain thing suddenly)
๋๋ ํ์์ ์ถฉ๋์ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ผ์ ๊ทธ๋ฅด์น๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์๋ค.
I often ruin things because of my usually impulsive personality.
์ถฉ๋์ ์ผ๋ก ๋น์ผ ๊ฐ๋ฐฉ์ ์์ด์.
I impulsively bought an expensive bag.
์ถฉ๋์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ๋์ค์ ํํํ ์ ์์ด์.
You may regret impulsive decisions later.
์น๋ช
์
chimyeongjeok
fatal; lethal
๊ทธ ์คํ์๋ ์น๋ช
์ ์์ฒ๋ฅผ ์
์ด์ ๋์ ํ ์์ํ ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ฒ๋ผ ๋ณด์๋ค.
The critical patient had suffered a fatal wound and seemed unable to be revived.
์ด ๋ฒ์ฏ์๋ ์น๋ช
์ ์ธ ๋
์ด ์์ด์.
This mushroom contains a lethal poison.
๊ทธ ์ค์๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์๊ฒ ์น๋ช
์ ์ด์์ด์.
That mistake was fatal for our team.
์น์์
chiyokjjeok
humiliating; disgraceful
๋๋ ๊ทธ์๊ฒ ํฌ๋กฑ์ ๋นํ ์น์์ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์์ง๊น์ง ์์ง ๋ชปํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
I still haven't forgotten the humiliating past when he harassed me.
๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์๊ฒ ์น์์ ์ธ ํจ๋ฐฐ์์ด์.
That game was a humiliating defeat for our team.
๋ชจ๋ ์์์ ํผ๋์ ์น์์ ์ด์์ด์.
It was humiliating to be scolded in front of everyone.
์นํ์
chinhwajeok
friendly
๋ ๋๋ผ๋ ์ค๋ซ๋์ ์นํ์ ์ธ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ ์งํด ์๋ค.
The two countries have maintained a friendly relationship for a long time.
์ด ๊ณต์์ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋๋ฌผ ์นํ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ด์์.
This park is a pet-friendly space.
๊ทธ๋ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์นํ์ ์ด๋ผ์ ์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋ง์์.
He has a friendly personality, so he has many friends.
์นํ๊ฒฝ์
chinhwangyeongjeok
eco-friendly
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ํ๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํธ๋ฅผ ์ํด ์นํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ์ธ์ ๋ก๋ง ๋นจ๋๋ฅผ ํ๋ค.
Minjun does laundry only with eco-friendly detergent to protect the environment.
์นํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ์ ํ์ ์ฌ๋ ค๊ณ ๋
ธ๋ ฅํด์.
I try to buy eco-friendly products.
์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ ์นํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ง์ด์ก์ด์.
This building was constructed in an eco-friendly way.
ํฌ๋ค
keuda
grow
๋ฌผ์ ๋ง์ด ์ฃผ๋ฉด ์คํ๋ ค ๋๋ฌด๊ฐ ํฌ์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ค.
They say that giving too much water actually stunts a tree's growth.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ ๋๊ตฌ ์ ์์ฒ๋ผ ํค๊ฐ ํฌ๋ค.
My older brother is as tall as a basketball player.
ํ์ฐ์
tasanjeok
calculating; selfish
์์ฆ ์ ์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์์ ์ ๋นํด ํ์ฐ์ ๊ฒฐํผ๊ด์ ์ง๋๊ณ ์๋ค.
Young people these days have a more calculating view of marriage compared to before.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ ๋๋ฌด ํ์ฐ์ ์ด๋ผ์ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ค์์.
That person is too calculating, so it's hard to trust him.
์น๊ตฌ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ํ์ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ฐํ์ง ๋ง์ธ์.
Don't think about friendships in a calculating way.
ํ์ฑ์
taseongjeok
habitual; inert
์ถ์ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ธ์ค๋ ค๋ฉด ํ์ฌ์ ํ์ฑ์ ํ๋๋ฅผ ๋จ์ณ ๋ฒ๋ ค์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
If you want to bring change to your life, you must shake off your current habitual attitude.
๋งค์ผ ํ์ฑ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ถ๊ทผํ๋ ๊ฒ ์ง๊ฒจ์์.
I'm tired of going to work every day out of mere habit.
ํ์ฑ์ ์ธ ํ์๋ ์ด์ ๊ทธ๋งํ์ผ๋ฉด ์ข๊ฒ ์ด์.
I wish we'd stop having meetings just out of habit.
ํ์จ์
tayuljeok
heteronomous; other-directed
ํ๋ํ์ง ์๋ ๊ฒ๋ณด๋ค๋ ํ์จ์ ์ค์ฒ์ด ๋ ๋ซ๋ค๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ค.
I think heteronomous action is better than not acting at all.
ํ์จ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ ๊ณต๋ถ๋ ์ค๋๊ฐ์ง ์์์.
Studying because others make you doesn't last long.
์ํค๋ ์ผ๋ง ํ๋ ํ์จ์ ์ธ ํ๋๋ ๊ณ ์ณ์ผ ํด์.
The other-directed habit of only doing what you're told needs to change.
ํ๋ ฅ์
tallyeokjjeok
tensible; flexible
ํ๋ ฅ์ ์์ฌ๋ก ๋ง๋ ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์ผ๋ฉด ์ค๋ ๊ฑธ์ด๋ ๋ฐ์ด ์ํ์ง ์๋ค.
If you wear shoes made of flexible material, your feet won't hurt even after walking a long time.
๊ทผ๋ฌด ์๊ฐ์ ํ๋ ฅ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด์ํ๋ ํ์ฌ๊ฐ ๋์์ด์.
More companies are running flexible working hours.
์ด ์ด๋์ ํผ๋ถ๋ฅผ ํ๋ ฅ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ง๋ค์ด ์ค์.
This exercise makes your skin more elastic.
ํ์์
tamyokjjeok
greedy; covetous
์ต๊ทผ ๋๊ธฐ์
์ ํ์์ ์ฌ์
ํ์ฅ์ ์๋ฏผ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ฅผ ํ๋ค๊ณ ์๋ค.
The large corporation's recent greedy business expansion is shaking the ordinary people's economy.
๊ทธ ์ฌ์ฅ์ ๋๋ฌด ํ์์ ์ด๋ผ์ ์ง์๋ค์ด ๋ ๋ฌ์ด์.
The boss was so greedy that the employees left.
ํ์์ ์ธ ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋ก ์ฒ์ด ์ฌ๋ผ์ง๊ณ ์์ด์.
Forests are disappearing because of greedy development.
ํต๊ณ์
tonggyejeok
statistical
์ด ์๋ฃ์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ ํต๊ณ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์์นํํด์ ์ดํด๋ณผ ํ์๊ฐ ์๋ค.
In the case of this data, it needs to be quantified and examined using statistical methods.
ํต๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๋ฆ์ ์ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋ ๋ง์์.
Statistically, there are more accidents in summer.
์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋ ํต๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๋ฏธ๊ฐ ์๋์?
Is this difference statistically significant?
ํต์์
tongsangjeok
usual; general
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ ์ด๋ฒ ์ ๋ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๊ทธ์ ํต์์ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ๋ถ๊ณผํ๋ค๋ ์
์ฅ์ด์๋ค.
The police took the position that this theft incident was nothing more than a usual case.
ํต์์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐฐ์ก์ ์ฌํ ์ ๋ ๊ฑธ๋ ค์.
Delivery usually takes about three days.
์ด๊ฑด ํต์์ ์ธ ์ ์ฐจ์ด๋๊น ๊ฑฑ์ ํ์ง ๋ง์ธ์.
This is a standard procedure, so don't worry.
ํต์์
tongsokjjeok
conventional
๊ทธ๋ค์ ํต์์ ๋๋์ผ๋ก๋ ๋์ ํ ์ฉ์ธํ ์ ์๋ ์ผ์ ํ๊ณ ๋ค๋
๋ค.
They went around doing things that could never be tolerated by conventional morals.
๊ทธ ์์ค์ ํต์์ ์ด์ง๋ง ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด์.
That novel is popular fiction, but it's fun.
ํต์์ ์ธ ์ฌ๋ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๋ง์ด ์ธ์์ด์.
Many people cried at the melodramatic love story.
ํตํฉ์
tonghapjjeok
integrating; consolidating
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ค์ ํตํฉ์ ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ์๋ก์ด ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ด๋์๋ค.
We put forward a new theory through an integrated analysis of the results.
์ฌ๋ฌ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ ํตํฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ฅด์น๋ ์์
์ด์์.
It's a class that teaches several subjects in an integrated way.
๋ ๋ถ์์ ํตํฉ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ํ์ํด์.
Integrated management of the two departments is needed.
ํดํ์
toepyejeok
decadent; declining
๋ฏผ์ค์ด์ ์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ ํดํ์ ๋ถ์๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ง์์ ์ ์ ๋ง์
จ๋ค.
Minjun and his friends drank at a bar with a decadent atmosphere.
๊ทธ ์ํ๋ ํดํ์ ์ธ ๋ถ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋
ผ๋์ด ๋์ด์.
That movie became controversial because of its decadent atmosphere.
ํดํ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธํ๊ฐ ์ฒญ์๋
์๊ฒ ๋์ ์ํฅ์ ์ค์.
Decadent culture has a bad influence on teenagers.
ํน์ํ๋ค
teukssuhada
unusual; unique; special
ํํ๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ ๋์๋ ๋ถ๋ฒ ๋ณต์ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์งํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ํน์ํ ์ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ค.
When making currency, special ink is used to prevent illegal copying.
๋ฏผ์ค์ ์ฌ๋์ ์ ํ์
ํ๋ ํน์ํ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค.
Minjun has an extraordinary ability to read people well.
ํน์ง์
teukjjingjeok
distinct; peculiar
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์๋๋ณ ๋ฌธํ์ ํน์ง์ ๊ฒฝํฅ์ ํ์
ํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ค์ ์ ๋์๋ค.
We focused on grasping the distinct trends of each era's culture.
์ด ์ง์ญ ์ฌํฌ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ต์์ด ํน์ง์ ์ด์์.
The dialect of this region has a distinctive intonation.
์ด ๋ณ์ ํน์ง์ ์ธ ์ฆ์์ ์ด์ด์์.
The characteristic symptom of this disease is fever.
ํ๊ฒฉ์
pagyeokjjeok
shocking; unconventional
๊ทธ๋ ํ๊ฒฉ์ ์๋๋ฅผ ์ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ์ ๊ณ์์ ๊ต์ฅํ ์ ํ์ ์ผ์ผ์ผฐ๋ค.
He caused a great sensation in the art world by presenting an unconventional attempt.
์ด๋ฒ ์ ์ ํ์ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ด ํ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด์์.
The price of this new product is incredibly low.
๊ทธ๋ ํ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ์์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ด์.
He showed up with an unconventional hairstyle.
ํ๊ดด์
pagoejeok
destructive; devastating
์์ด๊ฐ ํ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์ง ๋ชปํ๊ณ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ ๋ถ์๋ ํ๊ดด์ ํ๋์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ ๊ฑฑ์ ์ค๋ฝ๋ค.
I'm worried because the child couldn't control his anger and showed destructive behavior, breaking things.
ํํ์ด ํ๊ดด์ ์ธ ํผํด๋ฅผ ๋จ๊ฒผ์ด์.
The typhoon left devastating damage.
๋ถ๋
ธ๋ฅผ ํ๊ดด์ ์ผ๋ก ํํํ๋ฉด ์ ๋ผ์.
You shouldn't express anger destructively.
ํ๊ตญ์
pagukjjeok
catastrophic
๊ธ์ต ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ํ๊ตญ์ ์ํฉ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์ ํ์ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ ์๊ธฐ๋ก ์ด์ด์ก๋ค.
The financial crisis developed into a catastrophic situation and led to an economic crisis.
๋ํ๊ฐ ์์ผ๋ฉด ๊ด๊ณ๋ ํ๊ตญ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ ์ ์์ด์.
Without communication, a relationship can end catastrophically.
์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ค์ ํ๊ตญ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐํ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ์ด์.
Experts warned of catastrophic climate change.
ํ์์
pasangjeok
wavy; wavelike; repeated
์๋ง์ ๊ตฐ์ฌ๋ค์ ์์ธ์ด ์ ์ ํ์์ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋๋ด ํญ๋ณตํ์ง ์์๋ค.
Even under the enemy's repeated waves of attack with countless soldiers, we never surrendered.
์๋ ํ์ ํ๋ฐ์ ํ์์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ํผ์ณค์ด์.
The other team launched wave after wave of attacks in the second half.
๋
ธ์กฐ๋ ํ์์ ์ผ๋ก ํ์
์ ์ด์ด ๊ฐ์ด์.
The union continued its strikes in repeated waves.
ํํ์
pahaengjeok
crippled; not working smoothly
๊ตฌ๋จ์ฃผ์ ๋
๋จ์ ์ธ ์ผ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ์ ํํ์ ์ด์์ผ๋ก ์ด์ด์ก๋ค.
The team owner's high-handed handling of affairs led to the team's crippled operation.
๊ตญํ๊ฐ ๋ฉฐ์น ์งธ ํํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด์๋๊ณ ์์ด์.
The National Assembly has been running dysfunctionally for days.
ํ์๊ฐ ํํ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋๋์ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด ์์์ด์.
The meeting ended in disarray with no conclusion.
ํธํ์
pyeonpajeok
partial; biased
๋ฐ ๊ต์๋ ๊น ๊ต์๊ฐ ์์ ์ ์ฃผ๊ด์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ํธํ์ ๊ฐ์๋ฅผ ํ๋ค๊ณ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ๋ค.
Professor Park attacked Professor Kim for giving biased lectures based on his own subjective views.
๊ทธ ์ฌํ์ ํ์ ์ ๋๋ฌด ํธํ์ ์ด์์ด์.
That referee's call was too biased.
๋ด์ค๋ฅผ ํธํ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด๋ํ๋ฉด ์ ๋ผ์.
The news shouldn't be reported in a biased way.
ํธํฅ์
pyeonhyangjeok
inclining; tending
์ด๋ฒ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ํ์ชฝ์ผ๋ก ์น์ฐ์น ๊ทธ์ ํธํฅ์ ์๊ฐ์ ๋๋ฌ๋๋ค.
This decision revealed his biased perspective, leaning to one side.
ํธํฅ์ ์ธ ์ ๋ณด๋ง ๋ณด๋ฉด ์๊ฐ์ด ์ข์์ ธ์.
If you only look at biased information, your thinking narrows.
๊ทธ ์กฐ์ฌ๋ ์ง๋ฌธ์ด ํธํฅ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ ์ง์ ์ ๋ฐ์์ด์.
That survey was criticized for having biased questions.
ํ๊ท ์
pyeonggyunjeok
average; mean
์ด๋ฒ ์ํ ํฉ๊ฒฉ์๋ค์ ํ๊ท ์ ๊ณต๋ถ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ ์ฌ ๋
์ด์๋ค.
The average study period for those who passed this exam was four years.
ํ๊ตญ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ํ๊ท ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ช ์์ ํด๊ทผํด์?
On average, what time do Koreans leave work?
์ ํค๋ ํ๊ท ์ ์ธ ํธ์ด์์.
My height is about average.
ํ๋ฉด์
pyeongmyeonjeok
flat; two-dimensional
์ฑํ์ธ๊ณผ์์ ํ๋ฉด์ ์ผ๊ตด์ ์
์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ ค์ค ์ ์๋ค๋ฉฐ ๊ด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ์๋ค.
The plastic surgery clinic advertised that it could make a flat face look three-dimensional.
์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ ์๊ทผ๊ฐ์ด ์์ด์ ํ๋ฉด์ ์ด์์.
This painting has no perspective, so it looks flat.
์์ค ์ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ๋๋ฌด ํ๋ฉด์ ์ด๋ผ์ ์์ฌ์ ์ด์.
It was a pity that the characters in the novel were so flat.
ํํํ๋ค
pyeonghaenghada
to go side by side (in lines)
๋๋ํ ๋ป์ ์ฒ ๋์์ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ ์ ์ฒ ๊ณผ ์๋ก ํํํ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌ๋ ธ๋ค.
On the tracks stretching side by side, the train ran parallel to the electric train.
๋ ์ง์ญ์ ์๋ ๋๋ก๋ ์ฒ ๋์ ํํํ๊ฒ ๋ ์์๋ค.
The road connecting the two areas ran parallel to the railway.
ํํ์
pyeonghwajeok
peaceful
๋ ๋๋ผ์ ์ํ ๋ถ์์ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ง ์๊ณ ํํ์ ๋ถ์๊ธฐ ์์ ํด๊ฒฐ๋๋ค.
The territorial dispute between the two countries was resolved in a peaceful atmosphere without the use of force.
์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ํํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์๋ฅผ ํ์ด์.
The citizens protested peacefully.
๊ฐ๋ฑ์ ํํ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ํด๊ฒฐํฉ์๋ค.
Let's resolve the conflict by peaceful means.
ํ์์
pyeswaejeok
closed (not exchanging with the outside)
ํ์์ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ ์ง๋ ๊ทธ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์๊ฒฌ์ ๋ค์ผ๋ ค๊ณ ํ์ง ์์๋ค.
Having a closed personality, he did not try to listen to other people's opinions.
๊ทธ ๋ง์์ ์ธ๋ถ์ธ์๊ฒ ์ข ํ์์ ์ด์์.
That village is a bit closed off to outsiders.
ํ์์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ง ๋ฌธํ๋ ๋ฐ๋์ด์ผ ํด์.
A closed organizational culture needs to change.
ํญ๋ ฅ์
pongnyeokjjeok
violent
์์๋๋ ๋๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ชฉ ๋ฑ์ ๋ค๊ณ ํญ๋ ฅ์ ํฌ์์ ์ผ์ผ์๋ค.
The protesters carried stones and wooden clubs and repeatedly engaged in violent struggles.
ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์์ด ์์ด์๊ฒ ๋์ ๊น์?
Could violent games be bad for children?
๊ทธ๋ ํ๊ฐ ๋๋ฉด ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณํด์.
He becomes violent when he gets angry.
ํญ๋ฐ์
pokppaljeok
explosive (spreading or forming suddenly)
์๋ก์ด ๋์์ธ์ด ํญ๋ฐ์ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋๋ฉด์ ํ์ฌ ๋งค์ถ์ด ํฅ์๋์๋ค.
As the new design gained explosive popularity, the company's sales improved.
๊ทธ ๋
ธ๋๋ ๋ฐํ๋์๋ง์ ํญ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์์ ์ป์์ด์.
That song got an explosive response as soon as it was released.
์ฌ๋ฆ์๋ ์์ด์ปจ ํ๋งค๊ฐ ํญ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋์ด์.
In summer, air conditioner sales increase explosively.
ํ๋ฉด์
pyomyeonjeok
external; seeming (appearing on the surface)
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ํ๋ฉด์ ์ธํ์ ๊ฑฐ์น ์ง๋ง ์๋ง์์ ๋ฐ๋ปํ๋ค.
Minjun's outward words and behavior were rough, but his heart was warm.
ํ๋ฉด์ ์ธ ์ด์ ์ ์ง์ง ์ด์ ๋ ๋ฌ๋ผ์.
The apparent reason and the real reason are different.
๋ ์ฌ๋์ ํ๋ฉด์ ์ผ๋ก๋ ์นํด ๋ณด์ฌ์.
On the surface, the two of them look close.
ํ์์
pungjajeok
satirical; sarcastic
๊ทธ๋ ํ์์ ์์ค์ ํตํด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ค์์ ์ ๋ํ ๋นํํ๋ค.
Through his satirical novel, he sharply criticized the reality of American society.
์ด ๋งํ๋ ์ ์น๋ฅผ ํ์์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ทธ๋ ธ์ด์.
This cartoon depicted politics satirically.
๊ทธ ์ฝ๋ฏธ๋์ธ์ ํ์์ ์ธ ๋๋ด์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ช
ํด์.
That comedian is famous for satirical jokes.
ํผ์์
pisangjeok
superficial; shallow
ํผ์์ ๊ด์ฐฐ๋ง์ผ๋ก๋ ์ฌํ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํด๊ฒฐ์ฑ
์ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ํ๋ค๋ค.
With superficial observation alone, it is hard to find a fundamental solution to social problems.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋๊ณผ๋ ํผ์์ ์ธ ๋ํ๋ง ํ์ด์.
I only had superficial conversations with that person.
๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํผ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ดํดํ๋ฉด ์ ๋ผ์.
You shouldn't understand the problem superficially.
ํ์ฌ์
pilsajeok
desperate; frantic
๊ทธ๋ค์ ๊ฒฐ์น์ ์์ ์์กด์ฌ์ ๊ฑด ํ์ฌ์ ๋๊ฒฐ์ ๋ฒ์๋ค.
They fought a desperate battle for their pride in the final.
๊ทธ๋ ํ์ฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฒ์ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ์์ด์.
He desperately ran after the bus.
๊ตฌ์กฐ๋๋ ํ์ฌ์ ์ธ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ ๋์ ์์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์์ด์.
After desperate efforts, the rescue team found the child.
ํ์์
pilsujeok
essential; indispensable; required
์์ ๋ชจ์ ๊ฐ์ ์์ ์ฅ์น๋ค์ ์ํ๋ฌผ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ํ ํ์์ ์กฐ์น์ด๋ค.
Safety devices like helmets are essential measures for managing hazardous materials.
์ธ๊ตญ ์ฌํ์์ ์ฌ๊ถ์ ํ์์ ์ด์์.
A passport is essential for traveling abroad.
๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์ํด ๋ฌผ์ ๋ง์๋ ๊ฑด ํ์์ ์ด์์.
Drinking water is essential for your health.
ํ์ฐ์
piryeonjeok
inevitable; unavoidable
๊ทธ๋ค์ ํ์ฐ์ ์ธ์ฐ์ผ๋ก ๋ค์ ๋ง๋ ๊ฒฐํผํด์ ํ๋ณตํ๊ฒ ์ด์๋ค.
They met again through an inevitable bond, got married, and lived happily.
๋ณํ๋ ํ์ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ ธ์์.
Change inevitably brings conflict.
๊ทธ๋ค์ ์ด๋ณ์ ํ์ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์์ด์.
Their breakup was an inevitable outcome.
ํ๊ตฌ์
hakkkujeok
academic; scholarly; intellectual
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ํ ํ๊ธฐ ๋ด๋ด ํ๊ตฌ์ ํ๋๋ก ๊ฐ์์ ์ง์คํ์๋ค.
Yumin focused on the lectures with a scholarly attitude the whole semester.
๊ทธ ํ์์ ํ๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ํ๋๊ฐ ๋๋ณด์ฌ์.
That student's scholarly attitude stands out.
๋์๊ด์ ๋ ํ๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๋ถ์๊ธฐ์์.
The library always has a studious atmosphere.
ํ๋ฌธ์
hangmunjeok
academic; learned; scholarly
์ต ๊ต์๋ ๊ทธ๋์ ๋ง์ ํ๋ฌธ์ ์ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋๋ค.
Professor Choi has produced many academic achievements over the years.
์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ํ๋ฌธ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์น๊ฐ ์ปค์.
This research has great academic value.
ํ๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๊ธ์ ์ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋ ค์์.
Academic texts are hard to write.
ํ์ ์
hakssuljeok
academic; scientific; scholarly
๊น ๊ต์๋ ํ๊ตญ ๋ฌธํ๋ฅผ ํ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ค๋ฃฌ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ์ผ๋ค.
Professor Kim wrote a paper dealing with Korean culture academically.
๋ค์ ๋ฌ์ ํ์ ์ ์ธ ์ธ๋ฏธ๋๊ฐ ์ด๋ ค์.
An academic seminar will be held next month.
์ด ์ ์ ์ ํ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋งค์ฐ ์ค์ํด์.
These ruins are academically very important.
ํ์์
hakjjajeok
scholarly; learned; erudite
๊น ๊ต์๋ ํ์์ ์์ฌ์ ์์ธ ์ฑ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ํ์ ํด ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋น๋์ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
Professor Kim was criticized for plagiarizing a paper while deceiving his scholarly conscience.
๊ทธ๋ ํ์์ ์ธ ํ๋๋ก ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ์ด์.
He analyzed the problem with a scholarly attitude.
๊ทธ ์๊ฐ๋ ํ์์ ์ธ ์ง์์ด ํ๋ถํด์.
That writer has a wealth of scholarly knowledge.
ํ๊ตญ์
hangukjjeok
being Korean; Korean style
ํ๋ณต์๋ ๋จ์ํ๊ณ ์ฐ์ํ ํ๊ตญ์ ์ธ ์๋ฆ๋ค์์ด ์๋ค.
Hanbok has an elegant, graceful Korean beauty.
์ด ์นดํ๋ ์ธํ
๋ฆฌ์ด๊ฐ ์์ฃผ ํ๊ตญ์ ์ด์์.
This cafรฉ's interior is very Korean in style.
๊ฐ์ฅ ํ๊ตญ์ ์ธ ์์์ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํด์?
What do you think is the most Korean food?
ํ์
pilsu
requirement; must
๊ธ์ฐ๊ธฐ ์์
์ ์กธ์
ํ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ๋ฐ๋์ ์ด์ํด์ผ ํ ํ์ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด๋ค.
Writing class is a required subject that must be completed before graduation.
์ํ ๊ด๊ณ ์ ํ์ ์๊ฑด์ ์๋น์์ ์ด๋ชฉ์ ๋์ด ๊ตฌ๋งค ์์ฌ๋ฅผ ์๊ทนํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
The essential requirement of a product ad is to catch consumers' attention and stimulate their intent to buy.
์์ง์ ์๋์ฐจ์ ํ์ ๋ถํ์ด๋ค.
The engine is an indispensable part of a car.
ํ๋ํ๋ํ๋ค
haneulhaneulhada
sway; flutter feebly
๋์ด๋์ ๋นจ๋๊ฐ ๋ฐ๋์ ํ๋ํ๋ํ๋ค.
The hung laundry fluttered gently in the wind.
์ง์๋ ํ๋ํ๋ํ ๋ธ๋ผ์ฐ์ค๋ฅผ ์
๊ณ ์์๋ค.
Jisoo was wearing a light, flowing blouse.
ํ์์
hansijeok
temporary; for the time being
์ด๋ฐ ๋ช๋ช์ ์ธ๊ธ ๊ฐ๋ฉด ์กฐ์น๋ ํ์์ ์กฐ์น์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ค.
These few tax reduction measures are only temporary measures.
์ด ๋ฉ๋ด๋ ์ฌ๋ฆ์๋ง ํ์์ ์ผ๋ก ํ์์.
This menu item is sold only for a limited time in summer.
ํ์์ ์ธ ํ ์ธ ํ์ฌ๋๊น ์๋๋ฅด์ธ์.
It's a limited-time sale, so hurry.
ํ์ ์
hanjeongjeok
limited; restrictive
๊ทธ ๋ฒ์น์ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ ์๋ ๋งค์ฐ ํ์ ์ ์ํฉ์์๋ง ์ฑ๋ฆฝ๋์๋ค.
That rule only held true in very limited situations, not all cases.
์ด ์ํ์ ์๋์ด ํ์ ์ ์ด์์.
This product is available in limited quantities.
์ด ๋จ์ด๋ ํ์ ์ ์ธ ์ํฉ์์๋ง ์จ์.
This word is used only in limited situations.
ํ์ฐฝ
hanchang
at the peak; in full swing
๋ด์ด๋ผ ๋คํ์๋ ๊ฝ์ด ํ์ฐฝ ํผ์ด ์์๋ค.
Since it was spring, the flowers were in full bloom in the fields.
์ง๊ธ ์ถ์ ๊ฐ ํ์ฐฝ์ด์์.
The festival is in full swing right now.
ํ์ฐฝ ์ผํ๊ณ ์์ ๋ ์ ํ๊ฐ ์์ด์.
A call came right when I was in the middle of working.
ํจ์ถ์
hamchukjjeok
implicative; connotative; suggestive
๊ทธ์ ์ํ๋ ํ๋์ธ๋ค์ ์ถ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ๋ฅผ ํจ์ถ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋๋ค.
His film suggestively depicted the lives and culture of modern people.
์๋ ์งง์ง๋ง ์๋ฏธ๊ฐ ํจ์ถ์ ์ด์์.
Poems are short, but their meanings are rich in implication.
๊ทธ์ ๋๋ต์ ํจ์ถ์ ์ด์ด์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๋ฒ ์๊ฐํ์ด์.
His answer was suggestive, so I thought about it many times.
ํฉ๋ฆฌ์
hamnijeok
rational; reasonable
ํ์ฌ๋ ์๊ธ ์ฑ
์ ์ ์ํ ํฉ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ธฐ์ค ์ค์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ๋ค.
The company deliberated over setting a rational standard for determining wages.
์ด ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ด๋ฉด ํฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์.
At this price, it seems reasonable.
๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ํด๊ฒฐํด ๋ด
์๋ค.
Let's try to solve the problem rationally.
ํฉ๋ฒ์
happpeopjjeok
legal; legitimate; lawful
ํฉ๋ฒ์ ์ด์ฃผ ๋
ธ๋์๋ค์ ์ผ๋ฐ ๊ทผ๋ก์์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ถ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ฅํ๋ค.
Legal migrant workers claimed the same rights as regular workers.
์ด ์ฌ์
์ ๋ชจ๋ ํฉ๋ฒ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด์๋ผ์.
This business is operated entirely legally.
ํฉ๋ฒ์ ์ธ ์ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์ ์ง์ ์์ด์.
I bought the house through legal procedures.
ํญ๊ตฌ์
hanggujeok
permanent; everlasting
์ด ์์ค์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ํญ๊ตฌ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ํธ์ํ์ฌ ํฐ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ป์๋ค.
This novel gained great popularity by appealing to people's permanent emotions.
๋ ๋๋ผ๋ ํญ๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ํํ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์ํ์ด์.
The two countries promised permanent peace.
์ด ๋ค๋ฆฌ๋ ํญ๊ตฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ธ ์ ์๊ฒ ์ง์์ด์.
This bridge was built to be used permanently.
ํดํ์
haehakjjeok
humorous; jesting; witty
์ด ์ํ์ ์ด๋ ค์ด ๊ณ ์ ์ด์ง๋ง ํดํ์ ํํ์ด ๋ง์์ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๊ฒ ์ฝ์ ์ ์๋ค.
This work is a difficult classic, but it has many humorous expressions, so it can be read enjoyably.
ํ์ถค์๋ ํดํ์ ์ธ ์ฅ๋ฉด์ด ๋ง์์.
Korean mask dance has many humorous scenes.
๊ทธ๋ ํ๋ ์ํฉ์ ํดํ์ ์ผ๋ก ํํํ์ด์.
He expressed the difficult situation with humor.
ํต์ฌ์
haekssimjeok
central; key; main
๋ฐ ์ฅ๊ด์ ๊ทธ๋์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ ๊ต์ก ๋ฐ์ ์ ํต์ฌ์ ์ญํ ์ ํด ์๋ค.
Minister Park has played a central role in our country's educational development.
์ด ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ด ๊ธ์ ํต์ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ด์ฉ์ด์์.
This sentence is the key content of the text.
๊ทธ๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ ํต์ฌ์ ์ธ ์ ์์์.
He is a key player on our team.
ํ์ ์
haengjeongjeok
administrative
์ ๋ถ๋ ํ๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ํ ๊ธฐ์
์ ํ์ ์ ๊ท์ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐํํ๋ค.
The government strengthened administrative regulations on companies regarding environmental issues.
์๋ฅ์ ํ์ ์ ์ธ ์ค๋ฅ๊ฐ ์์์ด์.
There was an administrative error in the documents.
์ด์ฌํ๋ฉด ํ์ ์ ์ธ ์ ์ฐจ๊ฐ ๋ง์์.
When you move, there are many administrative procedures.
ํฅ๋ฝ์
hyangnakjjeok
entertaining; pleasure-seeking; hedonic
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํฅ๋ฝ์ ๋ถ์๊ธฐ์ ์ทจํด ์ ์ ๋ง์ด ๋ง์๊ณ ๋
ธ๋๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋ ๋ค.
Caught up in the hedonistic atmosphere, we drank a lot and sang songs.
๊ทธ๋ ์ ์ ๋ ํฅ๋ฝ์ ์ธ ์ํ์ ํ์ด์.
He lived a pleasure-seeking life when he was young.
ํฅ๋ฝ์ ์ธ ์๋น ๋ฌธํ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ๋๊ณ ์์ด์.
A hedonistic consumer culture is becoming a problem.
ํ์ ์
heonsinjeok
devoted; dedicated; committed
๋จ์์ ํ์ ์ ๊ตฌ์ ๊ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋
์ ๋ง์์ ์์ง์๋ค.
The man's devoted courtship eventually won her heart.
์ด๋จธ๋์ ํ์ ์ ์ธ ์ฌ๋์ ๊ฐ์ฌํด์.
I'm grateful for my mother's devoted love.
๊ฐํธ์ฌ๋ค์ด ํ์๋ค์ ํ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ดค์ด์.
The nurses cared for the patients with dedication.
ํ๋ช
์
hyeongmyeongjeok
revolutionary
๊น ๊ต์๋ ํํ์์ ํ๋ช
์ ์ฃผ์ฅ์ ์๋กญ๊ฒ ํผ์ณค๋ค.
Professor Kim put forward a new revolutionary argument at the conference.
์ค๋งํธํฐ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ํ์ ํ๋ช
์ ์ธ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ธ์์ด์.
Smartphones brought revolutionary changes to our lives.
๊ทธ ๋ฐ๋ช
์ ์ ๋ง ํ๋ช
์ ์ด์์ด์.
That invention was truly revolutionary.
ํ์ ์
hyeokssinjeok
innovative; progressive; groundbreaking
์ ๊ต์ก์์ ์ต๊ทผ์ ํ์ ์ ๊ต์ก ์ฒ ํ์ ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์์ฑ๋์๋ค.
The new education plan was written to reflect recent innovative educational philosophy.
์ด ํ์ฌ๋ ํ์ ์ ์ธ ์ ํ์ ๋ง์ด ๋ง๋ค์ด์.
This company makes many innovative products.
ํ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ฐํด์ผ ์ด์๋จ์ ์ ์์ด์.
You have to think innovatively to survive.
ํ๋์
hyeondaejeok
modern; modernistic
๊ตญ์
๋์๋ ํ๋์ ์์
์ ์ ํต ์์
์ ์์๋ฅผ ๋ฃ์ ๋
ธ๋์ด๋ค.
Gugak children's songs are songs that incorporate elements of traditional music into modern music.
์ด ํ์ฅ์ ๋ด๋ถ๊ฐ ํ๋์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๋์์ด์.
The interior of this hanok was modernized.
์ ๋์๊ด์ ์์ฃผ ํ๋์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด์์.
The new library is a very modern building.
ํ์ค์
hyeonsiljeok
realistic; practical; probable
์ด๋ฒ ์ด์ ์์๋ ํ์ค์ ๊ณต์ฝ์ ๋ด์ธ์ด ํ๋ณด์๋ค์ด ์ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์ป์๋ค.
In this general election, candidates who put forward realistic pledges gained trust.
์ข ๋ ํ์ค์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ ๋ณด์ธ์.
Try setting a more realistic goal.
๊ทธ ๊ณํ์ ํ์ค์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ๊ฐ๋ฅํด์.
That plan is realistically impossible.
ํํ์
hyeonhakjjeok
pedantic; inkhorn
๊ทธ๋
๋ ํํ์ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์จ ๊ฐ๋ฉฐ ์ธ๋ จ๋ ์ฒ์ ํ์ง๋ง ์ค์ ์ด๋ํ๊ณ ์ธ์์ ๋ฌด์งํ ์ฌ๋์ด์๋ค.
She pretended to be sophisticated by speaking in a pedantic manner, but was actually inarticulate and ignorant of the world.
ํํ์ ์ธ ๋ง๋ณด๋ค ์ฌ์ด ๋ง์ด ์ข์์.
Plain words are better than pedantic ones.
๊ทธ ๊ต์์ ๊ฐ์๋ ๋๋ฌด ํํ์ ์ด๋ผ์ ์ด๋ ค์์.
That professor's lectures are too pedantic, so they're hard.
ํ๋์
hyeopttongjeok
cooperative; collaborative
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์์
์๊ฐ์ ํ๋์ ํ์ต ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ํตํด ์๋ก ๋์ ๊ฐ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํด๊ฒฐํ๋ค.
During class, we solved problems by helping each other through a cooperative learning method.
์ด ํ๋ก์ ํธ๋ ํ๋์ ์ธ ํ๋๊ฐ ๋ฌด์๋ณด๋ค ์ค์ํด์.
In this project, a cooperative attitude matters more than anything.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ ํ๋์ ์ผ๋ก ์ผํด์ ๋ง๊ฐ์ ์ง์ผฐ์ด์.
Our team worked collaboratively and met the deadline.
ํ์กฐ์
hyeopjjojeok
cooperative; collaborative; coordinating
๊ทธ๋ ์ฒ์๋ถํฐ ์์ฌ์ ํ์กฐ์ ์์ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฌ ์์ฌ๊ฐ ์ํํ๊ฒ ์ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก๋ค.
He showed a cooperative attitude toward the investigation from the start, so the investigation went smoothly.
์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋ค์ด ํ์กฐ์ ์ด์ด์ ์กฐ์ฌ๊ฐ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋๋ฌ์ด์.
The residents were cooperative, so the survey finished quickly.
์๋ ํ์ฌ๊ฐ ํ์กฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋์ฌ์ง ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ด์.
I'm not sure whether the other company will be cooperative.
ํ์์
hyeongsikjjeok
formal
๊ทธ๋ ์๋ฅ ์ฌ์ฌ๊ฐ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ํ ์ฌ์ฌ๊ฐ ์๋ ํ์์ ์ฌ์ฌ์ ๊ทธ์น๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ํด ๋นํํ๋ค.
He criticized the fact that the document review was only a formal review, not a review of the content.
๊ทธ ํ์๋ ๋๋ฌด ํ์์ ์ด๋ผ์ ์๊ฐ ๋ญ๋น์์ด์.
That meeting was so much of a formality that it was a waste of time.
ํ์์ ์ธ ์ธ์ฌ ๋ง๊ณ ์ง์ฌ์ ๋ฃ๊ณ ์ถ์ด์.
I want to hear what you really think, not a perfunctory greeting.
ํํ์
hyeongtaejeok
physical; morphological
์ฑ์ฅ๊ธฐ์๋ ์ฌ๋์ ์ ์ฒด์ ํํ์ ๋ณํ๊ฐ ์ผ์ด๋๋ค.
During the growth period, morphological changes occur in a person's body.
๋ ์๋ฌผ์ ํํ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋งค์ฐ ๋น์ทํด์.
The two plants are morphologically very similar.
์ฐ๊ตฌ์ง์ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ ํํ์ ํน์ง์ ์์ธํ ๊ด์ฐฐํ์ด์.
The researchers closely observed the insects' morphological features.
ํธ์์
houijeok
favorable; friendly; amicable
ํ์์ ํธ์์ ์ธ ๋ถ์๊ธฐ ์์์ ์์กฐ๋กญ๊ฒ ์งํ๋์๋ค.
The negotiations proceeded smoothly in a favorable atmosphere.
๊ด๊ฐ๋ค์ ์ ์ํ์ ๋์ฒด๋ก ํธ์์ ์ด์์ด์.
The audience was generally favorable toward the new film.
์ฒ์ ๋ง๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๋ชจ๋ ํธ์์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ํด ์คฌ์ด์.
Everyone I met for the first time treated me in a friendly way.
ํธ์ ์
hojeonjeok
belligerent; hostile; aggressive
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ํธ์ ์ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ ๋๋ฌธ์ ํญํ๋ฉด ์ธ์ฐ๊ณ ๋ ํ๋ค.
Minjun used to fight at the drop of a hat because of his belligerent personality.
๊ทธ ๋๋ผ์ ํธ์ ์ ์ธ ํ๋๊ฐ ์ด์ ๋๋ผ๋ค์ ๊ธด์ฅ์์ผฐ์ด์.
That country's belligerent attitude put its neighbors on edge.
๊ทธ๋ ํ ๋ก ์ค์ ์ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ํธ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋งํ์๊น์?
Why did he speak so aggressively during the debate?
ํธํ์
hohyejeok
reciprocal
์ง๊ถ ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ํธ ํธํ์ ๊ด๊ณ ์์์ ์ฒ ์ ํ ์ ์ฐฉ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ํ์ฑํ๋ค.
The ruling power and the newspaper formed a thoroughly collusive relationship within a mutually reciprocal bond.
๋ ๋๋ผ๋ ํธํ์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์ญ ํ์ ์ ๋งบ์์ด์.
The two countries signed a reciprocal trade agreement.
์ข์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ ์๋ก ํธํ์ ์ด์ด์ผ ์ค๋๊ฐ์.
Good relationships last only when they are mutually beneficial.
ํํ์
hwahakjjeok
chemical; being based on or related to chemistry
์ด ์ฝํ์ ํํ์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๊ณต์ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ํด์ ๋ง๋ค์ด์ก๋ค.
This drug was made through a chemical manufacturing process.
์ด ๋ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ์์ผ๋ฉด ํํ์ ๋ณํ๊ฐ ์ผ์ด๋์.
When you mix these two substances, a chemical change takes place.
๋
น์ ์ฒ ์ด ์ฐ์์ ํํ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฐํฉํด์ ์๊ฒจ์.
Rust forms when iron combines chemically with oxygen.
ํ์ ์
hwakjjeongjeok
definitive; conclusive; being definitely determined
์ง์๋ ๋ถ์์ด ์ปค์ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํ๋ฝ์ด ํ์ ์ ์ด์๋ค.
Because Jisoo's injury was serious, her elimination from the match was definitive.
์์ง ํ์ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ๋ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ ์ด๋ฆ
๋๋ค.
It is still too early to draw a definitive conclusion.
์ฌ๋ก ์กฐ์ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ ๊ทธ์ ๋น์ ์ด ํ์ ์ ์ด์์.
Judging by the poll results, his election is all but certain.
ํ๊ฒฝ์
hwangyeongjeok
environmental; relating to natural conditions or situations that affect living things or humans
์ง์๋ ์ด์ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์ ํ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ฌ๋ผ์ก๋ค.
After Jisoo moved and went through an environmental change, her personality changed.
์์ด์ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ์์ธ์ ์ํฅ๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ฐ์์.
A child's personality is also greatly influenced by environmental factors.
์ ๊ณต์ฅ์ด ํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์๋์ง ๊ฒํ ํ์ด์.
We reviewed whether the new factory poses any environmental problems.
ํ์์
hwansangjeok
illusionary; dreamy; fantastic
์ฌ๋๋ค์ ํ์์ ๊ณต์ฐ์ ๋ณด์ฌ ์ค ๊ฐ์์๊ฒ ๊ธฐ๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ์๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋๋ค.
People gave a standing ovation to the singer who put on a fantastic performance.
์ ์ฃผ๋์์ ๋ณธ ์ผ๋ชฐ์ ์ ๋ง ํ์์ ์ด์์ด์.
The sunset I saw on Jeju Island was truly fantastic.
์ด ์ผ์ดํฌ ๋ง์ด ํ์์ ์ธ๋ฐ ์ด๋์ ์์ด์?
This cake tastes fantastic. Where did you buy it?
ํ๋์
hwaldongjeok
active; energetic
์กฐ์ฉํ๊ณ ๋ด์ฑ์ ์ด๋ ์น๊ท๋ ์ด๋์ ํ๋ฉด์ ํ๋์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณํ๋ค.
Seunggyu, who used to be quiet and introverted, became active as he exercised.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ ๋จธ๋๋ ๋์ด์ ๋นํด ์์ฃผ ํ๋์ ์ด์ธ์.
My grandmother is very active for her age.
ํ๋์ ์ธ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ๋ ์ด ์ผ์ด ์ ๋ง์ ๊ฑฐ์์.
This job will suit an active person well.
ํ์์
hoeuijeok
skeptical; suspicious; doubtful
๊ทธ๋ค์ ์์๋ค์ ๋ฌธ์ ํด๊ฒฐ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๋ํด ํ์์ ๋ฐ์์ ๋ณด์๋ค.
They showed a skeptical reaction toward the executives' problem-solving ability.
๋ง์ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ค์ด ๊ทธ ๊ณํ์ ํ์์ ์ด์์.
Many experts are skeptical about that plan.
์ฒ์์๋ ํ์์ ์ด์์ง๋ง ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์๊ฐ์ด ๋ฐ๋์์ด์.
I was skeptical at first, but I changed my mind after seeing the results.
ํ๊ธฐ์
hoekkkijeok
groundbreaking; epoch-making; revolutionary
์ปดํจํฐ๋ ํ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ๋ช
ํ์ด๋ค.
The computer is a groundbreaking invention.
๊ทธ ํ์ฌ๋ ํ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ ๋ก ์์ฅ์ ๋ฐ๊ฟจ์ด์.
That company changed the market with groundbreaking technology.
๊ตํต ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํด๊ฒฐํ ํ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด ์์๊น์?
Isn't there some groundbreaking way to solve the traffic problem?
ํ์ผ์
hoegiljeok
uniform; monolithic; standardized
์ฌ์
์ฅ ์ง์๋ค ์ ์์ด ์ ๋ํผ์ ์ฐฉ์ฉํ์ฌ ํ์ผ์ ์ท์ฐจ๋ฆผ์ ํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
All the employees at the workplace wear uniforms, dressing in a standardized way.
ํ์ผ์ ์ธ ๊ต์ก์ผ๋ก๋ ์ฐฝ์์ฑ์ ํค์ฐ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ค์์.
It's hard to develop creativity through uniform education.
์์ฆ ์ํํธ๋ค์ ๋ชจ์์ด ๋๋ฌด ํ์ผ์ ์ด์์.
Apartment buildings these days all look far too uniform.
ํก์
hoengjeok
horizontal; widthwise
ํ์ฌ๋ ๊ฐ ์ง์ฌ๋ค ๊ฐ์ ํก์ ์ฐ๋ฝ ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถํ๋ค.
The company built a horizontal communication system between its branches.
๋ถ์ ๊ฐ ํก์ ์ํต์ด ๋ถ์กฑํด์ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์๊ฒผ์ด์.
Problems arose due to a lack of horizontal communication between departments.
์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๋๋ผ๋ฅผ ํก์ ์ผ๋ก ๋น๊ตํ์ด์.
This study compared several countries horizontally, side by side.
ํจ๊ณผ์
hyogwajeok
effective; effectual
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ ์๋ ํ์ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ง์ ๋๋ค.
Our team effectively blocked the opposing team's attack.
๋จ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ฅ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด ๋ญ์์?
What's the most effective way to memorize words?
๋งค์ผ ์กฐ๊ธ์ฉ ์ด๋ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๋ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์์.
Exercising a little every day is more effective.
ํจ์จ์
hyoyuljeok
efficient; effective
์ฌํ์ฉํ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ํจ์จ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด๋ค.
Using recycled goods is economically efficient.
์๊ฐ์ ํจ์จ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๋ ค๊ณ ๊ณํํ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค์์ด์.
I made a schedule to use my time efficiently.
์ด ์ธํ๊ธฐ๋ ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํจ์จ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉํด์.
This washing machine uses electricity efficiently.
ํ์ฒ์
hucheonjeok
acquired
์ง๋ฅ์ ํ๊ณ ๋๊ธฐ๋ ํ์ง๋ง ํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ํด ํ์ฒ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฐ์ ๋๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค.
Intelligence is partly innate, but it can also be acquired through one's environment.
์ธ๊ตญ์ด ์ค๋ ฅ์ ํ์ฒ์ ์ธ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ผ๋ก ์ถฉ๋ถํ ํค์ธ ์ ์์ด์.
Foreign language skills can be fully developed through effort made later in life.
๊ทธ ๋ณ์ ์ ์ฒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ ์๋๋ผ ํ์ฒ์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์.
That illness isn't congenital; it's acquired.
ํฌ๊ทน์
huigeukjjeok
being comical
์ด ์ฐ๊ทน์ ์ ์์ด๋ผ๋ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ด ์ฃผ์ ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ทน์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๊ฒ ๊ทธ๋ ธ๋ค.
This play portrayed the heavy topic of war in a comical, entertaining way.
๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๋ ํฌ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ฐ๊ธฐ๋ก ๊ด๊ฐ์ ์๊ฒผ์ด์.
The actor made the audience laugh with his comical acting.
์ฌ๊ฐํ ์ํฉ์ด์์ง๋ง ์ด๋๊ฐ ํฌ๊ทน์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ ํ์ด์.
It was a serious situation, but it was also somewhat comical.
ํฌ๋ง์
huimangjeok
hopeful; optimistic
๋ํต๋ น์ ์ํด๋ฅผ ๋ง์ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋ค์๊ฒ ํฌ๋ง์ ๋ฉ์์ง๋ฅผ ์ ํ๋ค.
The president delivered a hopeful message to the people for the new year.
์์ฌ๊ฐ ํฌ๋ง์ ์ธ ์์์ ์ ํด ์คฌ์ด์.
The doctor gave us hopeful news.
์ฌํด ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ๋ง์ ํฌ๋ง์ ์ผ๊น์?
Will this year's economic outlook be hopeful?
ํฌ์์
huisaengjeok
sacrificial
์ด๋จธ๋๋ ์์๋ค์ ์ํด ํญ์ ์ ์ฐ์๋ ํฌ์์ ์ถ์ ์ฌ์
จ๋ค.
My mother lived a sacrificial life, always striving for her children.
๊ทธ ๊ฐํธ์ฌ๋ ํ์๋ค์ ์ํด ํฌ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ผํ์ด์.
That nurse worked self-sacrificingly for the patients.
๋ถ๋ชจ๋์ ํฌ์์ ์ธ ์ฌ๋ ๋๋ถ์ ์ ๊ฐ ์ฌ๊ธฐ๊น์ง ์์ด์.
Thanks to my parents' sacrificial love, I've come this far.
ํฌํ์
huihwajeok
being comical; being humorous; being witty
์ด ์ํ์ ์ญ์ฌ์ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ฌํด์ํ์ฌ ํฌํ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ฝ๋ฏธ๋ ์ํ์ด๋ค.
This work is a comedy film that reinterprets historical facts and portrays them in a comical way.
๊ทธ ๋งํ๋ ์ ์น์ธ๋ค์ ํฌํ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ทธ๋ ธ์ด์.
That cartoon depicted politicians in a humorous, caricatured way.
ํฌํ์ ์ธ ํํ์ด ์ง๋์น๋ฉด ๋ถ์พ๊ฐ์ ์ค ์ ์์ด์.
Overly comical portrayals can make people uncomfortable.
์ฒจ์ํ๋ค
cheomyehada
acute; intense (a conflict or situation)
๋ ๋๋ผ ์ฌ์ด์ ์ฒจ์ํ ๊ฐ๋ฑ์ด ๊ณ์๋๊ณ ์๋ค.
An acute conflict continues between the two countries.
๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๋๊ณ ์๊ฒฌ์ด ์ฒจ์ํ๊ฒ ๋๋ฆฝํ์ด์.
Opinions clashed sharply over that issue.
๋
ธ์ฌ ๊ฐ ๋๋ฆฝ์ด ์ฌ์ ํ ์ฒจ์ํฉ๋๋ค.
The conflict between labor and management is still acute.
์ฒจ์ํ
cheomyehwa
intensification (of a conflict)
๋
ธ์ฌ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฐ๋ฑ์ด ์ฒจ์ํ๋ก ์น๋ซ๊ณ ์๋ค.
The conflict between labor and management is heading toward intensification.
์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ ๋ค๊ฐ์ค๋ฉด์ ๊ฐ๋ฑ์ ์ฒจ์ํ๊ฐ ์ฐ๋ ค๋ผ์.
As the election approaches, there are concerns about the conflict intensifying.
๋ํ๊ฐ ๋๊ธฐ์ ๋ ๋๋ผ์ ๋๋ฆฝ์ด ์ฒจ์ํ๋์์ด์.
When talks broke off, the confrontation between the two countries intensified.
์ฒฉ์ฒฉ์ด
cheopcheobi
in layers; one over another
์ฐ๋ค์ด ์ฒฉ์ฒฉ์ด ๊ฒน์ณ ์๋ ํ๊ฒฝ์ด ์ฅ๊ด์ด์๋ค.
The scenery of mountains layered one over another was spectacular.
์ฑ
์ ์์ ์๋ฅ๊ฐ ์ฒฉ์ฒฉ์ด ์์ฌ ์์ด์.
Documents are piled up layer upon layer on the desk.
๊ฑฑ์ ์ด ์ฒฉ์ฒฉ์ด ์์ฌ์ ์ ์ด ์ ์์.
Worries have piled up one on top of another, so I can't sleep.
์ฒซ๊ฑธ์
cheotkkeoreum
first step
์์ด๊ฐ ์ฒซ๊ฑธ์์ ๋ด๋๋ ์๊ฐ ๊ฐ์กฑ๋ค์ด ํํธํ๋ค.
The family cheered the moment the child took their first step.
ํ๊ตญ์ด ๊ณต๋ถ์ ์ฒซ๊ฑธ์์ ํ๊ธ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ์์.
The first step in studying Korean is learning Hangul.
์์ ์ ์ถ์ด ๋ถ์๊ฐ ๋๋ ์ฒซ๊ฑธ์์ด ๋ ์ ์์ด์.
Small savings can be the first step to becoming rich.
์ฒซ๋ฐ
cheotppal
first step
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์๋ก์ด ์ฌ์
์ ์ฒซ๋ฐ์ ๋ด๋์๋ค.
We took the first step in our new business.
๊ทธ๋ ๊ฐ์๋ก์ ์ฒซ๋ฐ์ ๋ ์ง ์ผ ๋
์ด ๋์ด์.
It's been a year since he took his first step as a singer.
์ฌํ์ ์ฒซ๋ฐ์ ๋ด๋๋ ๋ ๋ฌด์์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋๋ ค์ ์ด์?
What scared you most when you took your first step into the working world?
์ฒซ์งธ๊ฐ๋ค
cheotjjaegada
be first; be the best
๊ทธ๋
๋ ๋ฏธ๋ชจ๋ก๋ ์ด ๋ง์์์ ์ฒซ์งธ๊ฐ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด๋ค.
She is the most beautiful person in this village.
์ด ์๋น์ ์ด ๋๋ค์์ ์ฒซ์งธ๊ฐ๋ ๋ง์ง์ด์์.
This restaurant is the best eatery in this neighborhood.
๊ทธ๋ ์ฑ์คํจ์ผ๋ก๋ ํ์ฌ์์ ์ฒซ์งธ๊ฐ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด์์.
When it comes to diligence, he's the best in the company.
์ฒญ๊ฒฐํ๋ค
cheonggyeolhada
clean; tidy
๊ทธ๋ ํญ์ ์ฒญ๊ฒฐํ ๋ณต์ฅ์ ์ ์งํ๋ค.
He always keeps his clothing clean and tidy.
์๋น ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์ ํญ์ ์ฒญ๊ฒฐํด์ผ ํด์.
A restaurant kitchen must always be clean.
์ด ํธํ
์ ๋ฐฉ์ด ์ฒญ๊ฒฐํ๊ณ ์ง์๋ ์น์ ํ์ด์.
This hotel had clean rooms and friendly staff.
์ฒญ๊ฒฐํ
cheonggyeolhi
cleanly; tidily
์์์ ๋ง๋ค ๋๋ ์์ ์ฒญ๊ฒฐํ ๊ด๋ฆฌํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
When cooking, you must keep your hands clean.
์ฌ๋ฆ์๋ ์์์ ์ฒญ๊ฒฐํ ๋ณด๊ดํด์ผ ํด์.
In summer, you need to store food hygienically.
์์ฒ ๋ถ์๋ฅผ ์ฒญ๊ฒฐํ ํ๊ณ ์ฝ์ ๋ฐ๋์ด์.
I cleaned the wound area and applied medicine.
์ฒญ๋ ด
cheongnyeom
integrity; rectitude
๊ณต์ง์์๊ฒ๋ ์ฒญ๋ ด์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ํฐ ๋ฏธ๋์ด๋ค.
For a public official, integrity is the greatest virtue.
๊ทธ ํ์ฌ๋ ํ์ ์ฒญ๋ ด์ ์งํค๋ฉฐ ์ด์์ด์.
That judge lived his whole life maintaining his integrity.
๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ ์น์ธ์๊ฒ ์ฒญ๋ ด์ ์๊ตฌํฉ๋๋ค.
Citizens demand integrity from politicians.
์ฒญ๋ ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑ
cheongnyeomgyeolbaek
incorruptibility; integrity
ํ์ฌ๋ ์ฒญ๋ ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑ์ ์๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ ธ์ผ ํ๋ค.
A judge must bear the duty of incorruptibility.
๊ทธ๋ ์ฒญ๋ ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑ์ ์ ์กฐ๋ก ์ผ์ ์ผํ์ด์.
He worked with incorruptibility as his creed.
๊ณต๋ฌด์์๊ฒ ์ฒญ๋ ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑ์ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์์ธ์์.
For a public servant, incorruptibility is a basic attitude.
์ฒญ๋ ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑํ๋ค
cheongnyeomgyeolbaekada
incorruptible; upright
๊ทธ๋ ๋๋ฌผ์ ๊ฑฐ์ ํ ์ฒญ๋ ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑํ ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ช
ํ๋ค.
He was famous as an incorruptible official who refused bribes.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ ์๋ฒ์ง๋ ์ฒญ๋ ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑํ๊ฒ ๊ณต์ง ์ํ์ ํ์
จ์ด์.
My grandfather served in public office with complete integrity.
์ฒญ๋ ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑํ ์ง๋์๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ฝ์ง ์์์.
It's not easy to find an incorruptible leader.
์ฒญ๋ ดํ๋ค
cheongnyeomhada
incorruptible; upright
๊ทธ ์์ฅ์ ์ฒญ๋ ดํ ๊ณต์ง์๋ก ํํ์ด ์ข์๋ค.
That mayor had a good reputation as an incorruptible official.
๊ทธ ์ฅ๊ด์ ์ฒญ๋ ดํ๊ธฐ๋ก ์๋ฌธ์ด ๋ ์์ด์.
That minister is known for being incorruptible.
์ฒญ๋ ดํ๊ฒ ์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์์ ์ ๋ฌผ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ ํด์ผ ํ ๊น์?
To live with integrity, should you refuse even small gifts?
์ฒญ๋ช
ํ๋ค
cheongmyeonghada
clear (weather)
์ฒญ๋ช
ํ ๊ฐ์๋ ํ๋์ ์ ๋ํ ํธ๋ฅด๋ ๋ค.
On the clear autumn day, the sky was unusually blue.
์ค๋์ ํ๋์ด ์ฒญ๋ช
ํด์ ์ฐ์ด ์ ๋ณด์ฌ์.
The sky is clear today, so you can see the mountains well.
๋ด์ผ๋ ์ฒญ๋ช
ํ ๋ ์จ๊ฐ ์ด์ด์ง ๊ฑฐ์์.
The clear weather will continue tomorrow too.
์ฒญ๋น
cheongbin
honest poverty
์ ๋น๋ ํ์ ์ฒญ๋น์ ์ ์ ์ ์งํค๋ฉฐ ์ด์๋ค.
The scholar lived his whole life keeping to the spirit of honest poverty.
๊ทธ ์ค๋์ ์ฒญ๋น์ ์ค์ฒํ๋ฉฐ ์กฐ์ฉํ ์ด์์ด์.
That monk lived quietly, practicing honest poverty.
์์ฆ ์ธ์์ ์ฒญ๋น์ ์งํค๊ธฐ๋ ์ฝ์ง ์์์.
It's not easy to maintain honest poverty in today's world.
์ฒญ๋นํ๋ค
cheongbinhada
poor but incorruptible
๊ทธ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฒญ๋นํ๊ฒ ์ด๋ฉด์๋ ๋ ๋น๋นํ๋ค.
That official lived poor but incorruptible, always carrying himself with dignity.
๊ทธ ํ์๋ ์ฒญ๋นํ ์ถ์ ์๋์ค๋ฝ๊ฒ ์ฌ๊ฒผ์ด์.
That scholar was proud of his poor but upright life.
์ฒญ๋นํ๊ฒ ์ด์๋ ๋ง์๋ง์ ๋ถ์์์.
Even though I live poor but honest, I'm rich at heart.
์ฒญ์ฐ์ ์
cheongsanyusu
fluent, flowing speech
๊ทธ์ ์ฒญ์ฐ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ง์์จ์ ๋ชจ๋๊ฐ ๊ฐํํ๋ค.
Everyone was amazed by his fluent, flowing way of speaking.
๊ทธ๋ ๋ฐํํ ๋ ๋ง์ด ์ฒญ์ฐ์ ์์์.
When he gives presentations, his words flow effortlessly.
๋ณ๋ช
์ ์ฒญ์ฐ์ ์์ธ๋ฐ ํ๋์ ์ ์ ๋ฐ๋์ด์?
Your excuses flow so smoothly, so why doesn't your behavior change?
์ฒญ์น
cheongseung
pathetic, miserable air
ํผ์ ์ฒญ์น ๋จ์ง ๋ง๊ณ ๋์์ ๊ฐ์ด ๋์.
Don't sit there acting all pathetic alone โ come out and hang out with us.
๋น ์ค๋ ๋ ํผ์ ์ฒญ์น์ ๋จ๊ณ ์์์ด์.
I was moping around miserably by myself on a rainy day.
๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์ฒญ์น ๋ถ๋ฆฌ์ง ๋ง๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ด ๋ด์ธ์.
Don't act so miserable. Cheer up.
์ฒญ์น๋ง๋ค
cheongseungmattta
pathetic; miserable-looking
๊ทธ๋ ํผ์ ์ฒญ์น๋ง๊ฒ ๋น๋ฅผ ๋ง์ผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฑธ์๋ค.
He walked pathetically alone in the rain.
๋ฐค๋ฆ๊ฒ ํผ์ ๋ผ๋ฉด์ ๋จน์ผ๋ ์ข ์ฒญ์น๋ง๋ค์.
Eating ramen alone late at night feels a bit pathetic.
์ฒญ์น๋ง์ ๋
ธ๋๋ง ๋ฃ์ง ๋ง๊ณ ์ ๋๋ ์์
๋ ๋ค์ด์.
Don't just listen to gloomy songs; listen to upbeat music too.
์ฒญ์น์ค๋ฝ๋ค
cheongseungseureoptta
pathetic; miserable-looking
ํผ์ ์ฒญ์น์ค๋ฝ๊ฒ ์ธ๊ณ ์๋ ๊ทธ๊ฐ ์์ฐ๋ฌ์ ๋ค.
It was pitiful to see him crying alone so pathetically.
ํผ์ ์ฐฝ๋ฐ๋ง ๋ณด๋ ๋ชจ์ต์ด ์ฒญ์น์ค๋ฌ์ ๋ณด์์ด์.
Sitting alone and just staring out the window, he looked miserable.
๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์ฒญ์น์ค๋ฌ์ด ํ์ ์ง์ง ๋ง์ธ์.
Don't make such a pitiful face.
์ฒญ์ํ๋ค
cheongahada
clear and pure (beautifully)
๊ทธ๋
์ ์ฒญ์ํ ๋ชฉ์๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๊ณต์ฐ์ฅ์ ์ธ๋ ค ํผ์ก๋ค.
Her clear, pure voice resonated through the concert hall.
์๋ฒฝ์ ๋ค๋ฆฌ๋ ์์๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ฐธ ์ฒญ์ํด์.
The birdsong heard at dawn is so clear and pure.
๊ทธ ๊ฐ์ผ๊ธ ์๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฒญ์ํ๋ฉด์๋ ์ฌํ์ด์.
The sound of that gayageum was clear and pure, yet sad.
์ฒญ์ด
cheongun
high aspiration (lit. blue clouds)
๊ทธ๋ ์ฒญ์ด์ ๊ฟ์ ์๊ณ ์์ธ๋ก ์๊ฒฝํ๋ค.
He came up to Seoul carrying his high aspirations.
๊ทธ๋ ์ฒญ์ด์ ๋ป์ ํ๊ณ ์ ํ์ ๋ ๋ฌ์ด์.
He left to study abroad, harboring high aspirations.
์ ์ ์์ ์ ์ฒญ์ด์ ๊ฟ์ ์ด๋ฃจ์
จ์ด์?
Did you achieve the lofty dreams of your youth?
์ฒญ์
cheongjeong
clearness; cleanness
์ด๊ณณ์ ์ฒญ์ ๊ตฌ์ญ์ผ๋ก ์ง์ ๋์ด ์๋ค.
This place is designated as a clean, unpolluted zone.
์ด ์ง์ญ์ ์ฒญ์ ๋ฐ๋ค๋ก ์ ๋ช
ํด์.
This region is famous for its clean seas.
์ฒญ์ ์ง์ญ์์ ์๋ ์ฑ์๋ผ์ ๋ ๋น์ธ์.
These vegetables cost more because they were grown in an unpolluted area.
์ฒญ์ ํ๋ค
cheongjeonghada
clean; unpolluted
์ฒญ์ ํ ์์ฐ ํ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ง์์ ๊ฐ์ธ๊ณ ์์๋ค.
A clean, unpolluted natural environment surrounded the village.
์ด ์ฌ์ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ ๋ง ์ฒญ์ ํด์.
The air on this island is really clean.
์ฒญ์ ํ ๋ฌผ์ ์งํค๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋๊ฐ ๋
ธ๋ ฅํด์ผ ํด์.
Everyone must make an effort to protect clean water.
์ฒด๊ณ์ฑ
chegyeseong
systematicity
์ด ๊ณํ์์ ์ฒด๊ณ์ฑ์ด ๋ถ์กฑํ๋ค๋ ์ง์ ์ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
This plan was criticized for lacking systematicity.
์ด ๊ต์ฌ๋ ์ฒด๊ณ์ฑ์ด ๋ฐ์ด๋์ ๊ณต๋ถํ๊ธฐ ์ข์์.
This textbook is highly systematic, so it's good for studying.
์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ฒด๊ณ์ฑ์ ๋ํ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์์ด ํ์ํ ๊น์?
What is needed to make the research more systematic?
์ณ๋ฐํด
chetppakwi
treadmill; rut (repetitive routine)
๊ทธ๋ ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐ๋ณต๋๋ ์ณ๋ฐํด ๊ฐ์ ์ผ์์ ์ง์ณ ์์๋ค.
He was tired of his monotonous, repetitive daily routine.
ํ์ฌ์ ์ง๋ง ์ค๊ฐ๋ ์ณ๋ฐํด ์ํ์ด ์ง๊ฒจ์์.
I'm tired of the treadmill life of going only between work and home.
์ณ๋ฐํด ๋๋ ์ผ์์์ ๋ฒ์ด๋ ์ฌํ์ ๋ ๋ฌ์ด์.
I escaped my repetitive daily routine and went on a trip.
์ด๋กฑ์ด๋กฑ
chorongchorong
brightly (of clear, lively eyes)
์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋กฑ์ด๋กฑ ๋น๋๋ ๋์ผ๋ก ์๋ง๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ผ๋ณด์๋ค.
The baby looked at her mother with bright, sparkling eyes.
์์ด๋ค์ด ๋์ ์ด๋กฑ์ด๋กฑ ๋น๋ด๋ฉฐ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ค์์ด์.
The children listened to the story with their eyes shining brightly.
๋ณ์ด ์ด๋กฑ์ด๋กฑ ๋ ์๋ ๋ฐคํ๋์ด ์๋ฆ๋ค์์.
The night sky with stars twinkling brightly is beautiful.
์ด๋กฑ์ด๋กฑํ๋ค
chorongchoronghada
be bright and clear (of eyes)
๋ฐค์ ์์ ๋๋ฐ๋ ๊ทธ์ ๋์ ์ฌ์ ํ ์ด๋กฑ์ด๋กฑํ๋ค.
Even after staying up all night, his eyes were still bright and clear.
๊ฐ์์ง์ ๋์ด ์ด๋กฑ์ด๋กฑํด์ ๋๋ฌด ๊ท์ฌ์์.
The puppy's eyes are so bright and clear. It's adorable.
์ด๋กฑ์ด๋กฑํ ๋์ผ๋ก ์ง๋ฌธํ๋ ํ์์ด ๊ธฐํนํ์ด์.
The student asking questions with bright, eager eyes was admirable.
์ด๋ง์
chomanwon
full house; packed
์ฃผ๋ง์ด๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฐ์ง ๋์ด๊ณต์์ด ์ด๋ง์์ด์๋ค.
Maybe because it was the weekend, the amusement park was completely packed.
์ถ๊ทผ ์๊ฐ ์งํ์ฒ ์ ๋ ์ด๋ง์์ด์์.
The subway at rush hour is always packed.
์ฝ์ํธ์ฅ์ด ์ด๋ง์์ด๋ผ์ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ ์ ์์์ด์.
The concert hall was packed, so we couldn't get in.
์ด๋ฏธ
chomi
being very urgent
๋ ๋๋ผ์ ํ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ ๊ด์ฌ์ฌ๋ก ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค.
The outcome of the negotiations between the two countries became a matter of great urgency and interest.
๋ฌผ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ ๊ณผ์ ๋ก ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด์.
Rising prices have emerged as a pressing issue.
์ ๊ธฐ ๋ถ์กฑ ํด๊ฒฐ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์
๋๋ค.
Solving the power shortage is the most pressing problem.
์ด๋ฒ
chobeol
rough draft; first pass
ํ๊ฐ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์ด๋ฒ ์ค์ผ์น๋ฅผ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ฅ ๊ทธ๋ ธ๋ค.
The painter drew several rough sketches before painting the picture.
์ด๋ฒ ๋ฒ์ญ์ ๋จผ์ ํ๊ณ ๋์ค์ ๋ค๋ฌ์๊ฒ์.
I'll do a rough draft of the translation first and polish it later.
๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฒ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ด ๋ค ์๋
์ ๋ฐ๋์ด์.
I grilled the meat once first, then brushed on the sauce.
์ด์ํ
chosohyeong
subminiature; extremely tiny
์ด ํ์ฌ๋ ์ด์ํ ์นด๋ฉ๋ผ๊ฐ ๋ฌ๋ฆฐ ์๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ๋ค.
This company developed glasses equipped with a subminiature camera.
์ด์ํ ๋๋ก ์ด ์๋ฐ๋ฅ ์์์ ๋ ์์ฌ๋์ด์.
A subminiature drone took off from the palm of my hand.
์ด ์ด์ํ ์คํผ์ปค๋ ์๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์๊ฐ๋ณด๋ค ์ปค์.
This tiny speaker is louder than you'd think.
์ด์
chosok
speed per second
ํํ์ด ์ด์ ์ผ์ญ ๋ฏธํฐ์ ๊ฐํ ๋ฐ๋์ ๋ชฐ๊ณ ์๋ค.
The typhoon brought strong winds of thirty meters per second.
๋น์ ์ด์ ์ฝ ์ผ์ญ๋ง ํฌ๋ก๋ฏธํฐ๋ก ์์ง์ฌ์.
Light travels at about 300,000 kilometers per second.
์ค๋์ ๋ฐ๋์ด ์ด์ ์ญ ๋ฏธํฐ๋ก ๋ถ์ด์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ ๋ชป ๋ ์.
Today the wind is blowing at 10 meters per second, so ships can't sail.
์ด์
chowol
transcendence
์ด๋ฒ ์ํ์ ์ ์ฃผ์ ๋ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ์ด์์ด๋ค.
The theme of this film festival is transcending national borders.
๊ทธ๋ค์ ์ฌ๋์ ๋์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์ํ ๊ฒ์ด์์ด์.
Their love transcended age.
๊ทธ ์ ์์ ์ค๋ ฅ์ ์์์ ์ด์ํด์.
That athlete's skill is beyond imagination.
์ด์์ฐ
chojayeon
supernaturalness
๊ทธ ์ํ๋ ์ด์์ฐ ํ์์ ์์ฌ๋ก ๋ค๋ฃจ๊ณ ์๋ค.
The movie deals with supernatural phenomena as its subject matter.
๊ทธ ์์ค์ ์ด์์ฐ์ ์ธ๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ ๋น๋กญ๊ฒ ๊ทธ๋ ธ์ด์.
That novel depicted the supernatural world in a mysterious way.
๊ณ ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋ฒ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์์ฐ์ ํ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฒผ์ด์.
Ancient people regarded lightning as a supernatural force.
์ด์ง์ผ๊ด
chojiilgwan
holding one's course; consistency of purpose
๊ทธ๋ ์ด๋ ค์ ์์์๋ ์ด์ง์ผ๊ด์ ์์ธ๋ฅผ ์์ง ์์๋ค.
Even amid difficulties, he never lost his attitude of holding his original course.
๊ทธ๋ ์ด์ง์ผ๊ด ํ๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํธ๋ฅผ ์ํด ์ธ์ ์ด์.
He fought for environmental protection consistently from start to finish.
์ด์ง์ผ๊ดํ๋ ํ๋๊ฐ ์ฑ๊ณต์ ๋น๊ฒฐ์ด์์ด์.
An attitude of unwavering consistency was the secret to success.
์ดํ
chotal
transcendence; detachment
๋
ธ์ค๋์ ํ์ ์์ ์ธ์์ ๋ฒ์ด๋ ์ดํ์ด ๋๊ปด์ก๋ค.
The old monk's expression conveyed a transcendence beyond worldly matters.
ํ ์๋ฒ์ง๋ ์์ฌ์ ์ดํํ ๋ฏ ํ์จํด ๋ณด์ด์
จ์ด์.
Grandfather looked calm, as if he had transcended greed.
์ธ์์ผ์์ ์ดํํ๊ธฐ๋ ์ฝ์ง ์์์.
It isn't easy to become detached from worldly affairs.
์ด์ด์ด
chokchogi
moistly; dampfully
๋ด๋น๊ฐ ๋์ง๋ฅผ ์ด์ด์ด ์ ์
จ๋ค.
The spring rain moistly soaked the earth.
์์ด์ ๋๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ด์ด ์ ์์ด์.
The child's eyes grew moist with tears.
๋นต์ ์ฐ์ ์ ์ด์ด์ด ์ ์
์ ๋จน์ด์.
I dip the bread in milk until it's moist and eat it.
์ด์ดํ๋ค
chokchokada
moist; damp
์ธ์ ํ ํผ๋ถ๊ฐ ์ด์ดํ๋ค.
After washing my face, my skin feels moist.
์ด ์ผ์ดํฌ๋ ์์ด ์ด์ดํด์ ๋ง์์ด์.
This cake is moist inside, so it's delicious.
๋น๊ฐ ์จ ๋ค๋ผ ํ์ด ์ด์ดํ์ด์.
Since it had rained, the soil was damp.
์ด์ค๋ฝ๋ค
chonseureoptta
countrified; unpolished; dowdy
๊ทธ ์ท์ ์๊น์ด ํ๋ คํด์ ์ข ์ด์ค๋ฝ๋ค.
Those clothes look a bit dowdy because of their flashy colors.
์ด ์ฌ์ง ์ ๋ด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ์์ด ๋๋ฌด ์ด์ค๋ฌ์์.
My hairstyle in this photo is so dowdy.
์ด์ค๋ฌ์ด ์ค ์์๋๋ฐ ์์ฆ ๋ค์ ์ ํ์ด๋์.
I thought it was unfashionable, but they say it's trendy again these days.
์ด๋์ด๋
chollangchollang
splashingly; with small ripples
์๋๋ฌผ์ด ์ด๋์ด๋ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ด๋ฉฐ ํ๋ ๋ค.
The stream flowed, making a splashing sound.
์๋์ด์ ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฑธ์ ๋๋ง๋ค ์ด๋์ด๋ ํ๋ค๋ ธ์ด์.
The water in the bucket sloshed every time I walked.
๋ฐฐ๊ฐ ์์ง์ด์ ๋ฐ๋ท๋ฌผ์ด ์ด๋์ด๋ ๋ฑ์ ์ ์ณค์ด์.
As the boat moved, the seawater lapped gently against its side.
์ด์ดํ๋ค
chomchomhada
dense; closely spaced
์ด ๊ทธ๋ฌผ์ ์ฝ๊ฐ ์ด์ดํ๋ค.
This net has closely spaced mesh.
์ด ์ค์จํฐ๋ ์ง์์ด ์ด์ดํด์ ๋ฐ๋ปํด์.
This sweater is tightly knit, so it's warm.
์ผ์ ์ด ๋๋ฌด ์ด์ดํด์ ์ด ํ์ด ์์ด์.
The schedule is so tightly packed that there's no time to rest.
์ด์ดํ
chomchomhi
densely; closely
์ ์์ฌ๋ ์จ์์ ์ด์ดํ ์ฌ์๋ค.
The gardener planted the seeds densely.
๊ณจ๋ชฉ์ ์์ ๊ฐ๊ฒ๋ค์ด ์ด์ดํ ๋ถ์ด ์์ด์.
Small shops are packed closely together in the alley.
๊ณต์ฑ
์ ๊ธ์จ๋ฅผ ์ด์ดํ ์จ์ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ค์ ์ด์.
The writing in the notebook was so cramped that it was hard to read.
์ด๊ฒฐ์ฐ
chonggyeolsan
wrap-up; final reckoning
์ด๋ฒ ํ๋ก์ ํธ์ ์ด๊ฒฐ์ฐ์ ๋ฐํํ ์์ ์ด๋ค.
We plan to announce the final wrap-up of this project.
์ฐ๋ง์ ํ ํด์ ์ด๊ฒฐ์ฐ์ ํ๋ ๋ชจ์์ด ์์ด์.
At the end of the year, there's a meeting to wrap up the whole year.
์ด๋ฒ ๊ณต์ฐ์ ๊ทธ์ ์์
์ธ์์ ์ด๊ฒฐ์ฐ์ด์์ด์.
This concert was the final summing-up of his musical career.
์ด๋
chongnyang
total quantity; total amount
๊ณต์ฅ์ ์จ์ค๊ฐ์ค ๋ฐฐ์ถ ์ด๋์ ์ค์ด๊ธฐ๋ก ํ๋ค.
The factory decided to reduce its total amount of greenhouse gas emissions.
ํ๋ฃจ์ ๋จน๋ ์คํ์ ์ด๋์ ์ค์ฌ ๋ณด์ธ์.
Try reducing the total amount of sugar you eat per day.
์ฌํด ์ ์์ฐ ์ด๋์ ์๋
๋ณด๋ค ๋์์ด์.
This year's total rice production increased over last year.
์ด๋ ฅ
chongnyeok
full force; all one's energy
์ ์๋ค์ ๊ฒฐ์น์ ์์ ์ด๋ ฅ์ ๋คํ๋ค.
The players gave their full force in the final match.
์ ๋ถ๋ ์ฐ๋ถ์ ๋๋ ๋ฐ ์ด๋ ฅ์ ๊ธฐ์ธ์์ด์.
The government put all its energy into putting out the wildfire.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ ์ด๋ ฅ์ ๋ชจ์ ์ด ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋๊น์๋ค.
Let's all pool our full strength and get through this crisis.
์ด๋ ฅ์
chongnyeokjjeon
all-out effort; total war
ํ์ฌ๋ ์ด๋ฒ ๊ณ์ฝ์ ๋ฐ๋ด๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ด๋ ฅ์ ์ ํผ์ณค๋ค.
The company made an all-out effort to win this contract.
๋ ํ์ ๊ฒฐ์น์์ ์ด๋ ฅ์ ์ ๋ฒ์์ด์.
The two teams went all out in the final.
์ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์๋๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋น์ด ์ด๋ ฅ์ ์ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ์ด์.
Ahead of the election, each party launched an all-out effort.
์ด๋ฉด์
chongmyeonjeok
total area
์ด ๊ณต์์ ์ด๋ฉด์ ์ ๋งค์ฐ ๋๋ค.
The total area of this park is very large.
์ด ์ฌ์ ์ด๋ฉด์ ์ ์์ธ์ ๋ ๋ฐฐ ์ ๋์์.
The total area of this island is about twice that of Seoul.
์ง์ ์ด ๋๋ ์ด๋ฉด์ ๋ณด๋ค ์ค์ ์ฌ์ฉ ๋ฉด์ ์ ๋ด์ผ ํด์.
When buying a house, you should look at the usable area rather than the total area.
์ด๋ช
chongmyeong
cleverness; sharp memory
์ ์๋์ ๊ทธ ์์ด์ ์ด๋ช
์ ์นญ์ฐฌํ๋ค.
The teacher praised the child's cleverness.
๊ทธ ์์ด์ ๋๋น์์ ์ด๋ช
์ด ๋๊ปด์ก์ด์.
You could sense the cleverness in that child's eyes.
ํ ๋จธ๋๋ ์ํ์ด ๋์ด์๋ ์ด๋ช
์ ์์ง ์์ผ์
จ์ด์.
Even past ninety, Grandmother never lost her sharp mind.
์ด๋ช
ํ๋ค
chongmyeonghada
smart; clever; sharp-minded
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์ด๋ฆด ๋๋ถํฐ ์ด๋ช
ํ๋ค.
She has been sharp-minded since childhood.
์ด๋ช
ํ ํ์์ด๋ผ ํ ๋ฒ ๋ค์ผ๋ฉด ๋ค ๊ธฐ์ตํด์.
She's a bright student, so she remembers everything after hearing it once.
๊ทธ๋ ์ด๋ ค์๋ถํฐ ์ด๋ช
ํ๊ธฐ๋ก ์ ๋ช
ํ์ด์.
He was famous for being clever from a young age.
์ด๋ณธ์ฐ
chongbonsan
headquarters; hub; central seat
๊ทธ ๋์๋ ์ ์ ์ฐ์
์ ์ด๋ณธ์ฐ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ๋ฆฐ๋ค.
That city is called the headquarters of the electronics industry.
์ด ์ ์ ๊ทธ ์ข
ํ์ ์ด๋ณธ์ฐ์ด์์.
This temple is the head temple of that order.
ํ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ค๋ซ๋์ ํจ์
์ ์ด๋ณธ์ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฒจ์ก์ด์.
Paris has long been regarded as the hub of fashion.
์ด์๋
chongsodeuk
total revenue; gross income
๋์ ์ ํ๊ท ์ด์๋์ ์ผ๋ฐฑ๋ง ์์ด๋ค.
My average monthly gross income is three million won.
์ธ๊ธ์ ๊ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ด์๋์ ๊ธฐ์ค์ผ๋ก ๊ณ์ฐํด์.
Taxes are calculated based on the household's gross income.
์๋
๋ณด๋ค ์ด์๋์ด ๋์๋๋ฐ ์ ์ถ์ ์ค์์ด์.
My gross income went up from last year, but my savings went down.
์ด์
chongsu
total number
์ง๊ตฌ์ ์ฌ๋ ์๋ฌผ ์ข
๋ฅ์ ์ด์๋ ๊ฐ์ํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
The total number of living species on Earth is decreasing.
์ด๋ฒ ํ์ฌ์ ์ฐธ๊ฐํ ์ฌ๋์ ์ด์๋ฅผ ์ธ์ด ๋ดค์ด์.
I counted the total number of people who attended this event.
๋์๊ด์ ์๋ ์ฑ
์ ์ด์๋ ์ผ๋ง๋ ๋ผ์?
What's the total number of books in the library?
์ด์์
chongsuyo
total demand; aggregate demand
์ด์์๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ํ๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๊ฐ๋ ๋จ์ด์ง๊ฒ ๋๋ค.
When aggregate demand decreases, prices fall.
์ ๋ถ๋ ์ด์์๋ฅผ ๋๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ธ๊ธ์ ๋ฎ์ท์ด์.
The government lowered taxes to boost aggregate demand.
๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์๋ฉด ์ด์์๋ ์ค์ด๋ค๊ธฐ ๋ง๋ จ์ด์์.
When the economy is bad, aggregate demand is bound to shrink too.
์ด์์ต
chongsuik
gross earnings; total revenue
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์
์ ์ง๋ ๋ถ๊ธฐ ์ด์์ต์ด ์ด์กฐ ์์ ๋์๋ค.
Our company's total revenue exceeded two trillion won last quarter.
์ด๋ฒ ๊ณต์ฐ์ ์ด์์ต์ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ถ๋ ์์ ์ด์์.
All the gross earnings from this performance will be donated.
๊ด๊ณ ๋๋ถ์ ์ฌํด ์ด์์ต์ด ํฌ๊ฒ ๋์์ด์.
Thanks to advertising, total revenue rose significantly this year.
์ด์์
chongsuip
total revenue; gross income
๋ฐฐ์ฐ ์ต ์จ๊ฐ ์๋
์ ์ํ, ๊ด๊ณ ์ถ์ฐ ๋ฑ์ผ๋ก ๋ฒ์ด๋ค์ธ ์ด์์
์ ์ฝ ์น ์ต ์์ด๋ค.
Actor Choi's total revenue earned last year from films, commercials, and the like was about seven hundred million won.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ๊ฒ์ ํ ๋ฌ ์ด์์
์ ์๊ฐ๋ณด๋ค ์ ์ด์.
Our shop's total monthly income is less than you'd think.
์ด์์
์์ ์ง์ถ์ ๋นผ๋ฉด ์ผ๋ง๊ฐ ๋จ์์?
How much is left if you subtract expenses from total income?
์ด์ก
chongaek
total amount
๋๋ ํ์ฌ์ ์์
๊ณผ ์ง์ถ ์ด์ก์ ์ฅ๋ถ์ ๊ธฐ๋กํ๋ค.
I recorded the total amount of the company's income and expenses in the ledger.
์ด๋ฒ ์ฌํ ๊ฒฝ๋น ์ด์ก์ด ์์๋ณด๋ค ๋ง์ด ๋์์ด์.
The total cost of this trip came out higher than expected.
์์์ฆ์ ์ ํ ์ด์ก์ ๋ค์ ํ์ธํด ์ฃผ์ธ์.
Please check the total amount on the receipt again.
์ด์ญ๋
chongyeongnyang
all one's ability; total capacity
์ ๋ถ๋ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ ์ด์ญ๋์ ๊ฒฐ์งํด ๊ฒฝ์ ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค.
The government tried to overcome the economic crisis by gathering the total capacity of the people.
ํ์ฌ๋ ์ ์ ํ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ด์ญ๋์ ์์์ด์.
The company poured its total capacity into developing the new product.
์ด๋ฒ ๋ํ๋ ์ ์๋ค์ ์ด์ญ๋์ ์ํํ๋ ์๋ฆฌ์์.
This competition is a chance to test the athletes' full abilities.
์ด์
chongwon
total personnel; everyone
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ ์ด์์ ์๋ฅธ ์ฌ์ฏ ๋ช
์ด์๋ค.
The total number of people in our class was thirty-six.
์ค๋ ํ๋ จ์ ์ฐธ๊ฐํ ์ด์์ ์ค๋ฌด ๋ช
์ด์์.
The total number of people at today's training is 20.
์ถ๋ฐ ์ ์ ์ด์์ด ๋ค ๋ชจ์๋์ง ํ์ธํ์ธ์.
Check that everyone is present before departure.
์ด์ธ๊ตฌ
chongingu
total population
์ถ์ฐ์จ์ด ๊ฐ์ํ๋ฉด์ ์ด์ธ๊ตฌ๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ถ์ธ์ ์ ์ด๋ค์๋ค.
As the birth rate declined, the total population also began to decline.
๊ทธ ๋๋ผ์ ์ด์ธ๊ตฌ๋ ์ค์ฒ๋ง ๋ช
์ด ๋์ด์.
That country's total population exceeds 50 million.
์ด์ธ๊ตฌ ์ค ๋
ธ์ธ์ ๋น์จ์ด ๊ณ์ ๋๊ณ ์์ด์.
The proportion of elderly people in the total population keeps rising.
์ด์
chongjeom
total score
๋๋ ์ด์ ์ ์ํ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ ์๋ก ๋๋์ด ํ๊ท ์ ๊ตฌํ๋ค.
I found the average by dividing the total score by the number of exam subjects.
์ด๋ฒ ์ํ ์ด์ ์ด ์ง๋๋ฒ๋ณด๋ค ์ฌ๋์ด์.
My total score on this exam went up from last time.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ด ์ด์ ์์ ํ ์ ์ฐจ์ด๋ก ์ด๊ฒผ์ด์.
Our team won by one point in the total score.
์ด์ฒ์ฐ์
chongcheonyeonsaek
full natural color; full color
์์ด๋ค์ด ์ด์ฒ์ฐ์์ ์ท์ ์
๊ณ ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒ ๋ฐ๋๊ณ ์๋ค.
The children are playing happily, dressed in full-color clothes.
์ด๋ฆด ๋ ๊ทน์ฅ์์ ๋ณธ ์ด์ฒ์ฐ์ ์ํ๊ฐ ์์ง๋ ๊ธฐ์ต๋์.
I still remember the full-color film I saw at the theater as a child.
๊ฐ์ ์ฐ์ด ์ด์ฒ์ฐ์ ๋จํ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌผ๋ค์์ด์.
The autumn mountains were dyed in the full colors of fall foliage.
์ด์ฒด
chongche
the whole; totality
๊ทธ ์ฑ
์ ๊ทธ๋์ ๊น ์๊ฐ๊ฐ ์จ ์จ ์ํ๋ค์ ์ด์ฒด์๋ค.
That book was the totality of the works writer Kim had written up to then.
๋ฌธํ๋ ํ ์ฌํ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ง ์ํ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ด์ฒด์์.
Culture is the totality of a society's way of life.
์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์์๋ ์ง๋ ์ญ ๋
๊ฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฑ๊ณผ์ ์ด์ฒด๊ฐ ๋ด๊ฒจ ์์ด์.
This report contains the totality of the research results from the past ten years.
์ด์ฒด์ฑ
chongcheseong
totality
๊ทธ์ ์์ค์ ์ถ์ ์ด์ฒด์ฑ์ ์ ํํํ ์ํ์ผ๋ก ํ๊ฐ๋๋ค.
His novel is regarded as a work that well expresses the totality of life.
์ฌ๋์ ์ดํดํ๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ถ์ ์ด์ฒด์ฑ์ ๋ด์ผ ํด์.
To understand a person, you need to look at the totality of their life.
์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ด์ฒด์ฑ์ ๋ค๋ฃจ๋ ค ํ์ด์.
This study tried to address the totality of urban problems.
์ด์นญ
chongching
collective term; generic name
์ ์ ํ์ ๊ฐ์ถ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ง๋ ์ํ์ ์ด์นญ์ด๋ค.
Dairy products is a collective term for foods made from livestock's milk.
์ฑ์๋ ๋ฐญ์์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋ ๋จน์ ์ ์๋ ์๋ฌผ์ ์ด์นญ์ด์์.
"Vegetables" is the collective term for edible plants grown in fields.
๋์์ด๋ผ๋ ๋ง์ ์์์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๋๋ผ์ ์ด์นญ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ์์ด์.
The word "the East" was used as a collective term for various Asian countries.
์ด์นญํ๋ค
chongchinghada
call collectively; refer to as a group
ํจ์ ์ ํฌ๊ณ ์์ ๊ตฐํจ์ ์ด์นญํ๋ ๋ง์ด๋ค.
'Warship' is a term that collectively refers to naval vessels large and small.
๊ณ ์์ด์ ํธ๋์ด ๋ฑ์ ๊ณ ์์๊ณผ ๋๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์นญํด์.
Cats, tigers, and the like are collectively called felines.
์ด๋ฐ ์์๋ค์ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ ์ด์นญํ๋์?
What do you call these foods collectively?
์ดํ
chongpyeong
general review; overall rating
์ฌ์ฌ ์์์ ์ดํ์ด ์์ ํ์ ์์์์ด ์งํ๋ ์์ ์ด์๋ค.
The awards ceremony was scheduled to proceed after the judges' general review.
์ ์๋์ด ํ๊ธฐ ๋ง์ ์์
์ ๋ํ ์ดํ์ ํด ์ฃผ์
จ์ด์.
The teacher gave an overall review of the class at the end of the semester.
๊ฐ๋
์ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํ ์ดํ์์ ์ ์๋ค์ ์นญ์ฐฌํ์ด์.
In his overall review after the game, the coach praised the players.
์ดํฉ
chonghap
total
๋๋ ์ข
์ด์ ์ ํ ์ซ์๋ค์ ๋ชจ๋ ๋ํด ์ดํฉ์ ๊ตฌํ๋ค.
I added up all the numbers written on the paper to find the total.
์ธ ์ฌ๋์ ๋์ด๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ฉด ์ดํฉ์ด ๋ฐฑ ์ด์ด ๋์ด์.
If you add up the three people's ages, the total is over 100.
๊ฐ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ ์ ์์ ์ดํฉ์ด ํฉ๊ฒฉ ๊ธฐ์ค์ ๋์์ด์.
The total of my scores in each subject exceeded the passing mark.
์ต๊ฐ
choegang
the strongest; the most powerful
๊ทธ๋ค์ด ๋ณด์ ํ ๊ตฐ์ฌ๋ ฅ์ ์ต๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ํ๊ฐ๋ฐ์๋ค.
Their military power was rated as the strongest.
๊ทธ ํ์ ์ฌํด ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ์ต๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ๊ผฝํ์.
That team is considered the strongest in the league this year.
์ต๊ฐ์ ์๋๋ฅผ ๋ง๋๋ ํฌ๊ธฐํ์ง ๋ง์ธ์.
Don't give up even if you face the strongest opponent.
์ต๊ณ ๊ฐ
choegoga
the highest price; top price
๊ทธ ํ์ฌ์ ์ฃผ์์ด ํฌ๊ฒ ์ค๋ฅด๋ฉด์ ์ค๋ ์ต๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ๋ค.
The company's stock rose sharply and hit a record high price today.
๊ธ๊ฐ์ด ์ฌํด ์ต๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ค์ ๊ฒฝ์ ํ์ด์.
The price of gold hit a new high for the year again.
๊ทธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์์ ์ต๊ณ ๊ฐ์ ํ๋ ธ์ด์.
That painting sold at the highest price at the auction.
์ต๊ณ ๊ธ
choegogeup
the highest grade; top-level
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์๊ณ๋ผ๋ฉด ์ต๊ณ ๊ธ๋ง ์ฐพ๋๋ค.
When it comes to watches, she only looks for the top-level ones.
์ด ํธํ
์ ์ต๊ณ ๊ธ ์๋น์ค๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํด์.
This hotel provides top-level service.
์์ผ ์ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ต๊ณ ๊ธ ์ด์ฝ๋ฆฟ์ ๋ฐ์์ด์.
I received top-grade chocolate as a birthday present.
์ต๊ณ ๋
choegodo
the highest degree
๋ฌด๋ฅํ ๊ตญ์ ์ด์์ผ๋ก ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋ค์ ๋ถ๋ง์ ์ต๊ณ ๋์ ๋ฌํ๋ค.
Due to incompetent governance, the public's discontent reached its highest degree.
์ด ๋ง์๊ฒฝ์ ์ต๊ณ ๋์ ์ ๋ฐ์ฑ์ ์๋ํด์.
This telescope boasts the highest degree of precision.
๊ธฐ์ ์ด ์ต๊ณ ๋๋ก ๋ฐ๋ฌํ ์ฌํ๋ฅผ ์์ํด ๋ณด์ธ์.
Imagine a society where technology has developed to the highest degree.
์ต๊ณ ๋ น
choegoryeong
the oldest
์ฌํด ๋ฐฑ ์ธ๋ฅผ ๋๊ธฐ์ ์๋ฒ์ง๋ ๋ง์์์ ์ต๊ณ ๋ น์ด์๋ค.
My father, who turned a hundred this year, is the oldest in the village.
๊ทธ๋ ๋ํ ์ต๊ณ ๋ น ์ฐธ๊ฐ์๋ก ํ์ ๊ฐ ๋์์ด์.
He made headlines as the oldest participant in the competition.
์ธ๊ณ ์ต๊ณ ๋ น ํ ๋จธ๋๋ ๋ช ์ด์ด์ธ์?
How old is the world's oldest woman?
์ต๊ณ ์ก
choegoaek
the highest amount
์ด์ ์ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์์ ๊ทธ ์ํ์ ์ต๊ณ ์ก์ ์จ ๋ธ ์
์ฐฐ์์๊ฒ ๋์ฐฐ๋์๋ค.
At yesterday's auction, the work was won by the bidder who offered the highest amount.
์ด๋ฒ ๋ณต๊ถ ๋น์ฒจ๊ธ์ ์ญ๋ ์ต๊ณ ์ก์ด์์.
This lottery prize is the highest amount ever.
๊ทธ ์ ์๋ ๊ตฌ๋จ ์ต๊ณ ์ก ์ฐ๋ด์ ๋ฐ๊ฒ ๋์ด์.
That player will receive the highest salary on the team.
์ต๊ณ ์
choegojeom
the highest score; top score
๋๋ ์ฌ๋ฒ ์ํ์์ ์ต๊ณ ์ ์ ๊ธฐ๋กํ๋ฉฐ ์์์ผ๋ก ํฉ๊ฒฉํ๋ค.
I scored the highest on the bar exam and passed at the top of my class.
์ค๋ ์ฒด์กฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์์ ๊ทธ๋
๊ฐ ์ต๊ณ ์ ์ ๋ฐ์์ด์.
She received the top score in today's gymnastics competition.
์ฌ์ฌ ์์ ๋ค์ฏ ๋ช
์ค ๋๊ฐ ์ต๊ณ ์ ์ ์คฌ์ด์?
Which of the five judges gave the highest score?
์ต๊ณ ์น
choegochi
highest value
์ฌํด ํ์์ ์ ๊ธฐ ์ฌ์ฉ๋์ด ์ต๊ณ ์น๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ๋ค.
Electricity usage hit a record high this August.
์ฌ์ฌ๋ฆ ๊ธฐ์จ์ด ์ญ๋ ์ต๊ณ ์น๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ์ด์.
This summer's temperature hit an all-time high.
์ค์
๋ฅ ์ด ์ต๊ณ ์น์ ๋ฌํ์ ์ ๋ถ๊ฐ ๋์ฑ
์ ๋ด๋์์ด์.
When the unemployment rate reached its highest level, the government announced measures.
์ต๋ค
choeda
the most; the largest; maximum
๊ทธ ์ผ๊ตฌ ์ ์๋ ํ๊ตญ ์ญ์ฌ์ ์ต๋ค ํ๋ฐ์ ๊ธฐ๋กํ๋ค.
That baseball player set the record for the most home runs in Korean history.
๊ทธ ๊ฐ์๋ ์ฌํด ์ต๋ค ์์ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ์ ์ด์.
That singer set the record for the most awards this year.
์ด๋ฒ ์ถ์ ์๋ ์ญ๋ ์ต๋ค ์ธ์์ด ๋ชจ์์ด์.
The largest crowd ever gathered for this festival.
์ต๋จ
choedan
the shortest
์ธํฐ๋ท์ ์๋น ๊ฐ๋ ๊ธธ์ ๊ฒ์ํ์ ์ต๋จ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ฅผ ์๋ดํด ์ฃผ์๋ค.
When I searched online for the way to the restaurant, it guided me along the shortest route.
๋นํ๊ธฐ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ต๋จ ์๊ฐ์ ๋์ฐฉํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด์์.
Going by plane is the way to arrive in the shortest time.
๊ทธ๋ ํ๊ต ์ญ์ฌ์ ์ต๋จ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ์ฌ ํ์๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์์ด์.
He earned his doctorate in the shortest time in the school's history.
์ต๋
choedae
the largest; the most; maximum
์์ธ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ ์ต๋์ ๋์์ด๋ค.
Seoul is our country's largest city.
์ด ์๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํฐ๋ ์ต๋ ์ด ๋ช
๊น์ง ํ ์ ์์ด์.
This elevator can hold a maximum of 10 people.
์ฌํด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ฌ์ ์ต๋ ๋ชฉํ๋ ํด์ธ ์ง์ถ์ด์์.
Our company's biggest goal this year is expanding overseas.
์ต๋์น
choedaechi
the maximum value
๋ฌด๋์ด ๋ ์จ ํ์ ์ฌํด ๋ค์ด ์ ๋ ฅ ์์๊ฐ ์ต๋์น๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ๋ค.
Because of the sweltering weather, electricity demand hit its maximum value this year.
์คํผ์ปค ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ ์ต๋์น๋ก ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ง ๋ง์ธ์.
Don't turn the speaker volume up to the maximum.
์ด๋ฒ ๋ฌ ํ๋งค๋์ด ์ฐฝ์ฌ ์ด๋ ์ต๋์น๋ฅผ ์ฐ์์ด์.
This month's sales hit their highest level since the company was founded.
์ต๋ํ๋
choedaehando
maximum; utmost limit
๊ฐ๊ตญ์ ์ ์๋ค์ ์ ํ๋ ์์์ ์ต๋ํ๋๋ก ํ์ฉํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋
ผ์ํ๋ค.
The leaders of each country discussed how to make maximum use of limited resources.
๋์ถ์ ์ต๋ํ๋๊น์ง ๋ฐ์ง ์๋ ๊ฒ ์ข์์.
It's better not to borrow up to the maximum limit.
์ด ์นด๋์ ํ ๋ฌ ์ฌ์ฉ ์ต๋ํ๋๋ ์ผ๋ง์์?
What is this card's maximum monthly spending limit?
์ต๋ํ
choedaehwa
maximization
์ฌ์ฅ์ ์ฌ์ ๊ต์ก์ ๊ฐํํด์ ์ง์๋ค์ ์
๋ฌด ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ์ต๋ํ๋ฅผ ๊พํ๋ค.
The president strengthened employee training to seek the maximization of staff work ability.
๊ธฐ์
์ ์ด์ค์ ์ต๋ํ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ๋ก ํฉ๋๋ค.
Companies aim for the maximization of profit.
๊ณต๊ฐ ํ์ฉ์ ์ต๋ํํ๋ ค๊ณ ์ ์ด์ ๊ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์์ด์.
I bought folding furniture to maximize the use of space.
์ต๋๊ฐ
choedaetkkap
maximum
ํ์๋ค์ ํจ์์ ์ต๋๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ต์๊ฐ์ ๊ตฌํ๋ค.
The students found the maximum and minimum values of the function.
์ด ๊ทธ๋ํ์์ ์ต๋๊ฐ์ ์ด๋์ ์์ด์?
Where is the maximum value on this graph?
์ผ์๊ฐ ์ธก์ ํ ์จ๋์ ์ต๋๊ฐ์ ๊ธฐ๋กํด ๋์ธ์.
Please record the maximum temperature the sensor measured.
์ต์
choesang
the highest
์ด๊ณณ์ ์์ฉ ์ธ์์ ์ต์์ ํ๊ณ๋ ์ค๋ฐฑ ๋ช
์ด๋ค.
The highest limit on the number of people this place can hold is five hundred.
์ค๋์ ์ปจ๋์
์ด ์ต์์ด์์.
I'm in top condition today.
์๋๋ค๊ป ์ต์์ ์๋น์ค๋ฅผ ๋๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค.
We will provide our guests with the highest level of service.
์ต์๊ธ
choesanggeup
the highest level; the highest grade
๊ทธ๋ ์๋์๊ฒ ๋์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ต์๊ธ ์์ธ์ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ๋ค.
He ordered a top-grade wine to serve his guest.
์ด ์๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ ์ต์๊ธ ํ์ฐ์์.
This beef is top-grade Korean hanwoo.
๊ทธ ์ ์๋ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ธ๊ณ ์ต์๊ธ ์ค๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ท์ด์.
That athlete already has world-class, top-level skills.
์ต์์
choesangwi
the highest rank; the highest grade
์น๊ท์ ์ฑ์ ์ ํ๊ต ์ ์ฒด์์ ์ต์์์ ์ํ๋ค.
Seunggyu's grades ranked at the very top of the whole school.
๊ทธ ๋ํ์ ์ธ๊ณ ๋ํ ์์์์ ์ต์์๊ถ์ด์์.
That university is in the top tier of world university rankings.
๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋ง์กฑ์ ์ต์์ ๋ชฉํ๋ก ๋๊ณ ์์ด์.
We have made customer satisfaction our highest goal.
์ต์ํ
choesangpum
the best product
์ ๋ช
ํ ์์ง๊ฐ๋ ์๋ฆ๋ต๊ณ ์ง์ด ์ข์ ์ต์ํ ๋์๊ธฐ๋ค๋ง ๋ชจ์๋ค.
The famous collector gathered only the finest, top-quality pieces of pottery.
์ด ์ฌ๊ณผ๋ ๋์ฅ์์ ๊ณ ๋ฅธ ์ต์ํ์ด์์.
These apples are the finest ones picked out at the farm.
์์ฅ์์ ์ต์ํ ๋ฉธ์น๋ฅผ ๋น์ธ๊ฒ ์์ด์.
I paid a lot for top-quality anchovies at the market.
์ต์
choeseon
the best
๋๋ ๊ธ์ ์ ์ฐ๊ธฐ ์ํ ์ต์ ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ๊พธ์คํ ์ฑ
์ ์ฝ์๋ค.
I read books consistently as the best way to write well.
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์๊ด์์ด ์ต์ ์ ๋คํ์ด์.
Regardless of the result, I did my best.
์ง๊ธ์ผ๋ก์๋ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ฒ ์ต์ ์ด์์.
For now, waiting is the best option.
์ต์ ์ฑ
choeseonchaek
the best plan
๋๋ฅผ ์ง์ฐฐํ์ ์์ฌ ์ ์๋์ ์ด๋์ด ๋ณ์ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ซ๊ฒ ํ๋ ์ต์ ์ฑ
์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ง์ํ์
จ๋ค.
The doctor who examined me said exercise was the best way to recover quickly.
๋ํ๋ก ํด๊ฒฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ต์ ์ฑ
์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํด์.
I think solving it through dialogue is the best plan.
์ต์ ์ฑ
์ด ์์ผ๋ฉด ์ฐจ์ ์ฑ
์ด๋ผ๋ ์ฐพ์์ผ ํด์.
If there's no best plan, we have to find at least a second-best one.
์ต์์น
choesochi
minimum
๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ ์ข์์ง๋ฉด์ ์นด๋ ์ฌ์ฉ์ก์ด ์ค ๋
๋ง์ ์ต์์น๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ๋ค.
As the economy worsened, card spending hit its lowest level in five years.
์ฌํด ๋ด ๊ฐ์๋์ด ๊ด์ธก ์ด๋ ์ต์์น๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ์ด์.
This spring's rainfall hit its lowest level since records began.
์ด๋ฒ ๋ฌ ์ ๊ธฐ ์ฌ์ฉ๋์ด ์ผ ๋
์ค ์ต์์น์์ด์.
This month's electricity use was the lowest of the year.
์ต์ํ๋
choesohando
the minimum; being the least
๋๋ ์ต์ํ๋์ ์์ง์์ผ๋ก ์ฒด๋ ฅ์ ์๊ผ๋ค.
I conserved my energy by moving as little as possible.
์ง์ ์ต์ํ๋๋ก๋ง ์ฑ๊ฒจ ๊ฐ์ธ์.
Pack only the bare minimum of luggage.
์ต์ํ๋์ ์์๋ ์ง์ผ์ผ ํ์ง ์์๊น์?
Shouldn't we at least keep a minimum of courtesy?
์ต์๊ฐ
choesotkkap
minimum
์ง์๋ ๊ทธ๋ํ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ค ๋ฌธ์ ์์ ๊ตฌํ๋ผ๊ณ ํ ์ต์๊ฐ์ ์ฐพ์๋ค.
Jisoo drew a graph and found the minimum value the problem asked for.
์ธก์ ๊ฐ ์ค ์ต์๊ฐ์ ๋นผ๊ณ ํ๊ท ์ ๋์ด์.
I excluded the minimum from the measurements and calculated the average.
ํ์์ ์ต์๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ต๋๊ฐ์ ์ฐจ์ด๋ ์ผ๋ง์์?
What's the difference between the minimum and maximum in the table?
์ต์
choesin
latest; newest; up-to-date
์ด ๋ณ์ ์ผ๋จ ์งํ์ด ๋๋ฉด ์ต์ ์ํ์ ํ์ผ๋ก๋ ์ข์ฒ๋ผ ์น๋ฃํ ์ ์๋ค.
Once this disease progresses, it can hardly be cured even with the power of the latest medicine.
์ต์ ๋ด์ค๋ ์ด ์ฑ์์ ํ์ธํ ์ ์์ด์.
You can check the latest news in this app.
์ด ๋
ธํธ๋ถ์ ์ต์ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ๊น์์ด์.
I installed the latest programs on this laptop.
์ต์ ์
choesinsik
the latest; being up-to-date
๋ง์ ํ์๋ค์ด ์ต์ ์ ์์ค์ ๊ฐ์ถ ๋ณ์์ ์ฐพ์์๋ค.
Many patients came to the hospital equipped with the latest facilities.
์๋ก ์ด์ฌํ ์ง์ ๋ถ์์ด ์ต์ ์์ด์์.
The kitchen in the house we just moved into is state-of-the-art.
ํ๊ต์ ์ต์ ์ ์ปดํจํฐ์ค์ด ์๊ฒผ์ด์.
The school got an up-to-date computer lab.
์ต์ ํ
choesinhyeong
the latest model
๋๋ ์๋ก ๋์จ ์ต์ ํ ํธ๋ํฐ์ ์ฌ ๋ฌ๋ผ๊ณ ์๋ง๋ฅผ ์กธ๋๋ค.
I nagged my mom to buy me the latest model phone that had just come out.
์ด ์ฐจ๋ ์ฌํด ๋์จ ์ต์ ํ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด์์.
This car is the latest model released this year.
์ต์ ํ ๋์ฅ๊ณ ๋ ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ ์ด๋์.
They say the latest-model refrigerators use less electricity.
์ต์
choeak
the worst
์ด๋ฒ ์ํ์์๋ ์ค์๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด ํด์ ์ต์
์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
I made a lot of mistakes on this exam and got the worst score.
์ค๋์ ๋น๋ ์ค๊ณ ์ง๊ฐ๋ ์์ด๋ฒ๋ ค์ ์ต์
์ด์์.
Today it rained and I lost my wallet. It's the worst.
์ต์
์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์๋ ์ฌํ์ ์ทจ์ํด์ผ ํ ์๋ ์์ด์.
In the worst case, we might have to cancel the trip.
์ต์ฐ์
choeyeonso
the youngest
์ง์๋ ํ์ฌ์ ์ต์ฐ์์ ๋์ด๋ก ํ์ฌ์ ํฉ๊ฒฉํ ์ ์
์ฌ์์ด๋ค.
Jisoo is a new employee who joined the company at the youngest age.
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์ต์ฐ์๋ก ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ํ์ ๋ฝํ์ด์.
She was selected for the national team as its youngest member.
์ด๋ฒ ๋ํ์ ์ต์ฐ์ ์ฐธ๊ฐ์๋ ๋ช ์ด์ด์์?
How old is the youngest participant in this competition?
์ต์ฐ์
choeuseon
top priority; the highest priority
๋๋ ์ฌํ์ง์์ ์ ๋ฌผ์ ์ด ๋ ์ด๋ฆฐ ๋์์ ์ต์ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ฐํ๋ค.
When buying souvenirs at the destination, I thought of my young sibling as the top priority.
๋ฌด์๋ณด๋ค ์์ ์ ์ต์ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Above all, safety must be the top priority.
์ง๊ธ ์ต์ฐ์ ๊ณผ์ ๋ ์ ์ง์์ ๋ฝ๋ ๊ฑฐ์์.
The top-priority task right now is hiring new employees.
์ต์ฐ์
choeusu
the best; top-notch
์ฌํด ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ข์ ์ฑ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ ์๊ฐ ์ต์ฐ์ ์ ์๋ก ๋ฝํ๋ค.
The player with the best record this year was chosen as the top player.
๊ทธ ์ํ์ด ์ต์ฐ์ ์ํ์์ ๋ฐ์์ด์.
That work won the award for best work.
์ต์ฐ์ ํ์์๊ฒ๋ ์ฅํ๊ธ์ด ์ฃผ์ด์ง๋๋ค.
Scholarships are given to the top students.
์ต์ฅ
choejang
the longest
๋๋ ๋ฉ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ์ฐ์ต์ ์ด์ฌํ ํ์ฌ ๋ธ ์ ์๋ ์ต์ฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์ ๋๋ ธ๋ค.
I practiced the long jump hard and gradually increased the longest distance I could jump.
์ฌํด ์ฅ๋ง๋ ์ญ๋ ์ต์ฅ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ด์ด์ก์ด์.
This year's rainy season lasted the longest ever.
์ด ํฐ๋์ ๊ตญ๋ด ์ต์ฅ ํฐ๋์ด์์.
This tunnel is the longest tunnel in the country.
์ต์ ์น
choejeochi
the lowest value
๋๋ ์ํ๊ณ ๋ฌ๋๋ ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒ๊ฐ ์ต์ ์น๋ฅผ ์ฐ์๋ค.
After being sick, my weight hit its lowest point.
์ถ์ฐ์จ์ด ์ฌํด ์ญ๋ ์ต์ ์น๋ก ๋จ์ด์ก์ด์.
The birth rate fell to an all-time low this year.
ํ์จ์ด ์ต์ ์น์ผ ๋ ๋ฌ๋ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฌ ๋์์ด์.
I bought dollars when the exchange rate was at its lowest.
์ต์
choejeok
the most suitable; optimal
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํด๊ฒฐํ ์ ์๋ ์ต์ ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์ํด ํ์๋ฅผ ๊ณ์ํ๋ค.
We kept meeting to find the optimal way to solve the problem.
์ด ๋ฐฉ์ ๊ณต๋ถํ๊ธฐ์ ์ต์ ์ ์ฅ์์์.
This room is the most suitable place for studying.
์๋ฌผ์ด ์๋ผ๊ธฐ์ ์ต์ ์ธ ์จ๋๋ ๋ช ๋์์?
What's the optimal temperature for plants to grow?
์ต์ข
choejong
the last; final
ํ์ ์
์ฌ ์ํ์ ์ต์ข
์ผ๋ก ํฉ๊ฒฉํ์ฌ ๋ค์ ์ฃผ๋ถํฐ ์ถ๊ทผํ๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ค.
My brother passed the final round of the job exam, so he starts work next week.
์ต์ข
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋ค์ ์ฃผ ์์์ผ์ ๋ฐํ๋ผ์.
The final results will be announced next Monday.
๋ณด๊ณ ์๋ฅผ ์ต์ข
ํ์ธํ ๋ค ์ ์ถํ์ธ์.
Submit the report after giving it a final check.
์ต์ฒจ๋จ
choecheomdan
the most advanced; state-of-the-art
์ ๋ช
๋ชจ๋ธ์ ํญ์ ์๋ก์ด ์ท๋ค๋ก ์ต์ฒจ๋จ ํจ์
์ ์ ๋ณด์๋ค.
The famous model always showed off state-of-the-art fashion with new clothes.
์ด ๊ณตํญ์ ์ต์ฒจ๋จ ๋ณด์ ์์คํ
์ ๊ฐ์ท์ด์.
This airport is equipped with a state-of-the-art security system.
์ต์ฒจ๋จ ๊ธฐ์ ๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ง๋๋ ๊ฑฐ์์.
Even the most advanced technology is made by people in the end.
์ตํ
choeha
the lowest
๋๋ ์ํ์์ ์ตํ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ ๊ผด์ฐ๋ฅผ ํ๋ค.
I got the lowest score on the test and came in last.
์ด ์ ํ์ ํ์ง์ด ์ตํ๋ผ์ ๋ฐํํ์ด์.
This product was of the lowest quality, so I returned it.
๊ฒฝ๋งค ์์ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ ์ตํ ๋ง ์๋ถํฐ์์.
The auction's starting price begins at a minimum of 10,000 won.
์ตํ๊ธ
choehageup
the lowest level; the lowest grade
์ํ์ ๋ง์น ์ง์๋ ์ตํ๊ธ ๋จ๊ณ์ ์ฑ์ ํ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
Jisoo, who bombed the test, received the lowest grade evaluation.
๊ทธ ํธํ
์ ์๋น์ค๊ฐ ์ตํ๊ธ์ด์์ด์.
That hotel's service was of the lowest grade.
์ตํ๊ธ ์ฌ๋ฃ๋ก๋ ์ข์ ์์์ ๋ง๋ค ์ ์์ด์.
You can't make good food with the lowest-grade ingredients.
์ตํ์
choehawi
the lowest rank
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ ๊ณ์ ์ง๋ ๋ฐ๋์ ๋ํ์์ ์ตํ์์ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ ๋ค.
Because our team kept losing, we stayed in last place in the competition.
์ง๋ ์์ฆ ์ตํ์์๋ ํ์ด ์ฌํด๋ ์ฐ์นํ์ด์.
The team that finished last the previous season won the championship this year.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์ํ ํ๊ท ์ด ํ๋
์ตํ์๋ผ๋ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ์ง ์์์.
I can't believe our class's math average is the lowest in the grade.
์ตํ์๊ถ
choehawigwon
the lowest group; bottom bracket
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์ฑ์ ์ด ์ข์ง ์์ ์ตํ์๊ถ์ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ ๋ค.
Our team's match results were poor, so we stayed in the bottom bracket.
๊ทธ ํ์์ ์ตํ์๊ถ์์ ์์ํด ์์๊ถ๊น์ง ์ฌ๋์ด์.
That student started in the bottom bracket and rose to the top ranks.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ ํ๋ณต ์ง์๊ฐ ์ตํ์๊ถ์ด๋ผ๋ ๊ธฐ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์ด์.
I saw an article saying our country's happiness index is in the bottom bracket.
์ตํ์ธต
choehacheung
the bottom floor; lowest floor
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์ตํ์ธต์๋ ์ฐ์ง ์๋ ์งํ์ค์ด ์์๋ค.
On the bottom floor of our building, there was an unused basement.
์ฃผ์ฐจ์ฅ์ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์ตํ์ธต์ ์์ด์.
The parking lot is on the lowest floor of the building.
์ตํ์ธต๊น์ง ์๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ํ๊ณ ๋ด๋ ค๊ฐ์ด์.
I took the elevator down to the lowest floor.
์ถ์ฐ
chusan
estimation
๊ทธ์ ์ฌ์ฐ์ ์ฝ ์ค์ฒ์ต ์ ์ ๋๋ก ์ถ์ฐ์ด ๋๋ค.
His fortune is estimated at around 500 billion won.
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ์ถ์ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ฝ ๋ง ๋ช
์ด ๋ชจ์์ด์.
According to police estimates, about 10,000 people gathered.
ํผํด์ก์ ์์ง ์ ํํ ์ถ์ฐ์ด ์ด๋ ค์ด ์ํ์์.
It's still difficult to make an accurate estimate of the damage.
์ถ์
chusang
abstraction
์ฒ ํ์์๋ ์ ์ ์ ์ถ์ ๊ด๋
์ ๋ํด ์ค์ํ๊ฒ ์๊ฐํ๋ค.
In philosophy, mental abstract concepts are considered important.
๊ทธ ํ๊ฐ๋ ์ฌ์คํ์์ ์ถ์์ผ๋ก ํํ์ ๋ฐ๊ฟจ์ด์.
That painter changed his style from realism to abstraction.
์ถ์ ๊ฐ๋
์ ์๋ฅผ ๋ค์ด ์ค๋ช
ํ๋ฉด ์ดํดํ๊ธฐ ์ฌ์์.
Abstract concepts are easier to understand when explained with examples.
์ถ์๊ฐ๋ค
chusanggattta
stern; severe
์์ ์ ํ๋ค์๊ฒ ์ถ์๊ฐ์ ๋ช
์ ๋ด๋ ธ๋ค.
The king gave his subjects a stern order.
์ฌ์ฅ๋์ ์ถ์๊ฐ์ ํธ๋ น์ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ธด์ฅํ์ด์.
Everyone tensed up at the boss's stern command.
๊ทธ ํ์ฌ๋ ํ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ด๋ฆด ๋ ์ถ์๊ฐ์ด ์๊ฒฉํ์ด์.
That judge was as stern as autumn frost when handing down rulings.
์ถ์์ฑ
chusangseong
abstractness
์ด๊ฒ์ ์ถ์์ฑ์ด ๋์ ๊ฐ๋
์ด๋ผ ํ์ค์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ค๊ฐ๋์ง ์๋๋ค.
This is a highly abstract concept, so it doesn't feel very real.
ํ๋ ๋ฏธ์ ์ ์ถ์์ฑ์ด ๊ฐํด์ ์ด๋ ต๊ฒ ๋๊ปด์ ธ์.
Modern art feels difficult because it is highly abstract.
์ด ์์ ์ถ์์ฑ์ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ํด์ํด์ผ ํ ๊น์?
How should we interpret the abstractness of this poem?
์ถ์ธ
chuse
trend; tendency
์ฃผ์์ด ๋ฉฐ์น ์งธ ์์น ์ถ์ธ์ ์๋ค.
Stocks have been on an upward trend for several days.
์์ฆ์ ํผ์ ์ฌ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋์ด๋๋ ์ถ์ธ์์.
These days, the number of people living alone is trending upward.
์ด๋ฐ ์ถ์ธ๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ด๋
์๋ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ ์ค๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์์.
If this trend continues, prices will rise further next year.
์ถ์
chuak
ugliness; being vile
๋๋ ๋ง์์์ ์๋ฆฌ ์ก๊ณ ์๋ ์ถ์
๊ณผ ์์ฌ์ ๋จ์ณ ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ ์ ์ผ๋ค.
I tried hard to shake off the ugliness and greed that had settled in my heart.
์ ์์ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ์ถ์
ํ ๋ฉด์ ๊ทธ๋๋ก ๋๋ฌ๋์ด์.
The war laid bare the ugly side of humanity.
๊ทธ ์์ค์ ๊ถ๋ ฅ์ ์ถ์
ํ ๋ชจ์ต์ ๋ ์นด๋กญ๊ฒ ๊ณ ๋ฐํ์ด์.
That novel sharply exposed the ugly face of power.
์ถ์
ํ๋ค
chuakada
dirty; ugly; disgusting
๋๋ ์จ๊ฐ ๋นํ์ ์ผ์ผ๋ ์ถ์
ํ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ฒ์ด๋ ์ ์ถ๋ฐ์ ํ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ง์๋จน์๋ค.
I decided to escape my ugly past full of misdeeds and make a fresh start.
๋ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ์กฑ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ฐ๋ ๋ชจ์ต์ด ์ถ์
ํ์ด์.
The sight of family members fighting over money was ugly.
๊ทธ ์ ์น์ธ์ ์ถ์
ํ ๋น๋ฐ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฐํ์ก์ด์.
That politician's disgusting secret was eventually revealed.
์ถ์ด
chui
development; trend; change
์ฆ๊ถ์ฌ ์ง์๋ค์ ์ฃผ์ ์์ฅ์ ์ถ์ด๋ฅผ ์ ํ์
ํ๊ณ ์์ด์ผ ํ๋ค.
Securities firm employees need to have a good grasp of the trends in the stock market.
ํ์์ ์ํ ์ถ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งค์ผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ๊ณ ์์ด์.
We are recording the changes in the patient's condition every day.
์์ผ๋ก ์ฌํ์ ์ถ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง์ผ๋ด์ผ๊ฒ ์ด์.
We'll have to watch how the situation develops from here.
์ถ์ก์ค๋ฝ๋ค
chujapsseureoptta
dirty; filthy; disgusting
๋๋ ์ถ์ก์ค๋ฌ์ด ๋๋ด์ ๋์ง๋ฉฐ ๋ฅ๊ธ๋ง๊ฒ ์๋ ๊ทธ์ ๋ชจ์ต์ ๋ณด์ ๋ชน์ ๋ถ์พํด์ก๋ค.
Seeing him crack a filthy joke and grin slyly made me very uncomfortable.
๋จ์ ๋ถํ์ ์ด์ฉํ๋ ๊ฑด ๋๋ฌด ์ถ์ก์ค๋ฌ์์.
Exploiting other people's misfortune is so disgusting.
์ถ์ก์ค๋ฌ์ด ์๋ฌธ์ด ํผ์ ธ์ ๊ทธ๋ ํ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ ๋ฌ์ด์.
A filthy rumor spread, and he left the company.
์ถ์กํ๋ค
chujapada
dirty; filthy; disgusting
๊ทธ๋ ๋ค์์ ์จ๊ฐ ์ถ์กํ ์ง์ ๋ค ํ๊ณ ๋ค๋๋ฉด์๋ ๋จ๋ค ์์์๋ ๊นจ๋ํ ์ฒ์ ํ๋ค.
He did all sorts of filthy things behind people's backs while pretending to be clean in front of others.
๋ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ก ์ถ์กํ๊ฒ ๋คํฌ๊ณ ์ถ์ง ์์์.
I don't want to have a dirty fight over money.
๊ทธ๋ฐ ์ถ์กํ ๋ง์ ๋ฃ๊ณ ์ถ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค.
I don't want to hear such filthy words.
์ถ์
chujeok
chasing; running after
๋ฒ์ธ์ ํ์ฌ์ ์ถ์ ์ ํผํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ผ๋ถ๋ฌ ์ ๊ตญ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์ ๋์๋ค๋๋ฉฐ ๋ชธ์ ์จ๊ฒผ๋ค.
The criminal deliberately wandered all over the country to hide from the detective's pursuit.
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ ๋๋ ์ฐจ๋์ ์์น๋ฅผ ์ถ์ ํ์ด์.
The police tracked the location of the stolen car.
ํ๋ฐฐ ๋ฒํธ๋ก ๋ฐฐ์ก ์ถ์ ์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅํด์.
You can track the delivery with the parcel number.
์ถ์ ์ถ์
chujeokchujeok
drizzly; wetly (rain falling steadily)
์ค๋์ ํ๋ฃจ ์ข
์ผ ๋น๊ฐ ์ถ์ ์ถ์ ๋ด๋ ธ๋ค.
Today it rained steadily and wetly all day long.
์ถ์ ์ถ์ ๋ด๋ฆฌ๋ ๋น๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์ปคํผ๋ฅผ ๋ง์
จ์ด์.
I drank coffee while watching the rain drizzle steadily.
๋ฐค์ ๋น๊ฐ ์ถ์ ์ถ์ ์ค๋๋ ์์นจ์ ๊ทธ์ณค์ด์.
It drizzled all night and then stopped in the morning.
์ถ์
chujeong
estimation; assumption
์ง์ง ํ์ฅ์ ๋ถ์ด๋ฅ์น ํํ์ผ๋ก ํผํด ์ํฉ ์ถ์ ์ด ๋์ฑ ์ด๋ ค์์ก๋ค.
The typhoon that hit the earthquake site made it even harder to estimate the extent of the damage.
์ด ๋์๊ธฐ๋ ๊ณ ๋ ค ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ถ์ ๋ผ์.
This pottery is estimated to be from the Goryeo period.
์ฌ๊ณ ์์ธ์ ๋ํ ์ถ์ ๋ง ์์ ๋ฟ ํ์คํ ๊ฑด ์์ด์.
There are only assumptions about the cause of the accident; nothing is certain.
์ถ์ง๋ค
chujida
moist; damp
๋๋ ๋ ๋ง๋ผ ์ถ์ง ๋นจ๋๋ฅผ ํ๋ณ์ ๋ง๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ ๋ฐ์ ๋์ด๋์๋ค.
I hung the laundry, which was still damp and not fully dry, outside to dry in the sun.
์ฅ๋ง์ฒ ์ด๋ผ ์ด๋ถ์ด ๋ ์ถ์ง๊ณ ๋
๋
ํด์.
It's the rainy season, so the blankets are always damp and musty.
์งํ์ค ๋ฒฝ์ด ์ถ์ง๋๊น ๊ณฐํก์ด๊ฐ ์๊ธฐ์ง ์๊ฒ ์กฐ์ฌํ์ธ์.
The basement walls are damp, so be careful that mold doesn't form.
์ถ์ถ
chuchul
extraction
์ค๋์ ํต๊ณํ ์์
์์ ํต๊ณ ์กฐ์ฌ ์์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๊ฐ์ง ํ๋ณธ ์ถ์ถ ๋ฐฉ์๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ฅ๋จ์ ์ ๋ํ์ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ ๋ค.
Today in statistics class, I learned about various sampling extraction methods used in statistical surveys and their pros and cons.
์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ๋ ์ปคํผ ์์ก์ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ถ์ถํด์.
This machine quickly extracts coffee concentrate.
์๋ฌผ์์ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ์ ์ถ์ถํด ํ์ฅํ์ ๋ง๋ค์ด์.
They extract oil from plants to make cosmetics.
์ถํธ
chuho
a tiny bit (figurative)
๊น ํ์ฌ์ ์์ฌ๋ ๋ ์ถํธ์ ์ํํจ๋ ์๋ค.
Detective Kim's investigations are never careless, not even the slightest bit.
์ ๋ ๋น์ ์ ์์ผ ์๊ฐ์ด ์ถํธ๋ ์์์ด์.
I never had the slightest intention of deceiving you.
๊ทธ์ ๋ง์๋ ์ถํธ์ ๊ฑฐ์ง๋ ์์์ด์.
There wasn't a shred of falsehood in his words.
์ถ์
chuksso
reduction
์ด ์ํ์ ์ฌํด ์ ๋ฐ ์ธ์์ ์ถ์๋ก ์ธํด ๊ฒฝ์๋ฅ ์ด ์๋
์ ๋นํด ๋์์ก๋ค.
Due to the reduction in the number of selected candidates this year, the competition rate for this exam is higher than last year.
ํ์ฌ๋ ๊ฒฝ์๋์ผ๋ก ์ธ๋ ฅ ์ถ์๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ์ด์.
The company decided to reduce its workforce due to financial difficulties.
์ฌ์ง์ ์ ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ก ์ถ์ํด์ ๋ณด๋ด ์ฃผ์ธ์.
Please shrink the photo to half its size and send it.
์ถ์
chukjjeok
accumulation
์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ค๋ ์๊ฐ์ ๊ฑธ์น ๊ฒฝํ์ ์ถ์ ์์ ๋น๋กฏ๋๋ค.
Success comes from the accumulation of experience over a long time.
๊พธ์คํ ๋
์๋ ์ง์์ ์ถ์ ์ ๋์์ด ๋ผ์.
Steady reading helps with the accumulation of knowledge.
๋ชธ์ ์ง๋ฐฉ์ด ์ถ์ ๋์ง ์๋๋ก ์ด๋ํ์ธ์.
Exercise so that fat doesn't accumulate in your body.
๋ฎ๋ค
natda
to be low
์์๊ฐ ๋๋ฌด ๋ฎ์ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค์.
The chair seems too low.
ํค๊ฐ ํฐ ์ง์๋ ๊ตฝ์ด ๋ฎ์ ๊ตฌ๋๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฒจ ์ ๋๋ค.
Jisoo, who is tall, likes to wear low-heeled shoes.
์ฑ
์์ด ๋ฎ์์ ์ค๋ซ๋์ ๊ณต๋ถ๋ฅผ ํ๋ฉด ํ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ํ๋ค.
The desk is low, so my back hurts if I study for a long time.
๋๋ค
neolda
to be broad; to be spacious
๊ทธ๋ ๋์ ์ด๋ง๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ ์๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ด๋ ธ๋ค.
He let his bangs down to cover his broad forehead.
๋๊ณ ๋์ ๋คํ์๋ ๋๋ฌด ํ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๋ง ์ธ๋กญ๊ฒ ์ ์์๋ค.
In the vast, wide field, only a single tree stood there lonely.
๋ฐฉ์ ๋ถํ์ํ ์ง๋ค์ ์ ๋ฆฌํ๋ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ด ๋ฌด์ฒ ๋์ด ๋ณด์๋ค.
After clearing out the unnecessary clutter in the room, the space looked very spacious.
๋๋ค
nopda
to be high
์ด ๋๋ฌด๋ ํ๋์ ๋ฟ์ ์ ๋๋ก ํฌ๊ณ ๋๋ค.
This tree is so tall and high it seems to touch the sky.
์ ๋์ ๊ณณ์์๋ถํฐ ์๋๋ฌผ์ด ํ๋ฌ ๋ด๋ ค์จ๋ค.
The stream flows down from that high place.
๋ด์ฅ์ด ๋์์ ๋ด์ฅ ๋๋จธ๋ก ์ง ์์ด ์ ๋ณด์ด์ง ์๋๋ค.
The wall is high, so you can't see inside the house over it.
๋ค๋ฅด๋ค
dareuda
to be different
๋ง์ ํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋๋ฌผ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ํฐ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ด๋ค.
Speaking is the biggest way humans differ from other animals.
๊ทธ๋ ์์ ๊ณผ ๋ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ ์์ง๋ ์๊ณ ๋ง๋ ์ค์ด์ ํ๋ช
ํด ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค.
Unlike before, he barely smiled and spoke less, so he even seemed a bit curt.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์๊ตฌ๋ค์ ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์์ฑ์ด ๋ฌ๋ผ์ ์ด๋จธ๋๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉ๋ด๋ก ์์ฌ ์ค๋น๋ฅผ ํ์
จ๋ค.
Each member of our family has different tastes, so Mother prepared meals with different menus.
๋๊ฐ๋ค
ttokgatda
to be exactly the same
๋ด ์ด๋ฆ์ ํํด์ ๋์ ๋๊ฐ์ ์ด๋ฆ์ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๋ง๋ค.
My name is common, so there are many people with exactly the same name as me.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋์ ์ํ ์ ์๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์ญ์ค ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋๊ฐ์์ ์์๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธธ ์๊ฐ ์์๋ค.
Our two exam scores were exactly the same at ninety-five points, so we couldn't rank us.
์ด ์๋ฅ์ด๋ ์ผ๊ตด์ด ๋๊ฐ์์ ๊ตฌ๋ณํ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋ ต๋ค.
These twins have exactly the same face, so it's hard to tell them apart.
๋จ๊ฒ๋ค
tteugeopda
to be hot
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ์ฌ๋ฆ์ ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ด ํ์์ ํผํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๊ฐ๊ฒ ์์ผ๋ก ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋ค.
We went into the shop to avoid the scorching midsummer sun.
๋๋ ๋จ๊ฒ๊ฒ ๋ฌ๊ตฌ์ด์ง ์ ๋ฅผ ๋ง์ก๋ค๊ฐ ์์ ํ์์ ์
๊ณ ๋ง์๋ค.
I touched a piece of iron that had been heated up hot and ended up burning my hand.
๋ถ ์์ ์ฌ๋ ค์ง ๋๋น๋ ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ ๋ค.
The pot placed on the fire was hot.
๋ง๋ค
manta
to be many; to be plentiful
์น๊ท๋ ์ฅ๋๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์ ๊ฐ๊ตฌ์์ด์ด๋ค.
Seunggyu is a mischievous kid full of pranks.
๊ณ์๋๋ ํญ์ฐ๋ก ์ ๊ตญ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์์ ํผํด๊ฐ ๋ง๋ค.
Due to the ongoing heavy rain, there is a lot of damage all across the country.
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์ฌํ ๊ฒฝํ์ด ๋ง์์ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ํ๋ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ์ข๋ค.
She has a lot of social experience, so she's good at dealing with people.
๋ง๋ค
makda
to be clear; to be clean
์ ์ด ์ต์ผ๋ฉด ์ฐ๊บผ๊ธฐ๋ ์ฒด๋ก ๊ฑธ๋ฌ๋ด ๋ง์ ์ ๋ง ์ ๋ณ์ ๋ด๋๋ค.
Once the alcohol ferments, the sediment is strained out with a sieve, and only the clear liquor is put into the bottle.
๋ฐ๋ฅ์ด ๋ณด์ผ ์ ๋๋ก ๋ฐ๋ท๋ฌผ์ด ๋ง์๋ค.
The sea water was clear enough to see the bottom.
์ฐ ์์ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์ ๋ด ๋ง์ ์๊น์ง ๊นจ๋ํด์ง๋ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์๋ค.
The air in the mountains was so clear that it felt like even my mind became clean.
๋ง์๋ค
maseopda
to be unsavory; to taste bad
์๋ง๊ฐ ํ ์์์ ์ฑ๊ฒ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ง์ ๋์ฒด๋ก ๋ง์๋ ์์๋ค์ด์๋ค.
The food my mom made was either bland or salty, generally unsavory food.
๋๋ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ ๋ถ๋ฌ ์ง๊ธ์ ์ด๋ค ์์์ ๋จน์ด๋ ๋ง์์ ๊ฒ๋ง ๊ฐ์๋ค.
I was full, so it felt like any food would taste bad right now.
๋๋ ๊ทธ๊ฐ ๋ด ์จ ๋ฐ์ฐฌ์ด ๋ง์์ด ๋จน๋ ๋ฅ ๋ง๋ ๋ฅ ํ๋ค.
The side dish he brought was so unsavory that I barely touched it.
๋ง์๋ค
masitda
to be delicious; to be tasty
์ง์๋ค ์ด๋จธ๋๊ฐ ํด ์ฃผ์ ์์์ ๋ง์๋ ๋์๋งํผ์ด๋ ๋ง๋ ์ข์๋ค.
The food Jisoo's mother made tasted as good as it smelled delicious.
๋ฐฐ๊ฐ ๊ณ ํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ฐ์ฐฌ๋ ์์ด ๋ฐฅ์ ์ผ๋ง๋ ๋ง์๊ฒ ๋จน์๋ค.
We were so hungry that we ate the rice deliciously even without side dishes.
์ด ์๋น์ ์์์ด ์ ๋ง ๋ง์์ด์ ํญ์ ์๋์ด ๋ง๋ค.
This restaurant's food is really delicious, so it always has many customers.
๋งต๋ค
maepda
to be spicy
์ง์๋ ๊ฒจ์์ ํก ์๋ ๋งค์ด ๋ง์ ์ข์ํ๋ค.
Jisoo likes the sharp, spicy taste of mustard.
๊ณ ์ถ๊ฐ ์ด์ฐ๋ ๋งค์ด์ง ๋๋ฌผ์ด ๋ ์ ๋์ด๋ค.
The chili pepper is so spicy it brings tears to your eyes.
์ฌํด ๋ด๊ทผ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง ๊ณ ์ถ์ฅ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋๋ณด๋ค ์ ๋ํ ๋งต๋ค.
The gochujang our family made this year is unusually spicy compared to other years.
๋ฉ์๋ค
meositda
to be nice; to be stylish
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ๊ต์์ ์ ์ผ ๋ฉ์๋ ํ์์ด๋ผ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง๋ค.
Minjun is the coolest student at our school, so he's very popular.
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ํผํผํ๊ณ ๋ฉ์๋ ๋์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค์ด์ ์ข์ํ๋ ์ ์๋๊ป ๋๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ๋ค๊ณ ๋ค์งํ๋ค.
Yumin resolved to make a sturdy, nice piece of pottery and give it to her favorite teacher.
์ ๋ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ์ ๋ฉ์๋ ๋ชฉ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ข์ํด์.
I like that actor's cool voice.
๋ฐ๊ฐ๋ค
bangapda
to be glad; to be joyful
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ์ง์์๊ฒ ๋ฐ๊ฐ๊ฒ ์ธ์ฌํ๋ค.
Yumin greeted Jisoo warmly.
๊ฒฐํผํ ์ง ์ผ ๋
์ด ์ง๋๋๋ก ์์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง์ง ๋ชปํ๋ ์ง์๋ ์ผ๋ง ์ ์์ ํ๋ค๋ ๋ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์์์ ๋์๊ฒ ์ ํ๋ค.
Jisoo, who hadn't been able to have a child even three years after marriage, recently gave me the glad news that she was pregnant.
๋๋ ์ค๋๋ง์ ๋ง๋ ๊ณ ํฅ ์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋๋ฌด๋ ๋ฐ๊ฐ์์ ํ์ฐธ ๋์์ด๋ ์์ ๋ถ์ก๊ณ ๋์ง ์์๋ค.
I was so glad to see my hometown friend after a long time that I held his hand for a long while without letting go.
Practice for free in the app โ