Korean vocabulary โ Qualities & Traits 3
300 words from the "Qualities & Traits 3" theme, with romanization, meaning, and example sentences where available.
๋ฌด์์์
muuisikjjeok
unconscious; automatic
๊ตฌ๋ถ์ ํ ์์ธ๊ฐ ๋ฌด์์์ ์ต๊ด์ผ๋ก ๊ตณ์ด์ง๋ฉด ๊ณ ์น๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ต๋ค.
Once a slouched posture solidifies into an unconscious habit, it's hard to fix.
์์ ์ด ๋ฌด์์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ต๋ํ ์์ฌ ์ต๊ด์ ํ์
ํ์ง ๋ชปํ ์ฑ ๋ค์ด์ดํธ๋ฅผ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฐ๋์งํ์ง ์๋ค.
It's not advisable to diet without grasping the eating habits one has unconsciously acquired.
๋ฌด์ง
muji
very; really
์ด์ผ, ๋ ์จ ํ๋ฒ ๋ฌด์ง ๋ฅ๊ตฌ๋.
Wow, the weather is really hot.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ง์ ์์ด๋ค์ด ๋ฌด์ง๋ฅผ ๋ฒ์ด๋๊ฒ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์์ ํ๊ต๋ฅผ ์ค๋ฆฝํ๋ค.
We established a small school to help the village children escape ignorance.
๋ฌด์งํ๋ค
mujihada
tremendous; enormous
๋๋ ๊ฐ์กฑ๋ค์ ์๊ฐํ๋ฉฐ ํ๋ ํ๋ จ์ ๋ฌด์งํ ๊ณ ํต์ ์ฐธ์ ๋ด๊ณ ๋ ์ฐธ์ ๋๋ค.
Thinking of my family, I endured the tremendous pain of the tough training over and over.
์ด ์์
์ ๊ธ์ฐ๊ธฐ์ ๋ํด ๋ฌด์งํ ํ์๋ค์ ์ํด ๊ธฐ์ด์ ์ธ ๋จ๊ณ๋ถํฐ ์์ํ๋ค.
This class starts from the basics for students who are ignorant about writing.
๋ฌต์์
mukssijeok
implying
๊ณ์ฝ์๋ ๊ธ๋ก ํํ๋๋ ๋ช
์์ ๋์์ ์์ฐ์ค์ ์๋ฌต์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์ด๋ ๋ฌต์์ ๋์๊ฐ ์๋ค.
In a contract, there is explicit consent expressed in writing and implicit consent shown subtly.
์ฌ๋์ ์ค๋ฆฌ ์์์ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ํ๋ํด์ผ ํ๋๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฌต์์ ์ผ๋ก ์๋ ค ์ค๋ค.
A person's ethical awareness implicitly tells them how they should behave.
๋ฌธ๋ฒ์
munbeopjjeok
grammatical
์ธ๊ตญ์ด๋ก ๊ธ์ ์ธ ๋์๋ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ์ ์ค๋ฅ๊ฐ ์๊ธฐ ๋ง๋ จ์ด๋ค.
When writing in a foreign language, grammatical errors are bound to occur.
์ธ๊ตญ์ธ๋ค์ ๋ง์ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ์ ์ด์ด๋ ์ด์ํ ๋๊ฐ ๋ง๋ค.
Foreigners' speech is often awkward even when it's grammatically correct.
๋ฌธํ์
munhakjjeok
literary
์น๊ท๊ฐ ์จ ์ค ํธ์ง๋ ๋ฌธํ์ ํํ๋ค๋ก ๋์ณค๋ค.
The letter Seunggyu wrote was overflowing with literary expressions.
์ด ์ฑ
์ ๋ฌธํ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋์ ํ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊ณ ์๋ค.
This book is highly regarded from a literary point of view.
๋ฌธํ์
munhwajeok
cultural
์๋๋ ์ง์ญ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌธํ์ ํน์ง์ ๋ค์ํ๊ฒ ๋ํ๋๋ค.
Cultural characteristics appear differently depending on the era or region.
์ธ์ข
๋์์ ๋ฌธํ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ค์ํ ์
์ ์ ๋จ๊ฒผ๋ค.
King Sejong left behind a wide variety of cultural achievements.
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์
mullijeok
physical
์๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋ถ์๋ค์ด ๋จ๋ ค์ ๋๋ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ํ์์ด๋ค.
Sound is a physical phenomenon that occurs when air molecules vibrate.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ์กด์ฌํ์ง ์๋ ๊ฐ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ์์ ์ฒ์ ๋ง๋ฌ๋ค.
We first met in a virtual space that doesn't physically exist.
๋ฌผ์
muljeok
physical
์ค๊ตญ์ ๋์ฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌผ์ ์์์ด ํ๋ถํ ๋๋ผ์ด๋ค.
China is a country rich in material resources such as agricultural products.
์ด ๋๋ผ๋ ํํ์ผ๋ก ๋ง์ ๊ฐ์ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋ค์ด ๋ฌด๋์ง๋ ๋ฑ ๋ฌผ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์์ ํฐ ํผํด๋ฅผ ์
์๋ค.
This country suffered great material damage, with many houses and buildings collapsing due to the typhoon.
๋ฌผ์ง์
muljjiljeok
material
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ฌ๋ ์ด๋ฒ ํ์ฌ๋ก ์ธํด ์ด๋ง์ด๋งํ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ํผํด๋ฅผ ์
์๋ค.
Our company suffered enormous material damage due to this fire.
์ด ์ง์ญ์ ํ์๋ก ํฐ ํผํด๋ฅผ ์
์ด ์ ๋ถ์ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ์ธ ์ง์์ด ํ์ํ๋ค.
This region suffered great damage from the flood and needs material support from the government.
๋ฏธ๋ ์งํฅ์
mirae jihyangjeok
future-oriented
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ํ์ฌ๋ ์๊ฐํ์ง ์๊ณ ์ง๋์น๊ฒ ๋ฏธ๋ ์งํฅ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํ๋ง์ ์ธ์ฐ๊ณ ์๋ค.
Minjun isn't thinking about the present at all and is only setting excessively future-oriented goals.
์ ๋ฏผ์ด์ ์์ด๋์ด๋ ํ์ค์์๋ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง ์ ์๋ ๋ฏธ๋ ์งํฅ์ ์ธ ์์์ด์๋ค.
Yumin's idea was a future-oriented fantasy that could never be realized in reality.
๋ฏธ์ํ๋ค
misohada
very little; microscopic
๋ฐํ
๋ฆฌ์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฏธ์ํ ์๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ ํ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ผ๋ก ๊ด์ฐฐํด์ผ ๋ณผ ์ ์๋ค.
Microscopic organisms like bacteria can only be seen by observing them under a microscope.
์ ๋ถ๋ ๋๋์ ์ธ ๊ด๊ณ ํ๋ณด์๋ ๊ด๊ด๊ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ ์๊ฐ ๋ฏธ์ํ์ ๋์ฑ
์ ๋ง๋ จํ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ๋ค.
As the increase in tourists remained slight despite the massive ad campaign, the government decided to prepare countermeasures.
๋ ๋จ๋
๋ ์๋ก์ ์ผ๊ตด์ ๋ฐ๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ํ์ง ๋ฏธ์ํ์๋ค.
The man and woman looked at each other's faces and smiled brightly.
๋ฏธ์์
misijeok
being microscopic
๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ์ ํ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์์ธ์ ๋ฏธ์์ ์ธ ๊ด์ ์์ ๋ฐ๋ผ๋ณด๋ ์
์ฅ์ด๋ค.
That economist takes the position of viewing the causes of economic problems from a microscopic perspective.
๊ทธ ๊ตญํ์์์ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์์ ์ํค๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ฏธ์์ ์ ๊ทผ์ด ํ์ํ๋ค๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํ์๋ค.
The lawmaker argued that a microscopic approach was needed to stabilize prices.
๋ฏธ์ ์
misinjeok
superstitious
์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถํ์ ์ซ์๋ผ๊ณ ๋ฏฟ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ผ์ข
์ ๋ฏธ์ ์ ์ฌ๊ณ ์ด๋ค.
Believing that the number four is an unlucky number is a kind of superstitious thinking.
์งํฌ์ค๋ ์ผ์ข
์ ๋ฏธ์ ์ ์ธ ์๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ๋ณผ ์ ์๋ค.
A jinx can be seen as a kind of superstitious idea.
๋ฏธ์จ์
mionjeok
lukewarm; half-hearted
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ ๋ฏธ์จ์ ์์ฌ๋ก ์ธํด ์์ฌ๋ ๋ช ๋ฌ์งธ ์ง์ ์ด ์์๋ค.
Due to the police's lukewarm investigation, there had been no progress for months.
์ ๋ถ์ ๋ฏธ์จ์ ์ธ ํ๋๋ก ์ธํด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋ค์ ๋ฐ๋ฐ์ด ๋์ฑ ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ก๋ค.
Because of the government's half-hearted attitude, the public's backlash grew even fiercer.
๋ฏธ์
mijeok
aesthetic
๋ฏธ์ ๊ธฐ์ค์ ์๋์ ํ๋ฆ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ค์ํ๊ฒ ๋ณํํด ์๋ค.
Aesthetic standards have changed in various ways along with the flow of the times.
์ง์์ ์น๊ท๋ ๋ฏธ์ ์ธ ๊ด์ ์ด ๋ฌ๋ผ ์ท์ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ณ ์ด ๋ ์์ฃผ ๋คํฐ๋ค.
Jisu and Seunggyu have different aesthetic points of view, so they often argue when choosing and buying clothes.
๋ฏธํ์
mihakjjeok
aesthetic
๋ฌธํ์ ์ธ์ด์ ๋ฏธํ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ ํ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์๋ค.
Literature is closely related to the aesthetic function of language.
ํ ์์ ์ํ์ ํ๊ฐ๋ ๋ฏธํ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ง ๊ฒฐ์ ๋์ง ์๋๋ค.
The evaluation of a work of art is not determined by aesthetic factors alone.
๋ฏผ์กฑ์
minjokjjeok
ethnic; national
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ ์์ ์ธ๊ณ ๋ฌด๋ ์ง์ถ์ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ ์๊ธ์ฌ์ ๋๋ผ๊ฒ ํ๋ค.
Our athlete's advance onto the world stage made people feel national pride.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ๋ ํ๋ ์ ์์ ๊ฒช์ผ๋ฉด์ ๊ฐ์๊ธฐ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ ๋ฐ์ด๋ ์ค์ด ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ ์ผ๋ก ํฐ ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง์๋ค.
Our country, having gone through a war at one point, faced a great ethnic crisis as its population suddenly dropped by half.
๋ฏผ์ฃผ์
minjujeok
democratic
ํ ๋ก ๊ณผ ํฌํ๋ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์์ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ผ์ข
์ด๋ค.
Debate and voting are a kind of democratic decision-making method.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ค์ํ ์๊ฒฌ์ ์๋ ดํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ด๊ณ ์ํ์ ์ธ ์์ฌ์ํต ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ถ๊ตฌํ๋ค.
We pursue a democratic and horizontal way of communicating in order to gather diverse opinions.
๋ฏผ์ค์
minjungjeok
popular
์ด๋ฒ ๋ํต๋ น์ ๋ฏผ์ค์ ์ง์ง์ ํ์
์ด ๋น์ ๋์๋ค.
This president was elected on the strength of popular support.
์ฌํด ์ถ์ํ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ฌ์ ์ ์ ํ์ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ด ์ธ๊ณ ์ง๋ ์ข์ ๋ฏผ์ค์ ์ผ๋ก ํฌ๊ฒ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
Our company's new product released this year was widely loved by the public for being cheap and of good quality.
๋ฐ๋ฏผ์กฑ์
banminjokjjeok
being against one's own people
์น์ผ ์ธ๋ ฅ๋ค์ ๋ฐ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ ๋งํ๋ค์ ๊ทํ ๋ฐ์์ผ ๋ง๋
ํ๋ค.
The anti-national atrocities of pro-Japanese forces deserve to be condemned.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ ์ ์ ๋ฌธํ์ ์ฐ์ ์ธ๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ํ์๋๊ธฐ๋ ์ง์ ๋ฐ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ์ฃ์ด๋ค.
Selling off our own cultural heritage to foreign countries is an anti-national crime.
๋ฐ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์
banminjujeok
anti-democratic
๋ฐ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ๋
์ฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์์๋ ๋ฏผ์ค์ ์๊ฒฌ์ ๋ฌด์๋๊ธฐ ์ญ์์ด๋ค.
In an anti-democratic dictatorship, the people's opinions are likely to be ignored.
๊น ์ ์์ ๋
์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง์งํ๋ ๋ฐ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ธ์ ํ๋ค.
Teacher Kim made anti-democratic remarks supporting dictatorship.
๋ฐ๋ณต์
banbokjjeok
being repetitive
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ฆ์์ด ๋ฐ๋ณต์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋์ ๋ณ์์ ๊ฐ๋ค.
Yumin went to the hospital because the same symptom kept repeatedly appearing.
์ธ๊ตญ์ด ๊ต์ก์์๋ ๋ฐ๋ณต์ ํ์ต์ด ์ค์ํ๋ค.
In foreign language education, repetitive learning is important.
๋ฐ์ฌ์
bansajeok
reflexive; instinctive
๋ฐ์ฌ์ ํ๋์ผ๋ก ๋์ด์ง๋ ์์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ก์๋ค.
I caught the falling child in a reflexive action.
๋๋ ์๊ธ ์ํฉ์์ ๋ฐ์ฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด์ ๋๋ฅผ ๋นํ์ด ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ ๋ฉดํ ์ ์์๋ค.
In the emergency, I reflexively turned the steering wheel and was able to avoid the accident.
๋ฐ์ฌํ์
bansahoejeok
antisocial
ํฌ๊ธฐ, ํ์ธ์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ์ฌํ์ ํ์๋ ์ฒ๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ์์ผ ํ๋ค.
Antisocial acts such as speculation and tax evasion should be punished.
์ผ๋ง ์ ๋ถ์กํ ์ฐ์ ์ด์ธ๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ์ฌํ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฒฉ ์ฅ์ ์๋ก ํ๋ช
๋์๋ค.
The serial killer caught not long ago was found to have an antisocial personality disorder.
๋ฐ์ฑ์
banseongjeok
reflective; repentant
์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๋ฉด ๋ฐ์ฑ์ ์ฑ์ฐฐ์ ์๊ฐ์ ๊ฐ์ง ์ ์๋ค.
Writing a diary lets you have a time of reflective self-examination.
ํ๋ฆฐ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๋ค์ ํ๋ฆฌ์ง ์์ผ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฐ์ฑ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒํ ํด ๋ณผ ํ์๊ฐ ์๋ค.
To avoid getting the wrong answer again, you need to review it reflectively.
๋ฐ์ด์
baneojeok
being ironic
์๊ฐ๋ ๋ฐ์ด์ ์ธ ํํ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ฌํ๋ฅผ ๋นํํ๋ค.
The writer criticized society using ironic expressions.
๊ทธ ๊ฐ์์ ์ ๊ณก์ ๋ฐ์ด์ ์๋ฏธ์ ์ ๋ชฉ์ผ๋ก ํ์ ๊ฐ ๋์๋ค.
That singer's new song became a hot topic for its ironically-meant title.
๋ฐ์๊ตฌ์
banyeonggujeok
semi-permanent
์ธ๊ณต ์น์๋ ๋ฐ์๊ตฌ์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ค.
Artificial teeth are intended for semi-permanent use.
์ด ํ๋ถ์ ๋ฐ์๊ตฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ฅ์ ์ด๋ค.
The advantage of this flowerpot is that it can be used semi-permanently.
๋ฐ์ง๋ฐ์งํ๋ค
banjilbanjilhada
glossy; lustrous
ํ์ ํผ๋ถ์ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ง์ด ์ฐ๋ ์ธ๋๋ ๋งค๋ํ๊ณ ๋ฐ์ง๋ฐ์งํ ํผ๋ถ๋ฅผ ์๋ํ๋ค.
My older sister, who normally takes great care of her skin, boasts smooth, glossy skin.
๋์์ ์ง์น ํ์๋ค์ ๊ณต๋ถํ๊ธฐ ์ซ์ด ๋ฐ์ง๋ฐ์งํ๊ฒ ๊ตด์๋ค.
The students, exhausted by the heat, shirked their studies and lazed about.
๋ฐํญ์
banhangjeok
being rebellious; being defiant
๊ทธ ํ์์ ๋ฐํญ์ ์ธ ํ๋์ ์ ์๋๊ป์๋ ๋ ํ๊ฐ ๋์
จ๋ค.
The teacher grew even angrier at the student's rebellious attitude.
์ด๋จธ๋๊ป์๋ ์ฒ ์๋ ์์ ๋ด ๋ฐํญ์ ํ๋๋ค์๋ ์นจ์ฐฉํ๊ฒ ๋ฐ์ํ์
จ๋ค.
My mother reacted calmly even to my rebellious behavior during my immature years.
๋ฐ์ ์
baljjeonjeok
being developmental
๊ทธ ๋จ์๋ ์ฑ๊ณตํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ ์ผ๋ง์ ๊ฐ๊ณ ๋งค์ฌ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์ธ ์์ธ๋ก ์ํ๋ค.
Ambitious about succeeding, that man approached everything with a developmental attitude.
์ฌ์ถ๊ธฐ๋ ์ด๋ฆฐ์ด๊ฐ ์ฑ์ธ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๋ฐ์ ์ ๋จ๊ณ์ด๋ค.
Adolescence is a developmental stage for a child on the way to becoming an adult.
๋ฐ๋ค
baktta
bright; luminous
์๊ณจ ๋ณ๋ค์ ์ ๋ํ ๋ฐ๋ค.
The stars in the countryside are especially bright.
๋ฐค์ ๊ณผ์ ๋ฅผ ํ๋ค ๋ณด๋ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ์ด ๋ฐ์ ์์๋ค.
As I worked on my assignment all night, it had become light outside the window.
๋ฐฉ๊ด์
banggwanjeok
onlooking; indifferent
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ์ฒญ์ ์๊ฐ๋ง ๋๋ฉด ๋ฐฉ๊ด์ ํ๋๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฌ ์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ ๋ฏธ์์ ์๋ค.
Whenever cleaning time came, Yumin showed an indifferent bystander attitude and earned her friends' resentment.
์๋ฒ์ง๋ ์๋ค ๊ต์ก์ ๋ฐฉ๊ด์ ์ด์ด์ ์๋ค์ด ๋ฐ์์ ๋ช ๋ฑ์ ํ๋์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ ๋ค.
The father is indifferent to his son's education, so he doesn't even know what rank his son holds in class.
๋ฐฉ์ด์
bangeojeok
defensive
๊ณจํคํผ๋ ์๋ ํ ์ ์๊ฐ ๊ณต์ ์ฐจ๋ฉฐ ๋ค๊ฐ์ค์ ๋ฐฉ์ด์ ์์ธ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ๋ค.
The goalkeeper took a defensive stance as the opposing player approached, kicking the ball.
์ค ๊ณผ์ฅ์ ์์ ์ด ํ ์ผ์ ๋ํด ์ง์ ์ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ฉด ๋ฐฉ์ด์ ์ธ ํ๋๋ก ๋ณ๋ช
ํ๋ค.
When Manager Yoon is criticized for something he did, he makes excuses with a defensive attitude.
๋ฒ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์
beomgungminjeok
pan-national; nationwide
๊ทธ ๋ฒ๋ฅ ์ ๋ฒ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ ๋ฐ๋์ ๋ถ๋ชํ ํต๊ณผ๋์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค.
That law failed to pass, running into nationwide opposition.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ์ ๋ฅ์ณค๋ ๊ฒฝ์ ์๊ธฐ๋ ๋ฒ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ ์ธ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ผ๋ก ์ด๊ฒจ ๋ผ ์ ์์๋ค.
The economic crisis that hit our country was overcome through nationwide effort.
๋ฒ์๋ฏผ์
beomsiminjeok
involving all citizens
์์ ๋จ์ฒด์์ ์์๋ ํ๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํธ ์ด๋์ด ๋ฒ์๋ฏผ์ ์ด๋์ผ๋ก ํ์ฅ๋์๋ค.
The environmental protection movement that started with a small group expanded into a citywide movement.
์ด ์บ ํ์ธ์ ๋ฒ์๋ฏผ์ ์ธ ์ฐธ์ฌ๋ก ์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ผ๋ก ์งํ๋์๋ค.
This campaign proceeded successfully with citywide participation.
๋ฒ์ฃ์
beomjoejeok
criminal
๊ทธ ๋ฒ์ฃ์์ ๋ฒํ์๋ ๋ฒ์ฃ์ ์ธ ์๋๊ฐ ์ง์ด์ ๋์ ํ๋์ด ๋ถ๊ณผ๋์๋ค.
That criminal's act carried a strong criminal intent, so a heavy sentence was imposed.
ํผ๊ณ ๋ ๋ฒ์ฃ์ ์๋๊ฐ ๊ฐํด์ ๋์ ํ๋์ ์ ๊ณ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
The defendant was sentenced to a heavy penalty due to strong criminal intent.
๋ฒ๋ฅ ์
beomnyuljeok
being legal
๊ทธ ๋จ์์ ๋ชป๋ ์ง์ ๋ฒ๋ฅ ์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ ์์ด์ ์ฒ๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์๋ค.
That man's misconduct cannot be punished because there is no legal basis for it.
์ด ์ฌ์
๊ณํ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ๋ชจ๋ ๋ฒ๋ฅ ์ ๊ฒํ ๋ฅผ ํด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค.
I will conduct all legal review related to this business plan.
๋ฒ์
beopjjeok
legal; legalistic
๊ทธ ์ง์นจ์ ๋ฒ์ ํจ๋ ฅ์ด ์๋ค.
That guideline has no legal effect.
๊ทธ ๋ถ๋ถ๋ ๋ฒ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ดํผํ ์ํ์ด๋ค.
That couple is legally divorced.
๋ณ์น์
byeonchikjjeok
irregular; anomalous
๊ทธ ์ ์์ ๋ณ์น์ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์๋ ์ ์๋ ๋นํฉํ๋ค.
The opposing player was flustered by that player's irregular attack.
๊ทธ ์กฐ์ง์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ ๋จ์์ ํผํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ณ์น์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ง์ฝ ๋ฐ์๋ฅผ ํด ์๋ค.
That organization has been smuggling drugs by irregular methods to avoid police crackdowns.
๋ณ์
byeongjeok
pathological; abnormal
๊ทธ๋ ์ฒญ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ํด ๋ณ์ ์ธ ์ง์ฐฉ์ ๋ณด์๋ค.
He showed a pathological obsession with cleanliness.
๊ทธ์ ํ๋์๋ ๋ณ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ ๋งํ ๋ถ๋ถ์ด ์์๋ค.
There was something about his behavior that could be called pathological.
๋ณด์์
bosujeok
conservative
๊ทธ๋ ๋ณด์์ ์ธ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค.
He has a conservative way of thinking.
๊ทธ์ ์ ์น ์ฑํฅ์ ๋งค์ฐ ๋ณด์์ ์ด๋ค.
His political leaning is very conservative.
๋ณดํธ์
bopyeonjeok
universal
์ฌ๋์ ๋ณดํธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ ์ด๋ค.
Love is a universal emotion.
์ด ์ด๋ก ์ ๋งค์ฐ ๋ณดํธ์ ์ด๋ค.
This theory is very universal.
๋ณต๊ณ ์
bokkkojeok
retro
๊ทธ ๊ฐ์๋ ๋ณต๊ณ ์ ์ธ ์คํ์ผ์ ์ท์ ์ฆ๊ฒจ ์
๋๋ค.
That singer likes to wear retro-style clothes.
์์ฆ ํจ์
ํธ๋ ๋๋ ๋ค์ ๋ณต๊ณ ์ ์ด ๋๊ณ ์๋ค.
These days, fashion trends are becoming retro again.
๋ณตํฉ์
bokapjjeok
complex; combined
์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์์ธ์ด ์ฝํ ๋ณตํฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ค.
This is a complex problem with several intertwined causes.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๊ณ ์ ์์ธ์ ๋ณตํฉ์ ์ด์๋ค.
The cause of the accident was complex.
๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์
bongyeokjjeok
in full swing; full-scale
์ฅ๋ง์ฒ ์ด ๋์ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋น๊ฐ ๋ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์์ํ๋ค.
As the rainy season arrived, full-scale rain began to fall.
์ด ํ๋ก์ ํธ๋ ์ด์ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๋ค.
This project is now in full swing.
๋ณธ๋ฅ์
bonneungjeok
instinctive
๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๋ณธ๋ฅ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์์ด์๋ค.
It was an instinctive reaction.
์ํ์ ํผํ๋ ค๋ ํ๋๋ ๋ณธ๋ฅ์ ์ด๋ค.
The attitude of avoiding danger is instinctive.
๋ณธ์์
bonwonjeok
fundamental; original
์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋ณธ์์ ์๊ตฌ๋ ์์กด์ด๋ค.
The fundamental human desire is survival.
๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์์ธ์ ๋ณธ์์ ์ด๋ค.
The cause of that problem is fundamental.
๋ณธ์ง์
bonjiljeok
essential; fundamental
๋ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ณธ์ง์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ์๋ค.
The two theories have an essential difference.
์ด ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์์ธ์ ๋ณธ์ง์ ์ด๋ค.
The cause of this problem is essential/fundamental.
๋ด๊ฑด์
bonggeonjeok
feudal
๊ทธ ์์ค์ ๋ด๊ฑด์ ์ธ ์ ๋ถ ์ฌํ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ค.
The novel is set against the backdrop of a feudal class society.
๊ทธ ์ง์ญ์ ๊ด์ต์ ์ฌ์ ํ ๋ด๊ฑด์ ์ด๋ค.
The customs of that region are still feudal.
๋ถ์์
busujeok
additional; ancillary
๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๋ณธ๋ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ๋ถ์์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ค.
That is merely an ancillary issue to the original purpose.
์ด ๋น์ฉ์ ์ ์ฒด ์์ฐ์์ ๋ถ์์ ์ด๋ค.
This cost is ancillary within the overall budget.
๋ถ์ฐ์
bunsanjeok
dispersed
์ด ์กฐ์ง์ ๋ถ์ฐ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ก ์ด์๋๋ค.
This organization operates with a dispersed structure.
๊ทธ ๋ง์์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ํํ๋ ๋ถ์ฐ์ ์ด๋ค.
The residential pattern of that village is dispersed.
๋ถ์์
bunseokjjeok
being analytic
๊ทธ๋ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ๊ทผํ๋ค.
He approaches problems analytically.
์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์๋ ๋ถ์์ ์ธ ์๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ์์ฑ๋์๋ค.
This report was written with an analytic perspective.
๋ถ์ ์
bunjeoljeok
breaking; segmentable
์ธ์ด๋ ๋ถ์ ์ ๋จ์๋ก ๋๋ ์ ์๋ค.
Language can be divided into segmentable units.
์ด ์๋ฆฌ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ ๋ถ์ ์ ์ด๋ค.
The structure of this sound is segmental.
๋ถ๊ฐํญ๋ ฅ์
bulgahangnyeokjjeok
unavoidable; uncontrollable
ํํ์ ๋ถ๊ฐํญ๋ ฅ์ ์์ฐ์ฌํด๋ค.
A typhoon is an unavoidable natural disaster.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ ๋ถ๊ฐํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ด์๋ค.
That accident was unavoidable.
๋ถ๊ท์น์
bulgyuchikjjeok
irregular
๊ทธ๋ ๋ถ๊ท์น์ ์ธ ์ํ ์ต๊ด์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค.
He has irregular living habits.
๊ทธ์ ์๋ฉด ํจํด์ ๋ถ๊ท์น์ ์ด๋ค.
His sleep pattern is irregular.
๋ถ๋ฒ์
bulbeopjjeok
illegal
๊ทธ ๊ฑฐ๋๋ ๋ช
๋ฐฑํ ๋ถ๋ฒ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด์๋ค.
That transaction was clearly an illegal method.
๊ทธ ํ์ฌ์ ๊ดํ์ ๋ถ๋ฒ์ ์ด๋ค.
That company's practice is illegal.
๋ถ์ฐ์์
buryeonsokjjeok
being discontinuous
๊ทธ์ ์ธ์์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๋ฒ์ ๋ถ์ฐ์์ ์ ๊ฒช์๋ค.
His life went through several instances of discontinuity.
๊ทธ ๊ทธ๋ํ๋ ๋ถ์ฐ์์ ์ธ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ทธ๋ ค์ก๋ค.
That graph was drawn with a discontinuous line.
๋ถํฉ๋ฆฌ์
bulhamnijeok
being unreasonable
๊ทธ์ ์ฃผ์ฅ์๋ ๋ถํฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด ๋ง์๋ค.
There were many unreasonable points in his argument.
๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ๋ถํฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์๋ค.
That decision seemed unreasonable.
๋น๊ฒฉ์์
bigyeokssikjjeok
being informal
๊ทธ ๋ชจ์์ ๋น๊ฒฉ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์งํ๋์๋ค.
The gathering proceeded informally.
๊ทธ๋ ๋น๊ฒฉ์์ ์ธ ์๋ฆฌ์์ ํธํ๊ฒ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๋ค.
He spoke comfortably at the informal gathering.
๋น๊ณต์์
bigongsikjjeok
being unofficial
๊ทธ ๋ฐํ๋ ๋น๊ณต์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก๋ค.
That announcement was made unofficially.
๋ ๋๋ผ๋ ๋น๊ณต์์ ํ๋ด์ ๊ฐ์ก๋ค.
The two countries held an unofficial meeting.
๋น๊ด์
bigwanjeok
pessimism
๊ทธ๋ ๋ฏธ๋์ ๋ํด ๋น๊ด์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ฐํ๋ค.
He thinks pessimistically about the future.
๊ทธ์ ๋น๊ด์ ์ธ ํ๋๊ฐ ๊ฑฑ์ ์ค๋ฝ๋ค.
His pessimistic attitude is worrying.
๋น๊ทน์
bigeukjjeok
tragic
๊ทธ ์ํ๋ ๋น๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๋ง๋ก ๋๋ฌ๋ค.
The movie ended with a tragic conclusion.
๊ทธ์ ์ถ์ ๋น๊ทน์ ์ด์๋ค.
His life was tragic.
๋น๋๋์
bidodeokjjeok
being immoral
๊ทธ ํ๋์ ๋น๋๋์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฒจ์ก๋ค.
That behavior was considered immoral.
๊ทธ์ ๋น๋๋์ ์ธ ํ๋์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋๋ฌ๋ฌ๋ค.
His immoral behavior was eventually revealed.
๋น์์ฐ์
bisaengsanjeok
being unproductive
๊ทธ ํ์๋ ๋น์์ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฌ๋ค.
That meeting ended unproductively.
๊ทธ๋ฐ ๋
ผ์์ ๋น์์ฐ์ ์ธ ์๊ฐ ๋ญ๋น๋ค.
Such an argument is an unproductive waste of time.
๋น์ฝ์
biyakjjeok
rapidly-rising; fast-developing
๊ทธ ํ์ฌ๋ ๋น์ฝ์ ์ฑ์ฅ์ ์ด๋ฃจ์๋ค.
That company achieved rapid growth.
์ด ์ฐ์
์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ๋น์ฝ์ ์ด๋ค.
The development of this industry is rapid.
๋น์์ฌ์
biyangsimjeok
unconscientious; unscrupulous
๋ฐฉ์ก์์ ์ ํต ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ด ์ง๋ ์์์ ํ๋งคํ ์
์ฒด์ ๋น์์ฌ์ ํ์๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฐํ๋ค.
The broadcast exposed the unscrupulous practice of a company selling food past its expiration date.
์ ์ ์ง์ ๋์๋ฅผ ํ๋ ํ์๋ ๋น์์ฌ์ ์ธ ํ๋์ด๋ค.
Graffitiing a historical site is an unscrupulous act.
๋น์์์
biwisaengjeok
unhygienic; unsanitary
๊ทธ๋ ๋น์์์ ์์์ ๋จน๊ณ ์์ค๋
์ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋ค.
He got food poisoning after eating unhygienic food.
์ด๋ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ํ ๊ฐ์ด๋ฐ๋ ๋น์์์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ง๋ ์ ํ์ด ๋ง์๋ค.
Many of these health foods were products made unhygienically.
๋น์ ์
biyujeok
figurative; metaphorical
์๋ฅผ ์ธ ๋๋ ๋น์ ์ ํํ์ ์ ์ ํ ํ์ฉํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
When writing poetry, you should use figurative expressions appropriately.
์ด ๊ธ์ ๋น์ ์ ์ธ ์ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ํํ์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋์๋ค.
This piece of writing enhanced its expressive effect by using figurative language.
๋น์ค๋ฆฌ์
biyullijeok
unethical; immoral
๋น ์ค๋ ๋ ํ์๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ๋ ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋น์ค๋ฆฌ์ ํ์๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ ์ ๋ฐ๋์๋ค.
The unethical act of secretly dumping wastewater on a rainy day was caught by police.
์ฅ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งค๋งคํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋น์ค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํ์์ด๋ค.
Trading organs is an unethical act.
๋น์ด์ฑ์
biiseongjeok
irrationality
์น๊ท๋ ํฅ๋ถํด ๋น์ด์ฑ์ ์ธ ๋ง์ ๋ด๋ฑ์๋ค.
Seunggyu got excited and blurted out an irrational remark.
๊ฐ์ ์๋ง ์น์ฐ์น๋ฉด ๋น์ด์ฑ์ ํ๋์ ํ ์ ์๋ค.
If you're swayed only by emotion, you can act irrationally.
๋น์ธ๊ฐ์
biinganjeok
inhumanity
๊ทธ ์ํ์ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ ๋น์ธ๊ฐ์ ์ผ ์ ๋๋ก ์๊ธฐ ์ค์ฌ์ ์ด๋ค.
The main character of that movie is self-centered to the point of inhumanity.
๋ด์ค์์ ๋น์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋ฒ์ฃ๋ฅผ ์ ์ง๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ํ ๋ณด๋๊ฐ ๋์๋ค.
The news reported on a person who committed an inhumane crime.
๋น์ ๋ฌธ์
bijeonmunjeok
being non-specialist; being unprofessional
๊ฒฝ์ ํ์ ๋์๊ฒ ๋น์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๋ถ์ผ๋ผ ๊ด๋ จ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ์ดํดํ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ต๋ค.
Economics is outside my area of expertise, so it's hard for me to understand papers on the subject.
๊ทธ ์ฑ
์ ๋น์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ฉ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํด ์คํ๋ ค ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ํธํ๋ค.
That book used non-specialist terms, which actually made it easier to read.
๋นํ์
bipanjeok
critical
์ ๋ฌธ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ฝ์ ๋๋ ๋นํ์ ์๊ฐ์ด ํ์ํ๋ค.
You need a critical perspective when reading newspaper editorials.
๊ทธ ์ ๋ ํญ์ ๋ชจ๋ ์ผ์ ๋นํ์ ์ด๋ค.
That kid is always critical about everything.
๋นํฉ๋ฆฌ์
bihamnijeok
being irrational; unreasonableness
๋๋ ๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ ๋นํฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋ง ์์ฉํ ์ ์์๋ค.
I just couldn't bring myself to accept that person's irrational demand.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ํ๊ฐ ๋๋ฉด ๋นํฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ผ์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ๋ค.
When Minjun gets angry, he handles things from an irrational point of view.
๋นํ์ค์
bihyeonsiljeok
being unrealistic; unreality
๋๋ ๋นํ์ค์ ์ธ ๋ด์ฉ์ ์์ค์ ์ข์ํ์ง ์๋๋ค.
I don't like novels with unrealistic content.
ํ ํ๋ณด๋ ์๋ ํ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋นํ์ค์ ๊ณต์ฝ์ ๋ด์ธ์ด๋ค๋ฉฐ ๋นํํ๋ค.
One candidate criticized the opposing candidate for making unrealistic campaign promises.
๋นํจ์จ์
bihyoyuljeok
being inefficient
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ ๋ถ์๊ฐ ๋น์ทํ ์ผ์ ํ๋ ๋นํจ์จ์ ์ธ ์ํฉ์ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ๋ค.
We decided to fix the inefficient situation of two departments doing similar work.
๊ทธ๋ค์ ๋นํจ์จ์ ์์ฌ์ํต ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ฝ๊ฒ ์ผ์ ๋๋ด์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค.
They couldn't finish the work easily because of inefficient communication.
์ฌ๋ฌด์
samujeok
official; businesslike
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค๊ณผ ์ด์ธ๋ ค ์ผํ๋ ๊ฒ๋ณด๋ค ์ฌ๋ฌด์ ์
๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ ์ข์ํ๋ค.
Yumin prefers office/paperwork tasks over working together with people.
๋๋ ์์ฒญ์์ ์ฌ๋ฌด์ ์ธ ์ผ์ ์ฃผ๋ก ํ๋ ๊ณต๋ฌด์์ด๋ค.
I'm a civil servant who mainly does office/paperwork tasks at city hall.
์ฌ๋ณ์
sabyeonjeok
speculative; theoretical
๊ทธ๋ ์ฌ๋ณ์ ์ด๋ก ์ ์คํ์ผ๋ก ์ฎ๊ฒจ ์ค์ ๋ก ์ฆ๋ช
ํด ๋ณด์๋ค.
He moved a speculative theory into an experiment and actually proved it.
๊ณผํ์์ธ ๊ทธ๋ ์ฌ๋ณ์ ์ธ ๋ถ์์ ์คํ์ ํตํด ๋ฐ๋์ ๊ฒ์ฆ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ค๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค.
As a scientist, he said that speculative analysis must always be verified through experiments.
์ฌ์์
sasangjeok
ideological
์ฑ๋ฆฌํ์ ์ฌ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ๊ต์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ง์ด ๋ฐ์๋ค.
Neo-Confucianism was heavily influenced ideologically by Confucianism.
์ต๊ทผ์๋ ์ฐ์์ธ์๊ฒ๋ ์ฌ์์ ๊ฒ์ฆ์ด ์ค์ํ๊ฒ ์์ฉํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
Recently, ideological scrutiny has become important even for celebrities.
์ฌ์์
sasaekjjeok
being contemplative; being meditative
๋
์์ ํ ๋ก ์ ์ข์ํ๋ ์ ์๋์ ๋ชจ์ต์ ํ์๋ค์๊ฒ ์ฌ์์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์๋ค.
The teacher, who enjoyed reading and discussion, appeared contemplative to the students.
์ฒ ํ์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ ๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ํ ๋ก ๊ณผ ๋
์๋ฅผ ์ข์ํ๋ ์ฌ์์ ๋ฉด๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ง๋
๋ค.
Minjun, who majors in philosophy, has a contemplative side that enjoys discussion and reading.
์ฌ์ค์
sasiljeok
real; realistic
๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋
์ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ฌ์ฌ๋ก ์ํ๋ฅผ ์ค๊ฐ๋๊ฒ ๋ง๋ค์๋ค.
Director Park made the movie feel realistic with his realistic depiction.
์ ์๊ฐ๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ธ ๋ฌ์ฌ๋ก ํ์ค๊ฐ์ด ๋์น๋ ์์ค์ ์ผ๋ค.
Writer Shin wrote a novel brimming with a sense of reality through realistic depiction.
์ฌ์
sajeok
private (noun)
ํ์ฌ ํ์ ์๊ฐ์๋ ์ฌ์ ์ธ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ์ง ์๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ข๋ค.
It's best not to bring up personal matters during a company meeting.
๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ์์ ํ ์ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ ์์ ๋์จ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ด์๋ค.
That was a decision that came purely from personal feelings.
์ด ์ง์ญ์๋ ์ผ๊ตญ ์๋์ ์ค์ํ ์ฌ์ ์ด ๋ง์ด ๋จ์ ์๋ค.
Many important historical sites from the Three Kingdoms period remain in this area.
์ฌํ์
sahoejeok
social (adj.)
๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ๊ฐ์ธ์ ์๋ชป์ด ์๋๋ผ ์ฌํ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ด๋ค.
That problem is not an individual's fault but a social problem.
๊ทธ๋ ์ด๋ ค์๋ถํฐ ์ฌํ์ ์ธ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ ์ง๋
์ ์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋ง๋ค.
He has had a sociable nature since childhood, so he has many friends.
์ฐ๋ฐ์
sanbaljeok
being sporadic (noun)
๊ทธ ์ง์ญ์์๋ ํญ๋ ฅ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ผ์ด๋๊ณ ์๋ค.
Violent incidents are occurring sporadically in that area.
์ค๋ ์คํ์๋ ์ฐ๋ฐ์ ์๋๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์์๋ฉ๋๋ค.
Sporadic showers are expected this afternoon.
์ฐ์ ์
sansuljeok
arithmetical (adj.)
์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์ฐ์ ์ ๊ณ์ฐ๋ง์ผ๋ก๋ ์ฝ๊ฒ ํ ์ ์๋ค.
This problem can be easily solved just with arithmetical calculation.
๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋จ์ํ ์ฐ์ ์ ํ๊ท ์ ๋ถ๊ณผํ๋ค.
The result is nothing more than a simple arithmetical average.
์ด์ธ์
sarinjeok
murderous; backbreaking (adj.)
์ฌ๋ฆ์ฒ ์์ธ์ ์ด์ธ์ ๋์์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ง์ณ ์๋ค.
People are exhausted by the murderous summer heat in Seoul.
๊ณต์ฅ ๋
ธ๋์๋ค์ ์ด์ธ์ ์ธ ๋
ธ๋ ๊ฐ๋์ ์๋ฌ๋ ค ์๋ค.
The factory workers have suffered from a backbreaking workload.
์๋ณด์
sangbojeok
complementary (adj.)
๋ ๋๋ผ๋ ์๋ณด์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ณ ์๋ก ํ์ํ ์์์ ๊ตํํ๋ค.
The two countries have a complementary relationship and exchange resources they each need.
๋ ์ด๋ก ์ ์๋ณด์ ์ธ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ ์ง๋๊ณ ์์ด ํจ๊ป ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ค.
The two theories have a complementary nature and should be studied together.
์์ต์
sangseupjjeok
habitual (adj.)
๊ทธ๋ ์์ต์ ์ง๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ์ฌ์์ ํด๊ณ ๋์๋ค.
He was eventually fired from the company for habitual tardiness.
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ ์์ต์ ์ธ ์์ฃผ ์ด์ ์๋ฅผ ์ง์ค์ ์ผ๋ก ๋จ์ํ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ๋ค.
The police decided to intensively crack down on habitual drunk drivers.
์์์
sangsikjjeok
sensible; commonsensical (adj.)
๊ทธ๋ ํญ์ ์์์ ์ธ ํ๋จ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํด๊ฒฐํ๋ค.
He always solves problems with sensible judgment.
๊ทธ ๊ท์น์ ์ง๊ทนํ ์์์ ์ธ ์์ค์์ ๋ง๋ค์ด์ก๋ค.
That rule was made at an extremely commonsense level.
์์
์
sangeopjjeok
commercial (adj.)
๊ทธ ์ํ๋ ์์
์ ์ฑ๊ณต์ ๊ฑฐ๋์ด ์ํธ๊น์ง ์ ์๋์๋ค.
The movie achieved commercial success and even a sequel was made.
์ด ์ํ์ ์์ ์ฑ๋ณด๋ค ์์
์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์ด ๋ ๊ฐ์กฐ๋์๋ค.
This work emphasizes the commercial aspect more than the artistic one.
์์ง์
sangjingjeok
symbolic (adj.)
๋น๋๊ธฐ๋ ํํ๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์์ง์ ๋๋ฌผ์ด๋ค.
The dove is a symbolic animal representing peace.
๊ทธ ํ์ฌ๋ ์ค์ง์ ์ธ ํจ๊ณผ๋ณด๋ค ์์ง์ ์ธ ์๋ฏธ๊ฐ ๋ ์ปธ๋ค.
That event had a symbolic meaning greater than its practical effect.
์๋์
saengdeukjjeok
innate; inherent (adj.)
์ธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ์๋์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๋ ์ฃผ์ฅ์ด ์๋ค.
There is an argument that the ability to learn language is innate.
๊ทธ์ ์ฌ๋ฅ์ ์๋์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ผ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์๋ค.
His talent was not innate but the result of effort.
์๋ฆฌ์
saengnijeok
physiological (adj.)
๋ฐฐ๊ฐ ๊ณ ํ ๊ฒ์ ์๋ฆฌ์ ํ์์ด๋ค.
Feeling hungry is a physiological phenomenon.
์ด ๋ฐ์์ ์๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์์ธ์์ ๋น๋กฏ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
This reaction originates from a physiological cause.
์๋ฌผํ์
saengmulhakjjeok
being biological (noun)
๊ทธ ๋์ ์ ์ฌ์ฑ์ ์๋ฌผํ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ด์ง ๋ฌธํ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ค.
The similarity between the two is biological, not cultural.
์๋ฅ์ด๋ผ๋ ์๋ฌผํ์ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ์กด์ฌํ ์ ์๋ค.
Even twins can have biological differences.
์์ฐ์
saengsanjeok
being productive (noun)
์ด๋ฒ ํ์๋ ์์ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์์ด ๋๋ ๋ฒ๋ ธ๋ค.
This meeting ended without any productive results.
๊ทธ๋ ์๊ฐ์ ์์ฐ์ ํ๋์ ์ฐ๋ ค๊ณ ๋
ธ๋ ฅํ๋ค.
He tries to spend his time on productive activities.
์๊ตฌ์
seogujeok
being western (noun)
๊ทธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ ๋์์ธ์ ์๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๋๋์ ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ํ๊ธด๋ค.
The building's design strongly gives off a western feel.
์ ์ ์ธ๋๋ ์๊ตฌ์ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์์ฐ์ค๋ฝ๊ฒ ๋ฐ์๋ค์ธ๋ค.
The younger generation naturally accepts a western way of thinking.
์๋ฏผ์
seominjeok
folksy (adj.)
๊ทธ ์๋น์ ์๋ฏผ์ ๋ถ์๊ธฐ๋ก ์๋๋ค์๊ฒ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง๋ค.
That restaurant is popular with customers for its folksy atmosphere.
์ ์์ฅ์ ์๋ฏผ์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง๋ก ์๋ฏผ๋ค์๊ฒ ํฐ ์ง์ง๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
The new mayor received strong support from citizens for his folksy image.
์์ฌ์
seosajeok
descriptive; narrative (adj.)
๊ทธ ์์ค์ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์์ฌ์ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ์ฐจ๋ถํ๊ฒ ํ์ด๋ธ๋ค.
That novel calmly unfolds the events in a narrative manner.
์ด ์ํ๋ ์์ ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋ค๋ ์์ฌ์ ์ธ ์์๊ฐ ๊ฐํ๋ค.
This movie has stronger narrative elements rather than lyrical ones.
์์์
seoyangjeok
Western (adj.)
๊ทธ ๊ฑด์ถ๋ฌผ์ ์์์ ์์์ผ๋ก ์ง์ด์ก๋ค.
That building was constructed in a Western style.
์ด ์์์ ์ฌ๋ฃ๋ ํ์์ด์ง๋ง ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ์ ์์์ ์ด๋ค.
This dish uses Korean ingredients, but its cooking method is Western.
์์ ์
seojeongjeok
being lyrical (noun)
๊ทธ ์๋ ์์ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ด ํน์ง์ด๋ผ ๋ง์ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
That poem's characteristic lyrical quality earned it much love.
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์์ ์ ๋ฉ๋ก๋์ ๋
ธ๋๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฒจ ๋ถ๋ฅธ๋ค.
She enjoys singing songs with lyrical melodies.
์ ๊ตฌ์
seongujeok
pioneering (noun)
๊ทธ ๊ณผํ์๋ ์ ์ฌ์ ์๋์ง ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์ ๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ญํ ์ ํ๋ค.
That scientist played a pioneering role in renewable energy research.
๊ทธ๋
์ ์ ๊ตฌ์ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ ๋๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ฑ ์ธ๊ถ์ด ํฌ๊ฒ ์ ์ฅ๋์๋ค.
Thanks to her pioneering efforts, women's rights advanced greatly.
์ ๋์
seondojeok
leading (adj.)
๊ทธ ๋ํ์ ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ ๋ถ์ผ์์ ์ ๋์ ์์น๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์งํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
That university holds a leading position in the field of artificial intelligence.
์ ๋ถ๋ ํ๊ฒฝ ์ ์ฑ
์์ ์ ๋์ ์ธ ์ญํ ์ ํ๊ฒ ๋ค๊ณ ๋ฐํ๋ค.
The government announced it would play a leading role in environmental policy.
์ ๋์
seondongjeok
instigative; inciting (adj.)
๊ทธ ์ ์น์ธ์ ์ ๋์ ์ฐ์ค์ด ํฐ ๋
ผ๋์ ์ผ์ผ์ผฐ๋ค.
That politician's inciting speech caused a big controversy.
๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ฌ๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ์๊ณกํ ์ ๋์ ์ธ ๋ด์ฉ์ผ๋ก ๋นํ๋ฐ์๋ค.
The article was criticized for its inflammatory content that distorted facts.
์ ๋ณ์
seonbyeoljeok
selective (adj.)
์ ๋ถ๋ ์ง์๊ธ์ ์ ๋ณ์ ๊ธฐ์ค์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ง๊ธํ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ๋ค.
The government decided to distribute the subsidy according to selective criteria.
์ด๋ฒ ์ฑ์ฉ์ ์ฌ๋ ๋๋ณด๋ค ์ ๋ณ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ณค๋ค.
This hiring went through a more selective process than usual.
์ ์ธ์
seoneonjeok
declaring; proclaiming (adj.)
๊ทธ ์กฐํญ์ ์ค์ง์ ์ธ ํจ๋ ฅ๋ณด๋ค๋ ์ ์ธ์ ์๋ฏธ๊ฐ ๊ฐํ๋ค.
That clause has more of a declaratory meaning than practical effect.
๊ทธ์ ๋ฐ์ธ์ ์ ์ฑ
์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋ค ์ ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ ๊ฐ๊น์ ๋ค.
His remarks were closer to being declaratory than an actual policy.
์ ์ ์
seonjeongjeok
suggestive; sensationalized (adj.)
๊ทธ ๊ด๊ณ ๋ ์ง๋์น๊ฒ ์ ์ ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ ๋นํ์ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
That advertisement was criticized for being excessively suggestive.
์ผ๋ถ ์ธ๋ก ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ธ ๋ณด๋๊ฐ ์ฌํ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ก ์ง์ ๋์๋ค.
The sensationalized reporting by some media was pointed out as a social problem.
์ ์ ์
seonjejeok
preemption; taking the first strike
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๋์ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ๋ง์ ๋๋ค.
Our team preemptively blocked the opponent's attack.
์ ๋ถ๋ ์๊ธฐ์ ๋์ํด ์ ์ ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์น๋ฅผ ๋ฐํํ๋ค.
The government announced preemptive measures in response to the crisis.
์ ์ง์
seonjinjeok
advanced; progressive
์ด ํ์ฌ๋ ์ ์ง์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ ๋ก ์ ๋ช
ํ๋ค.
This company is famous for its advanced technology.
๊ทธ ๋๋ผ์ ๋ณต์ง ์ ๋๋ ์ ์ง์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋๋ค.
That country's welfare system is regarded as advanced.
์ ์ฒ์
seoncheonjeok
innate; congenital
๊ทธ๋ ์ ์ฒ์ ์ธ ์ฌ๋ฅ์ ํ๊ณ ๋ฌ๋ค.
He was born with innate talent.
์์ฌ๋ ์์ด์ ์ฌ์ฅ๋ณ์ด ์ ์ฒ์ ์์ ํ์ธํ๋ค.
The doctor confirmed that the child's heart disease was congenital.
์ ํ์
seontaekjjeok
selective; optional
์ด ์์
์ ์ ํ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด๋ผ์ ๋ฃ์ง ์์๋ ๋๋ค.
This class is an optional subject, so you don't have to take it.
ํ์ ์ฐธ์ ์ฌ๋ถ๋ ์ ํ์ ์ด๋ค.
Whether to attend the meeting is optional.
์ ํ์
seonpungjeok
sensational; craze-inducing
๊ทธ ๋
ธ๋๋ ์ ํ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋์๋ค.
That song gained sensational popularity.
์๋ก์ด ์ค๋งํธํฐ์ ์ถ์๋์๋ง์ ์ ํ์ ์ด์๋ค.
The new smartphone was a sensation as soon as it was released.
์ ํ๋ค
seonhada
vivid (as if seen before one's eyes)
๋์๊ฐ์ ํ ๋จธ๋์ ์ผ๊ตด์ด ์์ง๋ ๋์ ์ ํ๋ค.
My late grandmother's face is still vivid in my mind.
๊ทธ๋ ๋ง์์ด ์ ํ ์ฌ๋์ผ๋ก ์๋ฌธ์ด ๋ ์๋ค.
He is known as a good-natured person.
์ฑ๊ณต์
seonggongjeok
being successful
์ด๋ฒ ํ์ฌ๋ ์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์๋ค๋ ํ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
This event was evaluated as having been successful.
๊ทธ๋ ์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ฌ์
๊ฐ๋ก ์๋ ค์ ธ ์๋ค.
He is known as a successful businessman.
์ธ๊ณ์ฌ์
segyesajeok
being of world-historical significance
์ด ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ์ ์ธ๊ณ์ฌ์ ์ธ ์๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง๋๋ค.
This discovery holds world-historical significance.
๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ์ธ๊ณ์ฌ์ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ผ๋ก ๊ธฐ๋ก๋์๋ค.
It was recorded as a world-historical event.
์ธ๋ถ์
sebujeok
detailed
๊ณํ์ ์ธ์ธ ๋๋ ์ธ๋ถ์ ์ธ ๋ถ๋ถ๊น์ง ์ ๊ฒฝ ์จ์ผ ํ๋ค.
When making a plan, you must pay attention even to the detailed parts.
์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์๋ ๋งค์ฐ ์ธ๋ถ์ ์ด๋ค.
This report is very detailed.
์ธ์์
sesokjjeok
secular; worldly
๊ทธ๋ ์ธ์์ ์ธ ์ฑ๊ณต๋ณด๋ค ๋ง์์ ํํ๋ฅผ ์ค์ํ๋ค.
He values peace of mind over worldly success.
์๋์๋ ์ธ์์ ์ธ ์ถ์ ๋ ๋ ์๋์์ผ๋ก ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋ค.
The monk left worldly life and entered the monastery.
์ธ์ต์
seseupjjeok
hereditary
๊ทธ ๊ฐ๋ฌธ์ ์ธ์ต์ ์ธ ์ง์๋ฅผ ์ค๋ซ๋์ ์ ์งํด ์๋ค.
That family has long maintained a hereditary status.
์ด ์ ๋๋ ์ธ์ต์ ์ธ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฐํ๋ค๋ ๋นํ์ ๋ฐ๋๋ค.
This system is criticized for having a strongly hereditary character.
์
์งธ
setjjae
third (ordinal)
๊ทธ๋ ์ผ ๋จ๋งค ์ค ์
์งธ ์๋ค์ด๋ค.
He is the third son among three siblings.
์ค์ ์์ ์
์งธ๊น์ง ์ํ์ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
People lined up and received prizes up to the third person.
์์ด๋ค ์๋ฅผ ์ธ์ด ๋ณด๋ ์
์งธ์๋ค.
When I counted the children, there turned out to be three.
์๋ชจ์
somojeok
wasteful; draining
๊ทธ ๋
ผ์์ ์๋ชจ์ ์ธ ์ธ์์ผ๋ก ๋ฒ์ก๋ค.
That debate spread into a draining fight.
๊ฐ์ ์๋ชจ์ ์ธ ๊ด๊ณ๋ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์ข์ง ์๋ค.
An emotionally draining relationship is not good for one's health.
์๋ฐํ๋ค
sobakada
to be simple; unadorned; modest
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์๋ฐํ ์ท์ฐจ๋ฆผ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฐํผ์์ ์ฐธ์ํ๋ค.
She attended the wedding in simple attire.
์์ด์ผ๊ธฐ์์ ๋จํธ์ด ์๋ด๋ฅผ ์๋ฐํ๋ ์ฅ๋ฉด์ด ๋์จ๋ค.
In the old tale, there is a scene where the husband mistreats his wife.
์์ํ๋ค
sosohada
to be trivial; minor
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์์ํ ์ผ์์ ํจ๊ป ๋๋๋ฉฐ ํ๋ณต์ ๋๊ผ๋ค.
We felt happy sharing trivial everyday moments together.
์ด๋ฒ ๋ฌ ์์
์ ์์ํด์ ์ ์ถํ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ค์ ๋ค.
This month's income was so small that it was hard to save.
์์๋ฏผ์
sosiminjeok
being petit-bourgeois (moderate, non-committal)
๊ทธ์ ํ๋๋ ์ง๋์น๊ฒ ์์๋ฏผ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ ๋นํ์ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
His attitude was criticized as being excessively petit-bourgeois.
์์ค์ ํ ์์๋ฏผ์ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ ์ถ์ ๊ทธ๋ ธ๋ค.
The novel portrayed the life of a petit-bourgeois character.
์์
sosin
your humble servant (archaic, to a king)
์ ํ๋ ์๊ธ ์์์ ์์ ์ ์๊ฐ์ ์ด๋ ์ต๋๋ค๋ผ๊ณ ์๋ขฐ์๋ค.
The subject reported before the king, saying, 'This humble servant's thoughts are as follows.'
๊ทธ๋ ์์ ์ ์์ ์ ๊ตฝํ์ง ์์๋ค.
He did not bend his firm convictions.
์๋ฌผ์
songmuljeok
snobbish; materialistic
๊ทธ๋ ๋๋ง ์ข๋ ์๋ฌผ์ ์ธ ์ฌ๋์ด๋ค.
He is a materialistic person who only chases money.
๊ทธ๋ฐ ํ๋๋ ๋๋ฌด ์๋ฌผ์ ์ด๋ค.
That kind of attitude is too materialistic.
์์ฑ
soksseong
attribute; property (inherent)
๋ฌผ์ ์์ฑ ์ค ํ๋๋ ๋์ ๊ณณ์์ ๋ฎ์ ๊ณณ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ฅด๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
One of water's properties is flowing from high to low places.
๊ทธ๋ ์์ฑ์ผ๋ก ์ด์ ์ ๋ฐฐ์ ๋ค.
He learned to drive quickly (in a crash course).
์๋
sudong
manual (operated by hand)
์ด ์ฐจ๋ ์๋ ๋ณ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ค.
This car uses a manual transmission.
๊ทธ๋ ํ์์์ ํญ์ ์๋์ ์ธ ํ๋๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๋ค.
He always showed a passive attitude in meetings.
์๋์
suryangjeok
quantitative
์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์๋์ ๋ถ์์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ท๋ค.
This study focused on quantitative analysis.
ํ์ง๋ณด๋ค ์๋์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์ ๋ ์ค์ํ๋ค.
They emphasized the quantitative aspect more than quality.
์์ํ๋ค
susanghada
to receive an award
๊ทธ ์ํ๋ ์ด๋ฒ ์ํ์ ์์ ๋์์ ์์ํ๋ค.
That movie received the grand prize at this film festival.
๊ทธ์ ํ๋์ด ์ค๋๋ฐ๋ผ ์์ํ๋ค.
His behavior is suspicious today, more than usual.
์์ธ์
susejeok
defensive
ํ์ ํ๋ฐ์ ๋ด๋ด ์์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํผ์ณค๋ค.
The team played defensively throughout the second half.
๊ทธ์ ํ๋๋ ์ง๋์น๊ฒ ์์ธ์ ์ด์๋ค.
His attitude was excessively defensive.
์์ฉ์
suyongjeok
receptive
๊ทธ๋ ์๋ก์ด ์๊ฒฌ์ ์์ฉ์ ์ธ ์์ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๋ค.
He showed a receptive attitude toward new opinions.
๊ต์ก ๋ฐฉ์์ด ์ ์ ๋ ์์ฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
The educational approach is becoming increasingly receptive.
์์
sujeok
numerical
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์๋ํ๋ณด๋ค ์ด์ธ์๋ค.
Our team was numerically inferior to the opposing team.
์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์์ ์ธ ์ ๊ทผ์ด ํ์ํ๋ค.
This problem requires a numerical approach.
์์ง์
sujikjjeok
being vertical; hierarchical
์ด ํ์ฌ์ ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ ์์ง์ ์ด๋ค.
This company's organizational structure is vertical.
๊ทธ๋ ์์ง์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ณด๋ค ์ํ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ ํธํ๋ค.
He prefers horizontal relationships over vertical ones.
์ํ์
supyeongjeok
being horizontal; egalitarian
์๋ก์ด ํ์ฌ๋ ์ํ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธํ๋ฅผ ์งํฅํ๋ค.
The new company aims for an egalitarian culture.
๊ทธ๋ค์ ์ํ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ๋ ค๊ณ ๋
ธ๋ ฅํ๋ค.
They tried to maintain a horizontal relationship.
์ํ์
suhakjjeok
mathematical
๊ทธ๋ ์ํ์ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ๋ค.
He had excellent mathematical thinking ability.
์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์ํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ๊ทผํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
This problem must be approached mathematically.
์๋ช
์
sungmyeongjeok
fateful; destined (unavoidable)
๋ ์ฌ๋์ ์๋ช
์ ๋ง๋จ์ ๊ฐ์ก๋ค.
The two had a fateful encounter.
๊ทธ์ ์ถ์ ์๋ช
์ ์ผ๋ก ๋๊ปด์ก๋ค.
His life felt destined.
์
sun
pure; unmixed
์ด ๋ฐ์ง๋ ์๊ธ์ผ๋ก ๋ง๋ค์ด์ก๋ค.
This ring is made of pure gold.
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ ๊ฑฐ์ง๋ง์ด์๋ค.
That was an utter lie.
๋ด์ด ๋๋ ๋๋ญ๊ฐ์ง์์ ์์์ด ๋์๋ค.
As spring came, new sprouts emerged from the tree branches.
์๋ฆฌ์
sullijeok
being reasonable; following natural order
๊ทธ์ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์๋ฆฌ์ ์ด์๋ค.
His decision was very reasonable, following the natural order of things.
ํ์ฌ๋ ์๋ฆฌ์ ์ ์ฐจ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํด๊ฒฐํ๋ค.
The company resolved the issue following reasonable procedures.
์์ํ๋ค
sunsunhada
to be gentle and docile
๊ทธ ๊ฐ์์ง๋ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์์ํด์ ๋ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์ฝ๋ค.
That puppy is gentle and docile, so it's easy to handle.
์ ์๋์ ์์ํ ๋งํฌ๋ก ํ์์ ํ์ผ๋ ๋ค.
The teacher gently persuaded the student in a kind tone.
์์ํ
sunsunhi
gently; docilely
๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ ์ง์์ ์์ํ ๋ฐ๋๋ค.
He obediently followed the police's instructions.
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์์ด์๊ฒ ์์ํ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๋ค.
She spoke to the child warmly and kindly.
์์ข
์
sunjongjeok
being obedient
๊ทธ๋ ์ง๋์น๊ฒ ์์ข
์ ์ด๋ผ๋ ํ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
He was evaluated as being excessively obedient.
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์์ข
์ ํ๋๋ก ๋ช
๋ น์ ๋ฐ๋๋ค.
She followed the order with an obedient attitude.
์ค๋ฌด์งธ
seumujjae
the twentieth (in order)
๊ทธ๋
๋ ๋ํ์์ ์ค๋ฌด์งธ๋ก ์
์ฅํ๋ค.
She entered the competition twentieth.
์ค๋์ ์ด ํ์ฌ์ ์ค๋ฌด์งธ ๋ ์ด๋ค.
Today is the twentieth day of this event.
์ต๊ด์
seupkkwanjeok
habitual
๊ทธ๋ ์ต๊ด์ ์ง๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ์์ฌ์๊ฒ ์ง์ ์ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
He was reprimanded by his boss for habitual lateness.
์ํฑ์ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ฏ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ต๊ด์ ์ด ๋์ด ๋ฒ๋ ธ๋ค.
Biting his nails became habitual.
์๊ฐ์
sigakjjeok
visual
์ด ๊ด๊ณ ๋ ์๊ฐ์ ํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ด๋๋ค.
This advertisement has excellent visual effects.
๊ทธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์๊ฐ์ ์ด๋ค.
That painting is very visual.
์๊ฐ์
siganjeok
being temporal; time-related
๊ทธ ๊ณํ์ ์๊ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์์๋ค.
That plan had an unreasonable time-related aspect.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์๊ฐ์ ์ฌ์ ๊ฐ ์์ด์ ๊ธํ ๋ ๋ฌ๋ค.
We left in a hurry because we had no time to spare.
์๊ธฐ์
sigijeok
being related to timing
๊ทธ ๋ฐํ๋ ์๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ ํ๋ค.
That announcement was timely.
์ด๋ฒ ํฌ์๋ ์๊ธฐ์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ข์๋ค.
This investment had good timing-related conditions.
์๋์
sidaejeok
characteristic of the era
์ด ์ํ๋ ์๋์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ๋ณด์ฌ ์ค๋ค.
This movie shows the era's characteristic background well.
๊ทธ ์ ํ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์๋์ ์ธ ํ์์ด์๋ค.
That trend was a very era-characteristic phenomenon.
์๋ฒ์
sibeomjeok
being demonstrative; exemplary
์ด ์ ์ฑ
์ ์์ง ์๋ฒ์ ์ธ ๋จ๊ณ์ ์๋ค.
This policy is still in a demonstrative/trial stage.
ํ๊ต๋ ์๋ฒ์ ์์
์ ์งํํ๋ค.
The school conducted a demonstration class.
์์
sijeok
being poetic
๊ทธ์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์์ ์ด๋ค.
His writing is very poetic.
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์์ ํํ์ ์ฆ๊ฒจ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ค.
She likes to use poetic expressions.
์ํ์
siheomjeok
experimental; trial
์ด ์ ํ์ ์ํ์ ํ๋งค ๋จ๊ณ์ ์๋ค.
This product is in an experimental sales stage.
๊ทธ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์์ง ์ํ์ ์ธ ์์ค์ด๋ค.
That policy is still at an experimental level.
์ ๊ฒฝ์ง์
singyeongjiljeok
irritable; nervy
๊ทธ๋ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ง์ ๋ฐ์์ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ํ๋ฅผ ๋๋ค.
He showed an irritable reaction and got angry.
์์ฆ ๊ทธ์ ํ๋๊ฐ ๋งค์ฐ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ง์ ์ด๋ค.
His attitude has been very irritable lately.
์ ๊ธฐํ๋ค
singihada
marvelous; amazing
์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ๋ ์ ๋ง ์ ๊ธฐํ๊ฒ ์๋ํ๋ค.
This machine works in a truly amazing way.
์์ด๋ ๋์ ์ฒ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ ๊ธฐํดํ๋ค.
The child found snow curious, seeing it for the first time.
์ ์ฌ์
sinsajeok
gentlemanly
๊ทธ๋ ํญ์ ์ ์ฌ์ ํ๋๋ก ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋ํ๋ค.
He always treats people with a gentlemanly attitude.
๊ทธ์ ํ๋์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ ์ฌ์ ์ด์๋ค.
His behavior was very gentlemanly.
์ ์ธ๋์
sinsedaejeok
characteristic of the new generation
๊ทธ ๊ด๊ณ ๋ ์ ์ธ๋์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ด๋ ธ๋ค.
That advertisement made good use of a new-generation sensibility.
๊ทธ๋
์ ํจ์
์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ ์ธ๋์ ์ด๋ค.
Her fashion is very new-generation.
์ ์
sinjeok
divine; godlike
๊ทธ์ ์ฐ๊ธฐ๋ ์ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ง์ ์ด๋ฅด๋ ๋ค.
His acting reached a divine level.
๊ทธ ์กฐ๊ฐ์์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ ์ ์ธ ๋๋์ ์ค๋ค.
That statue gives a very divine feeling.
์ค๋ฆฌ์
sillijeok
being practical; utilitarian
๊ทธ์ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด์๋ค.
His decision was very practical.
ํ์ฌ๋ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ๊ด์ ์์ ๊ทธ ๊ณ์ฝ์ ๊ฒํ ํ๋ค.
The company reviewed the contract from a practical perspective.
์ค๋ฌด์
silmujeok
practical; hands-on (work-related)
๊ทธ๋ ์ค๋ฌด์ ๊ฒฝํ์ด ํ๋ถํ๋ค.
He has abundant practical, hands-on experience.
์ด ๊ต์ก์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ค๋ฌด์ ์ด๋ค.
This training is very practical.
์ค์ฉ์
siryongjeok
practical; useful
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์ค์ฉ์ ์ด์ ๋ก ์์ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ ํํ๋ค.
She chose a small car for practical reasons.
์ด ๋์์ธ์ ์์๋ฉด์๋ ์ค์ฉ์ ์ด๋ค.
This design is pretty yet practical.
์ค์ ์
siljejeok
being actual; being just as it is
๊ทธ ๊ณํ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ค์ ์ ์ด๋ค.
That plan is very realistic.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ค์ ์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ถํฐ ํด๊ฒฐํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
We need to solve the actual problems first.
์ค์กด์
siljonjeok
being existential
๊ทธ์ ๊ธ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ค์กด์ ์ด๋ค.
His writing is very existential.
๊ทธ๋ ์ค์กด์ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ ๋น ์ก๋ค.
He fell into an existential struggle.
์ค์ฆ์
siljeungjeok
empirical; evidence-based
๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ค์ฆ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ก ๋ท๋ฐ์นจ๋์๋ค.
That theory was backed by empirical research.
์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๊ทผ๋ฒ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ค์ฆ์ ์ด๋ค.
This paper's approach is very empirical.
์ค์ง์
siljiljeok
substantive; real (matching actual content)
์ ๋ถ๋ ์ค์ง์ ์ง์์ฑ
์ ๋ฐํํ๋ค.
The government announced substantive support measures.
๊ทธ ๋ณํ๋ ๋งค์ฐ ์ค์ง์ ์ด๋ค.
That change is very substantive.
์ค์ฒ์
silcheonjeok
practical (action-oriented)
๊ทธ๋ ์ค์ฒ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํด๊ฒฐํ๋ค.
He solved the problem in a practical, action-oriented way.
์ด ์์
์ ์ด๋ก ๋ณด๋ค ์ค์ฒ์ ์ด๋ค.
This class is more action-oriented than theoretical.
์คํ์
silheomjeok
experimental (scientific)
์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ์คํ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ป์ด์ก๋ค.
This result was obtained through an experimental method.
๊ทธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋งค์ฐ ์คํ์ ์ด๋ค.
That research is very experimental.
์ฌ๋ฆฌ์
simnijeok
psychological
๊ทธ๋ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์๋ฐ์ ํฌ๊ฒ ๋๊ผ๋ค.
He felt great psychological pressure.
๊ทธ ์ฆ์์ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
That symptom is psychological.
์ฌ์
simjeok
being mental/emotional
๊ทธ ์์์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ฌ์ ์ธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด์๋ค.
That news was a great mental shock.
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์ฌ์ ๋ถ๋ด์ ํฌ๊ฒ ๋๊ผ๋ค.
She felt a great mental burden.
์ฅ
ssuk
mugwort (a wild herb)
ํ ๋จธ๋๋ ๋ด๋ง๋ค ๋ค์์ ์ฅ์ ์บ์ ๋ก์ ๋ง๋์
จ๋ค.
Every spring, grandmother picked mugwort in the fields to make rice cakes.
๊ทธ๋ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋์ ์์ ์ฅ ๋ฃ์๋ค.
He stuck his hand deep into his pocket.
์ํ์งธ
ahopjjae
ninth (in order)
์ด ์ค์์ ์ํ์งธ ์๋ฆฌ์ ์์ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
Please sit in the ninth seat in this row.
์ฐธ์์๋ฅผ ์ธ์ด ๋ณด๋ ์ํ์งธ์๋ค.
Counting the attendees, it came to nine in total.
๋ฐํ ์์๋ ์ํ์งธ๋ถํฐ ์์ํ๋ค.
The presentation order starts from the ninth.
์
๋ง์
angmajeok
devilish, demonic
๊ทธ์ ์์์๋ ์
๋ง์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์ธ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋๊ปด์ก๋ค.
There was something devilish in his laughter.
๊ทธ ์บ๋ฆญํฐ๋ ์
๋ง์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ ์์งํ๋ค.
That character symbolizes something demonic.
์
์์
aguijeok
malicious, ill-intentioned
๊ธฐ์ฌ์๋ ์
์์ ์ธ ์๋ฌธ์ด ๊ทธ๋๋ก ์ค๋ ธ๋ค.
The article printed malicious rumors as they were.
๊ทธ์ ๋๊ธ์ ์
์์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ด ๋ถ๋ช
ํ๋ค.
His comment was clearly malicious.
์์ ์
anjeongjeok
stable, steady
๊ทธ๋ ์์ ์ ์ธ ์ง์ฅ์ ๊ฐ๊ณ ์ถ์ด ํ๋ค.
He wants to have a stable job.
์ด ํ์ฌ์ ์ฌ์ ์ ์์ ์ ์ธ ํธ์ด๋ค.
This company's finances are relatively stable.
์๋ฌต์
ammukjjeok
implicit, tacit (not openly expressed)
๋ ํ์ฌ ์ฌ์ด์๋ ์๋ฌต์ ์ธ ํฉ์๊ฐ ์์๋ค.
There was a tacit agreement between the two companies.
๊ทธ์ ์นจ๋ฌต์ ์๋ฌต์ ์ธ ๋์๋ก ๋ฐ์๋ค์ฌ์ก๋ค.
His silence was taken as tacit consent.
์๋์
apttojeok
overwhelming (attributive)
๊ทธ ํ์ ์๋์ ์ธ ์ค๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์ด๋ก ์ฐ์นํ๋ค.
The team won by an overwhelming gap in skill.
์ ์์ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์๋์ ์ด์๋ค.
The player's record was overwhelming.
์ผ๋ง์
yamanjeok
barbaric, uncivilized (attributive)
๊ทธ ํ๋์ ๋๋ฌด ์ผ๋ง์ ์ด์๋ค.
That behavior was too barbaric.
์ ์์ ์ผ๋ง์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ด์๋ค.
War was a barbaric thing.
์ผ์ฑ์
yaseongjeok
wild, untamed (attributive)
๊ทธ๋ ์ผ์ฑ์ ์ธ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ง๋
๋ค.
He has a wild charm.
๊ทธ๋
์ ๋๋น์ ์ผ์ฑ์ ์ด์๋ค.
Her gaze was wild.
์์ฑ
yangseong
a positive, active quality (as opposed to yin)
์ด ์ฑ๋ถ์ ์์ฑ์ ๊ธฐ์ด์ ๊ฐ์ง๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ค.
This ingredient is said to have a positive, active energy.
์ด ํ์ฅ์ค์ ์์ฑ์ด ํจ๊ป ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ค.
This restroom is used by both sexes.
ํ์ฌ๋ ์ ์
์ฌ์ ์์ฑ์ ํ์ฐ๊ณ ์๋ค.
The company is putting effort into training new employees.
์์ฌ์
yangsimjeok
conscientious (attributive)
๊ทธ๋ ์์ฌ์ ์ธ ์ฌ์
๊ฐ๋ก ์๋ ค์ ธ ์๋ค.
He is known as a conscientious businessman.
๊ทธ์ ํ๋์ ์์ฌ์ ์ด์๋ค.
His actions were conscientious.
์์
yangjeok
quantitative (attributive)
์์ ์ฑ์ฅ๋ณด๋ค ์ง์ ์ฑ์ฅ์ด ์ค์ํ๋ค.
Qualitative growth is more important than quantitative growth.
์ด ์กฐ์ฌ๋ ์์ ์ธ ๋ถ์์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ท๋ค.
This survey focused on quantitative analysis.
์ต์์
eogapjjeok
oppressive (attributive)
๊ทธ ์ ๋ถ๋ ์ต์์ ์ธ ์ ์ฑ
์ ํผ์ณค๋ค.
That government carried out oppressive policies.
๊ทธ์ ํ๋๋ ์ต์์ ์ด์๋ค.
His attitude was oppressive.
์ธ์ด์
eoneojeok
linguistic (attributive)
๋ ๋๋ผ๋ ์ธ์ด์ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ํฌ๋ค.
The two countries have great linguistic differences.
์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์ธ์ด์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
This problem is a linguistic one.
์ญ๋์
yeokttongjeok
dynamic, energetic (attributive)
์ด ๋์๋ ์ญ๋์ ์ธ ์๋์ง๋ก ๊ฐ๋ํ๋ค.
This city is full of dynamic energy.
๊ทธ์ ๋ชธ์ง์ ์ญ๋์ ์ด์๋ค.
His movements were dynamic.
์ญ์ฌ์
yeokssajeok
historical (attributive)
์ด๊ณณ์ ์ญ์ฌ์ ์๋ฏธ๊ฐ ์๋ ์ฅ์์ด๋ค.
This is a place with historical significance.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ญ์ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ด์๋ค.
That event was very historical.
์ญ์ค์
yeoksseoljeok
paradoxical (attributive)
๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ์ญ์ค์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณ์๋ค.
That produced a paradoxical result.
๊ทธ์ ์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ญ์ค์ ์ด์๋ค.
His success was paradoxical.
์ฐ์์
yeonsokjjeok
continuous, successive (attributive)
๊ทธ๋ ์ฐ์์ ์ธ ์คํจ์๋ ํฌ๊ธฐํ์ง ์์๋ค.
He did not give up despite continuous failures.
์ด ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
This process is continuous.
์ฐ์์
yeonswaejeok
chain-like, serial (attributive)
๊ทธ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ ์ฐ์์ ์ธ ์ถฉ๋๋ก ์ด์ด์ก๋ค.
That accident led to a chain collision.
์ฌ๋ฌ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ฐ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ผ์ด๋ฌ๋ค.
Several incidents occurred in a chain.
์ฐ์ญ์
yeonyeokjjeok
deductive (a way of reasoning that draws specific conclusions from general facts or principles)
์ด ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ์ฐ์ญ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋
ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฐํด์.
This paper develops its argument using a deductive method.
๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ๋ด๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ฐฉ์์ด ์ฐ์ญ์ ์ด์์.
The way the conclusion is reached is deductive.
์ด๊ด์
yeolgwangjeok
frenzied, wildly excited (jumping around out of joy or excitement)
ํฌ๋ค์ ์ด๊ด์ ํํธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋์ด์.
The fans sent a frenzied cheer.
์ฝ์ํธ์ฅ์ ๋ถ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ด๊ด์ ์ด์์ด์.
The atmosphere at the concert venue was frenzied.
์ด์ฑ์
yeolseongjeok
devoted, enthusiastic (pouring great sincerity into something)
๊ทธ๋ ์ด์ฑ์ ์ง์ง์๋ก ์ ๋ช
ํด์.
He's known as a devoted supporter.
๋ด์ฌ ํ๋์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ๋ ํ๋๊ฐ ์ด์ฑ์ ์ด์์ด์.
Her attitude toward volunteering was devoted.
์ด์ ์
yeoljeongjeok
passionate (having a burning affection for something and working hard at it)
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์ด์ ์ ๋ฌด์ฉ์๋ก ์ ๋ช
ํด์.
She's known as a passionate dancer.
๊ทธ์ ์ฐ์ค์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ด์ ์ ์ด์์ด์.
His speech was very passionate.
์ด์งธ
yeoljjae
tenth (in order)
๊ทธ๋ ์ค์์ ์ด์งธ๋ก ์ ์์์ด์.
He was standing tenth in line.
์ค๋๋ก ์ด์งธ ๋๋ ๋ ์ด์์.
Today is the tenth day, counting from the start.
์ผ์ธ์
yeomsejeok
pessimistic, misanthropic (viewing the world negatively and disliking it)
๊ทธ๋ ์ผ์ธ์ ์ธ๊ณ๊ด์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์์ด์.
He holds a pessimistic worldview.
๊ทธ์ ํ๋๋ ์ ์ ์ผ์ธ์ ์ด ๋์์ด์.
His attitude gradually became pessimistic.
์ฝ๊ธฐ์
yeopkkijeok
grotesque, bizarre (finding abnormal, strange things interesting)
๊ทธ ์ํ๋ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ ์์ฌ๋ก ํ์ ๊ฐ ๋์ด์.
That movie became a topic of conversation for its grotesque subject matter.
๊ทธ์ ํ๋์ด ๋๋ฌด ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ ์ด์์ด์.
His behavior was too bizarre.
์๊ตฌ์
yeonggujeok
permanent (continuing endlessly without change, no matter how much time passes)
์ด ์น๋ฃ๋ ์๊ตฌ์ ํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์์ด์.
This treatment has a permanent effect.
๊ทธ ์์์ ์๊ตฌ์ ์ด ๋ ์๋ ์์ด์.
That damage could become permanent.
์์์
yeongsokjjeok
being eternal / eternity (as a state, continuing forever)
ํํ๋ ์์์ ์ด์ด์ผ ํด์.
Peace should be eternal.
๊ทธ๋ค์ ์์์ ์ฐ์ ์ ์ฝ์ํ์ด์.
They promised an eternal friendship.
์์
yeongjeok
spiritual (related to the mind/soul rather than the physical)
๋ช
์์ ์์ ์ฑ์ฅ์ ๋์์ด ๋ผ์.
Meditation helps with spiritual growth.
๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์์ ์ด์์ด์.
That experience was very spiritual.
์๋๊ณฑ
yenilgop
six or seven, about six or seven
๊ต์ค์ ์๋๊ณฑ ๋ช
์ ํ์์ด ์์์ด์.
There were about six or seven students in the classroom.
์์ ์
yesuljeok
artistic (having the qualities of art)
๊ทธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ ์์ ์ ๊ฐ์น๊ฐ ๋์์.
That building has high artistic value.
๊ทธ๋
์ ์๊ธ์จ๋ ์ ๋ง ์์ ์ ์ด์์.
Her handwriting is really artistic.
์์ธ์
yeoejeok
exceptional (deviating from a general rule or example)
์ด๋ฒ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ์์ธ์ ์กฐ์น์์ด์.
This decision was an exceptional measure.
๊ทธ์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ ์์ธ์ ์ด์์ด์.
His case was exceptional.
์ค๋ง
oman
a great many, various kinds of (an old, general way of saying a large quantity)
์ค๋ง ๊ฐ์ง ์๊ฐ์ด ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์์ ์ค์ณค์ด์.
All sorts of thoughts crossed my mind.
๊ทธ์ ์ค๋งํ ํ๋๊ฐ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋ถ์พํ๊ฒ ํ์ด์.
His arrogant attitude offended people.
์ณ๋ค
olta
to be right, correct (in line with a norm or standard)
๊ทธ์ ํ๋จ์ด ์ณ์์ด์.
His judgment was correct.
"์ณ๋ค, ๋ฐ๋ก ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ์ผ!"๋ผ๊ณ ์ธ์ณค์ด์.
I shouted, "That's it, exactly!"
์์์ง๊ปํ๋ค
wakjjajikkeolhada
to be noisy with many people talking loudly together
์๋น ์์ด ์์์ง๊ปํ์ด์.
The inside of the restaurant was noisy with everyone talking loudly.
์ถ์ ํ์ฅ์ด ์์์ง๊ปํ์ด์.
The festival grounds were very boisterous.
์๋งํ๋ค
wanmanhada
to be slow-paced (a process or trend proceeding slowly)
๊ฒฝ์ ์ฑ์ฅ ์๋๊ฐ ์๋งํด์ก์ด์.
The pace of economic growth has slowed down.
์ด ์ฐ๊ธธ์ ๊ฒฝ์ฌ๊ฐ ์๋งํด์.
This mountain trail has a gentle slope.
์ธ๊ต์
oegyojeok
diplomatic (related to diplomacy)
์๊ตญ์ ์ธ๊ต์ ํด๊ฒฐ์ฑ
์ ๋ชจ์ํ์ด์.
The two countries sought a diplomatic solution.
๊ทธ์ ๋ฐ์ธ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ธ๊ต์ ์ด์์ด์.
His remarks were very diplomatic.
์ธ๋ฉด์
oemyeonjeok
external, superficial (relating only to what shows on the outside)
๊ทธ ๋ณํ๋ ์ธ๋ฉด์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ถ๊ณผํด์.
That change is nothing more than a superficial improvement.
๊ทธ์ ํ๋๋ ์ธ๋ฉด์ ์ด์์ด์.
His attitude was superficial.
์ธ๋ถ์
oebujeok
external (appearing outside or related to the outside)
์ธ๋ถ์ ์์ธ์ด ์คํจ์ ์์ธ์ด์์ด์.
External factors were the cause of the failure.
๊ทธ ์๋ฐ์ ์์ ํ ์ธ๋ถ์ ์ด์์ด์.
That pressure was entirely external.
์ธํฅ์
oehyangjeok
extroverted (showing outwardly, expressive)
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์ธํฅ์ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด์์.
She has an extroverted personality.
๊ทธ์ ํ๋๋ ๋งค์ฐ ์ธํฅ์ ์ด์์ด์.
His attitude was very extroverted.
์ธํ์
oehyeongjeok
related to the outer shape or appearance
์ธํ์ ๋์์ธ์ด ๋ง์ด ๋ฐ๋์์ด์.
The outer design has changed a lot.
๋ ์ ํ์ ์ธํ์ ์ด์์ง๋ง ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ด ๋ง์์ด์.
The two products were outwardly similar, but had many differences.
์ฉ๊ธฐ
yonggi
courage, bravery
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ด์ด ๋ฐํํ์ด์.
She mustered courage and gave the presentation.
์์์ ์ฉ๊ธฐ์ ๋ด์ ํฌ์ฅํ์ด์.
I packed the food into a container.
์ฐ๋ฐ์
ubaljeok
accidental, unforeseen (happening unexpectedly and by chance)
๊ทธ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ ์ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ด์์ด์.
That accident was an unforeseen incident.
๊ทธ ๋ง๋จ์ ์์ ํ ์ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ด์์ด์.
That meeting was completely accidental.
์ฐํธ์
uhojeok
friendly, amicable (between people or nations)
๋ ๋๋ผ๋ ์ฐํธ์ ์ธ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ๊ณ ์์ด์.
The two countries maintain a friendly relationship.
์ฐํ์
uhoejeok
roundabout, indirect (not going straight there)
๊ทธ๋ ์ฐํ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฌ์ ๋์ฐฉํ์ด์.
He arrived at the company by a roundabout route.
์ด๋ช
์
unmyeongjeok
fated, destined (already determined by fate)
๊ทธ๋ค์ ๋ง๋จ์ ์ด๋ช
์ ์ด์์ด์.
Their meeting was fated.
์๋ก ์
wollonjeok
fundamental, in principle (relating to the basic principles of something)
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ ๋ง๋ ๋ง์ด์์.
That's true, in principle.
์์์
wonsaekjjeok
vivid, in bold primary colors
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์์์ ์ธ ์ท์ ์ฆ๊ฒจ ์
์ด์.
She likes to wear clothes in vivid colors.
์์์
wonsijeok
primitive (still in its original, undeveloped state)
๊ทธ ๋ถ์กฑ์ ์์ง๋ ์์์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๋ฅ์ ํด์.
That tribe still hunts in a primitive way.
์์ฒ์
woncheonjeok
fundamental, at the root (relating to the very origin of something)
๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์์ฒ์ ์ผ๋ก ํด๊ฒฐํด์ผ ํด์.
That problem needs to be resolved at its root.
์์น์
wonchikjjeok
in principle, on principle (following basic rules or standards)
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ฌ๋ ์์น์ ์ผ๋ก ์ผ๊ทผ์ ๊ธ์งํ๊ณ ์์ด์.
As a rule, our company prohibits working overtime.
์๋ฒ์
wibeopjjeok
illegal, unlawful (breaking the law)
๊ทธ ํ์ฌ๋ ์๋ฒ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ด์ต์ ์ฑ๊ฒผ์ด์.
That company profited through illegal means.
์์์
wisaengjeok
hygienic, sanitary (having conditions that promote health)
์ด ์๋น์ ์์ฃผ ์์์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋๊ณ ์์ด์.
This restaurant is managed very hygienically.
์์ ์
wiseonjeok
hypocritical (pretending to be good on the outside)
๊ทธ์ ์์ ์ ์ธ ํ๋์ ์ค๋งํ์ด์.
I was disappointed by his hypocritical attitude.
์์์
wiapjjeok
overbearing, intimidating (mentally overpowering someone through a fearsome attitude or force)
๊ทธ์ ์์์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์๋ฆฌ์ ๋ชจ๋ ์กฐ์ฉํด์ก์ด์.
Everyone fell silent at his intimidating voice.
์ํ์
wihyeopjjeok
threatening, menacing (making someone feel fear through scary words or actions)
๊ทธ ๊ฐ๋ ์ํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ง์ด ๋์ด์.
The dog barked in a threatening way.
์ ๊ต์
yugyojeok
Confucian (following the ways of, or related to, Confucianism)
ํ ๋จธ๋๋ ์ ๊ต์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์น๊ด์ ์ค์ํ๊ฒ ์๊ฐํ์ธ์.
My grandmother values Confucian principles.
์ ๊ธฐ์
yugijeok
organic, interconnected (parts closely related, forming a whole that can't be separated)
ํ์ ๋ชจ๋ ๋ถ์๊ฐ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ ฅํด์ผ ํด์.
Every department on the team has to cooperate organically.
์ ๋์
yudongjeok
fluid, changeable (continuously flowing, moving, or changing)
์ผ์ ์ ์์ง ์ ๋์ ์ด์์.
The schedule is still fluid.
์ ๋ฆฌํ๋ค
yurihada
to be advantageous, beneficial
์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ฌ์ ๋ ์ ๋ฆฌํด์.
These terms are more advantageous for our company.
์ค๋๋ ๋ฒฝ์ง๊ฐ ๋ฒฝ์์ ์ ๋ฆฌ๋์์ด์.
The old wallpaper became detached from the wall.
์ ์ฌ
yusa
the dawn of recorded history (when human civilization developed and history began)
์ ์ฌ ์ด์ ์ ์๋๋ฅผ ์ ์ฌ ์๋๋ผ๊ณ ๋ถ๋ฌ์.
The era before recorded history began is called prehistory.
๋ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๋ฉด์์ ์ ์ฌ๊ฐ ์์ด์.
The two incidents have similarities in many respects.
์ ์
yusu
leading, outstanding (remarkably prominent or excellent in some field)
์ด ํ์ฌ๋ ์ธ๊ณ ์ ์์ ๊ธฐ์
์ค ํ๋์์.
This company is one of the world's leading companies.
์ ์์ ๊ฐ์ด ์ธ์์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ํ๋ ์ด์.
Time flowed by quickly, like flowing water.
์ ์ฐํ๋ค
yuyeonhada
to be calm and composed, unhurried
๊ทธ๋ ์ด๋ค ์ํฉ์์๋ ์ ์ฐํ๊ฒ ๋์ฒํด์.
He handles any situation calmly and composedly.
์๊ฐ๋ฅผ ํ๋ฉด ๋ชธ์ด ์ ์ฐํด์ ธ์.
Doing yoga makes your body flexible.
์ ์ฐํ
yuyeonhi
softly, flexibly
๊ทธ๋
๋ ๋ชธ์ ์ ์ฐํ ์์ง์์ด์.
She moved her body flexibly.
๊ทธ๋ ์๊ธฐ ์ํฉ์์๋ ์ ์ฐํ ํ๋ํ์ด์.
He acted calmly even in a crisis.
์ ํ
yuhyeong
a type, category (a group of things bundled together by similar properties or features)
์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์์ฃผ ๋์ค๋ ์ ํ์ด์์.
This problem is a frequently appearing type.
ํนํ๊ถ์ ์ ํ ์์ฐ์ด ์๋๋ผ ๋ฌดํ ์์ฐ์ด์์.
A patent right is an intangible asset, not a tangible one.
์ ํ์
yuhyeongjeok
typological (belonging to, or forming, a certain category or type)
์ด ์์ค์ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋ค์ ์ ํ์ ์ธ ํน์ง์ ๋ณด์ฌ์.
The characters in this novel show typological traits.
์ ํน์
yuhokjjeok
seductive, tempting (having a quality that captures one's heart or mind)
๋์ ํธ ๊ฐ๊ฒ์์ ์ ํน์ ์ธ ๋์๊ฐ ๋ฌ์ด์.
A tempting smell came from the dessert shop.
์ ํฌ์
yuhuijeok
playful, recreational (playing around and having fun)
์ด ์์
์ ์ ํฌ์ ์ธ ํ๋์ผ๋ก ์งํ๋ผ์.
This class is conducted with playful activities.
์ค๋ฆฌ์
yullijeok
ethical (related to, or following, the proper standards of behavior a person should uphold)
์ด ์คํ์ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์์ด์.
This experiment is ethically problematic.
์จ๋์
yuldongjeok
rhythmic (a person's or object's movement repeating regularly and harmoniously at set intervals)
๋ฌด์ฉ์๋ค์ด ์จ๋์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ชธ์ ์์ง์์ด์.
The dancers moved their bodies rhythmically.
์์ฑ์
eumseongjeok
covert, hidden away (not shown openly, but secretly concealed)
๊ทธ ๊ฑฐ๋๋ ์์ฑ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก์ด์.
That transaction was carried out covertly.
์
ui
righteousness, duty (the right path a person should uphold and follow)
๊ทธ๋ ์๋ฅผ ์ค์ํ๊ฒ ์ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ ์ด์์์ด์.
He has lived valuing righteousness above all.
์๋์
uidojeok
intentional, deliberate (doing something on purpose to achieve a certain plan or idea)
๊ทธ๋ ์๋์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ทธ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ํผํ์ด์.
He deliberately avoided that question.
์๋ก์
uiryejeok
ceremonial, perfunctory (matching the fixed format and procedure for holding an event)
๊ทธ์ ์ธ์ฌ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฅ ์๋ก์ ์ธ ๋ง์ด์์ด์.
His greeting was just a perfunctory remark.
์๋ฌด์
uimujeok
obligatory, mandatory (something that must be done)
์์ ๋ฒจํธ ์ฐฉ์ฉ์ ์๋ฌด์ ์ด์์.
Wearing a seatbelt is mandatory.
์์์
uisikjjeok
conscious, deliberate (doing something on purpose, aware of what one is doing)
๊ทธ๋
๋ ์์์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํผํ๊ณ ์์์ด์.
She was consciously avoiding him.
์์์
uiyokjjeok
eager, motivated (overflowing with an active desire or will to do something)
์ ์
์ฌ์์ ์์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ผ์ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ณ ์์ด์.
The new employee is eagerly learning the job.
์์กด์
uijonjeok
dependent; reliant
๊ฒฐํผ ์ ์๋ ๋ด๊ฐ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ๋ฌด๋ฅ๋ ฅํ๊ณ ์์กด์ ์กด์ฌ๊ฐ ๋ ์ค ๋ชฐ๋๋ค.
Before getting married, I never knew I would become such an incompetent, dependent person.
์์ง
uiji
will; willpower
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ ์๋ค์ ์ด๋ฒ ์๋์ปต์์๋ ๊ผญ ์น๋ฆฌํ๊ฒ ๋ค๋ ๊ฐํ ์์ง๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ๋ค.
Our players expressed a strong will to win at this World Cup as well.
๋๋ ์นจ๋์ ๋ชธ์ ๋น์ค๋ฌํ ์์ง๋ฅผ ํ๊ณ ์์์ ํํ ์ธ์๋ค.
I sat leaning my body against the bed and cried my eyes out.
์ด๊ตญ์
igukjjeok
exotic
์ง์๋ ์๊บผํ์ด ์ง์ ์ด๊ตญ์ ์ธ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ง๋
๋ค.
Jisu has an exotic look with pronounced double eyelids.
์ด๊ธฐ์
igijeok
selfish; self-centered
๊ทธ ํ์ฌ๋ ๊ณต์ฅ ํ์๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์๋ค ํ๋ ค ๋ณด๋ด๋ ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ๋์ ์ผ์ผ์๋ค.
That company repeatedly engaged in the selfish act of dumping factory wastewater into the river.
์ด๊ธฐ์ฃผ์์
igijuuijeok
egoistic; selfish
๋ถ์ฅ๋์ ์ด๊ธฐ์ฃผ์์ ํ๋๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ๋ถํ๋ฅผ ํ์ด๋ฅด์
จ๋ค.
The department head reprimanded a subordinate who showed an egoistic attitude.
์ด๋
์
inyeomjeok
ideological
๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์ ์ฌํ๋ ์์ ์ ํ๋ฑ์ ์ด๋
์ ํ ๋ ์์ ์ธ์์ก๋ค.
Democratic society was built on the ideological foundation of freedom and equality.
์ด๋จ์
idanjeok
heretical; unorthodox
๋ชฉ์ฌ๋ ๋ง์์ ๋นํ์ ์ธ ๊ทธ์ ์ด๋จ์ ์ฑํฅ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ต์ธ๋ค์ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋ด์ค๋ฌ์ํ๋ค.
Because of his heretical tendency to criticize the pastor's words, the congregation found him uncomfortable to be around.
์ด๋ก์
iryejeok
unprecedented; unusual
๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๋ ์ด๋ก์ ์์ ์๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
The actor drew attention with an unprecedented acceptance speech.
์ด์์
isangjeok
ideal
์ด์์ ์ธ ์ ์น๋ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ ์ํ, ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ ์ํ ์ ์น์ด๋ค.
Ideal politics is politics by the people, for the people.
์ด์์
isaekjjeok
unique; novel
๋ฏผ์ค์ด์ ์ง์์ ๊ฒฐํผ์์ ์ด์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ํ๊ด์์ ์งํ๋์๋ค.
Minjun and Jisu's wedding was held, uniquely, at a movie theater.
์ด์ฑ์
iseongjeok
rational
์ด์ฑ์ ์ธ ์ง์๋ ๊ฐ์ ๋ณด๋ค๋ ์ด์ฑ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ํ๋ํ๋ ํธ์ด๋ค.
The rational Jisu tends to act according to reason rather than emotion.
์ด์ค์
ijungjeok
dual; having two sides
์ด ์ํ์ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ์ด์ค์ ์ธ ๋ฉด๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ณด์ฌ ์ค๋ค.
The protagonist of this movie clearly shows the dual nature of human beings.
์ด์ง์
ijijeok
intellectual
๋๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ ํ๋ค๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ง์์ ๋ค์ก๊ณ ์ด์ง์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๋จํ๋ค.
I steadied my emotionally wavering mind and made an intellectual judgment.
์ด์ง์
ijiljeok
heterogeneous
์ฒ์ ์ธ๊ตญ ์ฌํ์ ํ์ ๋ ๋๋ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์ ์ด์ง์ ๋ฌธํ๊ฐ ๋ชน์ ๋ฏ์ค์๋ค.
The first time I traveled abroad, that place's heterogeneous culture felt very unfamiliar to me.
์ด์ฐจ์
ichajeok
secondary; second in order
๋๋ ๋ฐํ ์ฌ์ด์ฌ์ด์ ์ดํด๋ฅผ ๋๋ ์ด์ฐจ์ ์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฌ ์ฃผ์๋ค.
Between parts of my presentation, I showed secondary material to help with understanding.
์ธ๊ฐ์
inganjeok
human; humane
๋ถ๋ชจ๋์ ์ ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์๋๋ค.
Abandoning one's parents is not a humane duty.
์ธ๊ฒฉ์
ingyeokjjeok
based on one's character/dignity
์ ๋ ์ธ๊ฒฉ์ ๋์ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ฉด์ ํ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ค๋๊ณ ์ถ์ต๋๋ค.
I want to work at a company where I'm treated with dignity.
์ธ๊ณต์
ingongjeok
artificial
์ด ํธ์๋ ์ธ๊ณต์ ์ผ๋ก ์กฐ์ฑ๋์๋ค.
This lake was created artificially.
์ธ๋์
indojeok
humane; humanitarian
์ด์ฐ๊ฐ์กฑ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์ด๋
์ ๋ ๋ ์ธ๋์ ๊ด์ ์์ ์ ๊ทผ๊ณผ ์ดํด๋ก ํ์ด์ผ ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
The issue of separated families should be approached and understood from a humanitarian perspective, apart from ideology.
์ธ๋์ฃผ์์
indojuuijeok
humanitarian
์ ๋ถ๋ ์ธ๋์ฃผ์์ ์ฐจ์์์ ์๋๋์ ๊ฒช๊ณ ์๋ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ ์์ ์ง์ํ๊ธฐ๋ก ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๋ค.
The government decided, on humanitarian grounds, to provide rice to a country suffering from a food shortage.
์ธ์
insang
a raise; an increase (in price/wage)
๋ํ์๋ค์ ๋งค ํ๊ธฐ ๋ํ์ด๋๋ ๋ฑ๋ก๊ธ ์ธ์์ ํญ์ํ์ฌ ์์ํ์๋ค.
College students protested against the tuition hikes that repeated every semester.
๋ด๊ฐ ๋ด์์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ธ์์ ํ๊ธฐ์ฐฌ ๋์๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ์ด์๋ค.
The impression I got from visiting New York was that it's a lively city.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ์ฐฉํด ๋ณด์ด๋ ์ธ์์ ๊ฐ์ก๋ค.
Minjun has a kind-looking face.
์ธ์์
insangjeok
impressive; memorable
๊ทธ์ ๋ฌด๋๋ ํ์ ์ํ์ง ์์ ์ธ์์ ๋ฌด๋์๋ค.
His performance was an impressive one that would never be forgotten.
์ธ์ต์
inseupjjeok
conventional
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์๋ ๋จ์ ์์ด๋ฅผ ์ ํธํ๋ ์ธ์ต์ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ง๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ง์๋ค.
In the past, many people held the conventional thinking of preferring boys.
์ธ์์
inwijeok
artificial
์ธ์์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ง๋ ์ฌ ์์ ๋๊ท๋ชจ ํด์์ง๊ฐ ๊ฑด์ค๋์๋ค.
A large-scale resort was built on an artificially created island.
์ธ์
injeong
human feelings; human nature
๊ฐ์ง๋ฉด ๊ฐ์ง์๋ก ๋ ์์ฌ๋ด๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ฌ๋์ ์ธ์ ์ด๋ค.
The more one has, the more one wants -- that is human nature.
๊ทธ๋ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ ๋ฐํ๋ก ํ๊ณ์์ ์ธ์ ์ ๋ฐ๊ณ ๊ณง ๊ต์๋ก ์์ฉ๋์๋ค.
He gained recognition in academia through his paper presentation and was soon appointed as a professor.
์ธ์ข
์
injongjeok
racial
์์ด๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์์ด๋ค๊ณผ ํผ๋ถ์์ด ๋ค๋ฅด๋ค๋ ์ด์ ๋ก ์ธ์ข
์ ์ฐจ๋ณ์ ๋นํ๋ค.
The child suffered racial discrimination because his skin color was different from other children's.
์ผ๊ด์
ilgwaljeok
blanket; comprehensive
์ ๋ถ๋ ์ด๋ฒ ์ฌ๊ณ ์ ๋ํ ์ผ๊ด์ ๋ณด์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋ง๋ จํ๋ค.
The government prepared a blanket compensation plan for this accident.
์ผ๋ฅ ์
illyuljeok
uniform; even
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ฌ๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์ง์์๊ฒ ์ ์ญ๋ง ์์ฉ ์ผ๋ฅ ์ ์๋น ์ง๊ธ์ ํ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ๋ค.
Our company decided to pay every employee a uniform meal allowance of one hundred thousand won a month.
์ผ๋ฉด์
ilmyeonjeok
one-sided; one-dimensional
์ผ๋น์ ์ ๋ถ์ ์ ์ฑ
์ ๊ธ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก๋ง ๋ณด๋ ์ฌ๋น์ ์ผ๋ฉด์ ํ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋นํํ๋ค.
The opposition party criticized the ruling party's one-sided evaluation that viewed the government's policy only positively.
์ผ๋ฐฉ์
ilbangjeok
one-sided; unilateral
์ง์๋ ์ ๋ฐฐ๋ค์ ์ผ๋ฐฉ์ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ์ผ ํ๋ค.
Jisu had to follow her seniors' one-sided decision.
์ผ์ฐจ์
ilchajeok
first; primary
๋ถ์ค ๊ณต์ฌ์ ๋ํ ์ฑ
์์ ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ณต์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง์ํ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์๋ค.
The primary responsibility for the shoddy construction lies with the person who ordered the work.
์ผํธ
ilpyeon
a small piece; a fragment
๋์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง๋ ๋๋ถ์๊ฒ๋ ์ผํธ์ ๋
๋ ๊ทํ๊ณ ์์คํ๋ค.
To a farmer who tills the soil, even a small piece of land is precious and dear.
ํ์ ๋ญ๋ ์ง ์๊ธฐ๋ณด๋ค ์ํ๋ ๋์์ด ๊ธฐํนํ๋ฉด์๋ ์ผํธ์ผ๋ก๋ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค.
The older brother thought his little brother, who was better than him at everything, was admirable, but on one side he also felt some resentment.
์์์
imuijeok
optional; arbitrary; discretionary
ํ๊ต ๊ท์ ์ ์์์ ์ฌํญ์ด ์ถ๊ฐ๋์๋ค.
An optional provision was added to the school regulations.
์
์
ipssin
reaching divine mastery
์ค์น๋์ ํ๋ฌธ์ ์
์ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ง์ ์ด๋ฅด๋ฌ ๊ทธ ๊น์ด๋ฅผ ํค์๋ฆด ์ ์์๋ค.
My master's scholarship reached a level of divine mastery whose depth could not be fathomed.
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ์
์ ์ ์ํด ์ผ๋ง ํ ๋๋จธ์ง ๊ฐ์กฑ๋ค๋ ์์ฃผ ๋ชป ๋ง๋ฌ๋ค.
Yumin worked so hard to establish himself that he rarely got to see his family.
์๊ทน์
jageukjjeok
provocative; stimulating
ํ๋ณด๋ ์๊ทน์ ๋ฐ์ธ์ผ๋ก ์๋ ํ๋ณด๋ฅผ ํฅ๋ถ์์ผฐ๋ค.
The candidate provoked the opposing candidate with a provocative remark.
์๊ธฐ์ค์ฌ์
jagijungsimjeok
self-centered
์๋ก ์จ ๋ถ์ฅ์ ๋ชจ๋ ์ผ์ ์๊ธฐ์ค์ฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ณํํ๋ค.
The newly arrived department head plans everything in a self-centered way.
์๋์
jadongjeok
automatic
์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ๋ ์๋์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฆ๋๋ค.
This machine automatically cleans the windows.
์๋ฆฝ์
jaripjjeok
independent; self-reliant
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ฌ๋ ํฌ์์์ ๊ฐ์ญ์ด ์๋ ์๋ฆฝ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ๊ตฌํ๋ค.
Our company pursues an independent management structure free from investor interference.
์๋ฐ์
jabaljeok
voluntary; spontaneous
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋จ์ฒด๊ฐ ์งํํ๋ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณต์ฐ์ ์์ ์ธ์ด๋ ์์
๊ฐ๋ค์ ์๋ฐ์ ์ฐธ์ฌ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๊ณ ์๋ค.
The street performances our organization runs are made possible by the voluntary participation of artists and musicians.
์์์
jasaengjeok
spontaneous; naturally occurring
์์์ ๋ชจ๋ ์ธ๊ฐ์ด ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ ๋ ์๊ธฐ๋ ์์์ ์๊ตฌ์ด๋ค.
Appetite is a natural desire that all humans feel when hungry.
์์ฐ์
jayeonjeok
natural
์ด ๊ฐ์ ์บ๋๋ค์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฌ์ด์์ ์์ฐ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋ค.
This river forms a natural border between Canada and the United States.
์์จ์
jayuljeok
autonomous; self-governing
์์จ์ ์์ง์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ์ ์๋ ์ฑ
์๋ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋ง๋ จ์ด๋ค.
A decision made according to one's own autonomous will naturally comes with responsibility.
์์์
jauijeok
arbitrary
๋ฒ์ ์์์ ์ผ๋ก ํด์ํ๊ณ ์ ์ฉํด์๋ ์ ๋๋ค.
One must not interpret and apply the law arbitrarily.
์์ ์
jajeonjeok
autobiographical
์ด ์ํ์ ์๊ฐ์ ์ธ์์ ๋ด์ ์ฑ
์ผ๋ก ์์ ์ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ ๋ ๊ณ ์๋ค.
This essay collection contains the author's life story and has an autobiographical character.
์์ฃผ์
jajujeok
independent, self-reliant
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ ๋ถ๋ ์ธ๊ตญ์ ๋์ ์์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํด๊ฒฐํ๊ฒ ๋ค๋ ์์ฃผ์ ์์ธ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ๋ค.
Our government took an independent stance, resolving to solve the problem without foreign help.
์์ฒด์
jachejeok
self-based, on one's own
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์์ฒด์ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ผ๋ก ์์ฅ์์ ์ด์๋จ๋ ๋ฐ ์ฑ๊ณตํ๋ค.
We succeeded in surviving in the market through our own efforts.
์ ์ฌ์
jamjaejeok
potential, latent
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ๊ต๋ ์ ์ฌ์ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด ์๋ ์ ์๋ฅผ ํค์ฐ๊ณ ์๋ค.
Our school is developing athletes who have potential for growth.
์ ์ ์
jamjeongjeok
provisional, temporary
์ง์๋ ์ ์ ์ ์ ํ์ ํ๊ณ ์คํ์ ํ๋ฒ ์๋ํด ๋ณด์๋ค.
Jisu made a provisional choice and tried the experiment once.
์ฅ๊ธฐ์
janggijeok
long-term
๋งค๋
๋ฐ์ํ๋ ํฉ์ฌ์ ๋ํ ์ฅ๊ธฐ์ ๋์ฑ
์ด ๋ง๋ จ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ค.
Long-term measures must be prepared against the yellow dust that occurs every year.
์ฅ๋ํ๋ค
jangdaehada
burly, well-built
์ฅ๋ํ ๋ชธ์ง์ ๊ฒฝํธ์๋ค์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์์ ๊ฐ๋ก๋ง๊ณ ์์ด ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์์ผ๋ก ๋ค์ด๊ฐ ์ ์์๋ค.
Burly bodyguards were blocking the front of the building, so people could not go inside.
๋์ฌ์ ๋ฒ์ด๋์ ๋์๋ ์ฒ์ด ํผ์ณ์ง๋ฉฐ ์ฅ๋ํ ์์ฐ์ด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊ฒผ๋ค.
As soon as we left the city center, an endless forest unfolded and magnificent nature welcomed us.
์ ๋์
jeodoljeok
aggressive, reckless
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ ์ ๋์ ๊ณต์ธ์ ์๋ํ์ ์ ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์ ์ ์ ๋ง๋ ค๋ค์๋ค.
Due to our team's aggressive offense, the opposing team was gradually drawn into our tactics.
์ ๊ทน์
jeokkkeukjjeok
active, positive, proactive
ํ๊ต ํญ๋ ฅ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํด๊ฒฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ๋ถ๋ชจ๋ค์ ์ ๊ทน์ ํ์กฐ๊ฐ ์ค์ํ๋ค.
To solve the problem of school violence, parents' active cooperation is important.
์ ๋์
jeokttaejeok
hostile
๋ ๋๋ผ๊ฐ ์๋ก ์ ๋์ ์ธ ํ๋๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉด์ ํ์์ด ๊ฒฐ๋ ฌ๋์๋ค.
As the two countries showed hostile attitudes toward each other, the negotiations broke down.
์ ๊ฒฉ์
jeongyeokjjeok
sudden, swift
๊น ์์์ด ๊ฐ์์ค๋ ์ ๊ฒฉ์ ์ฌ์์ ๋ฐํํ์๋ค.
Representative Kim suddenly announced his abrupt resignation.
์ ๊ทผ๋์
jeongeundaejeok
outdated, pre-modern
๋์ด๊ฐ ์ด๋ฆฌ๋ค๊ณ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ํ๋ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ ๊ทผ๋์ ์๊ฐ์ด๋ค.
Unconditionally talking down to someone just because they are young is an outdated way of thinking.
์ ๋ฉด์
jeonmyeonjeok
complete, all-out
์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ํ ์ ๋ฉด์ ์์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ตฌํ์๋ค.
Citizens urged a full-scale investigation into the matter.
์ ์ค์
jeonseoljeok
legendary
์ด ์ฑ
์๋ ๊ทธ์ ๋์ด๊ฐ ์ด๋ฐฑ ์ด ์ด์์ด์๋ค๊ณ ๋ ํ๋ ์ ์ค์ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์๊ฐ๋์ด ์๋ค.
This book introduces a legendary story that even claims he was over two hundred years old.
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