Korean vocabulary โ Society & Concepts 2
300 words from the "Society & Concepts 2" theme, with romanization, meaning, and example sentences where available.
๊ณต์
gongjeong
officially set (by the state)
์ ๋ถ๋ ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์์นํ์ ๊ณต์ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ ๋ฎ์ถฐ์ ์ ์ํ์๋ค.
As oil prices rose, the government presented a lowered officially-set price.
๊ณต์ฅ์ฅ์ ์ ์กฐ ๊ณต์ ์ ์๋ํํ์ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋น๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ๋ค๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค.
The factory manager said he would automate the manufacturing process to cut costs.
์ด๋ฒ ์ ๊ฑฐ์์๋ ๋น๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ถ๋ฒ์ด ์์ด ๊ณต์ ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก๋ค.
This election was conducted fairly, without corruption or illegality.
๊ณผํ๋ค
gwahada
excessive
์์ฌ์ด ๋๋ฌด ๊ณผํ๋ฉด ์ผ์ ๊ทธ๋ฅด์น ์ ์๋ค.
If greed is too excessive, it can ruin things.
๋ฒ์ ์ํ๋ฉด ์ ๋ถ๋ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์๊ฒ ์ธ๊ธ์ ๊ณผํ ์ ์๋ค.
According to the law, the government can impose taxes on the people.
์ฌํ๋ถ๋ ๋ฒ์ธ์๊ฒ ์ง์ญ ํ์ ๊ณผํ๋ค.
The court imposed a prison sentence on the criminal.
๊ด๊ณ
gwangye
relationship
์น๊ท๋ ์น๊ตฌ๋ค๊ณผ์ ๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์๋งํ๊ณ ์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋ง์ ํธ์ด๋ค.
Seunggyu has good relationships with his friends and has quite a few friends.
๋ํต๋ น์ ๊ด๊ณ์ ํ๊ณ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ค์ ๋ถ๋ฌ๋ค์ฌ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ ์์ ์ ๋
ผ์ํ๋ค.
The president called in economic experts from government and academic circles to discuss price stability.
๊ด๋ก
gwallye
custom
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ๋ถ๋ ๊ฒฐํผ์์ด ๋๋ ํ์ ๊ด๋ก์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ํ๋ฐฑ์ ํ๋ค.
After the wedding ceremony, my spouse and I performed the pyebaek ritual according to custom.
์ฑ๋
์ ๋ ์ ๋ง์, ๋ฏผ์์ด์์๋ ์ ๊ด๋ก๋ฅผ ์ฌํํ๋ ํ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์๋ค.
For Coming-of-Age Day, the folk village held an event reenacting the old coming-of-age ceremony.
๊ด๋ณต
gwanbok
luck in officialdom
์ฌ๋ฒ ์ํ์ ํฉ๊ฒฉํด ํ์ฌ๊ฐ ๋ ์น๊ท์๊ฒ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๊ด๋ณต์ด ์๋ค๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค.
People said Seunggyu, who passed the bar exam and became a judge, had the luck of a born official.
์์์ ์ ๊ด๋ณต์ ๊ฐ์ถ๊ณ ๊ถ๊ถ์ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋ค.
The chief state councilor put on his official robes and entered the palace.
๊ด์ฉ
gwanyong
official/public use
์์ฅ์ ํด์ธ ์ถ์ฅ์ ์ํด ๊ด์ฉ ์ฐจ๋์ ํ๊ณ ๊ณตํญ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ํ๋ค.
The mayor rode in an official vehicle to the airport for the overseas trip.
์ด ์ฑ
์ ๊ด์ฉ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ง์ด ์ฐ์ฌ์ ํด์ํ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋ ค์ ๋ค.
This book used a lot of idiomatic expressions in common usage, so it was hard to interpret.
์๋ฒ์ง๋ ๊ฑฐ์ง๋งํ ๋์๊ฒ ๊ด์ฉ์ ๋ฒ ํ์ด ์ฉ์ํด ์ฃผ์
จ๋ค.
My father showed me tolerance and forgave me for lying.
๊ตฌ๋ฉด
gumyeon
acquaintance
๊ฐ๊ฒ ์ฌ์ฅ์ ์์ ์ ์๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์ด ์๋ ๊ตฌ๋ฉด์ด์๋ค.
The store owner was an old acquaintance I had once been introduced to.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋์ ๋ง๋ง์ ๊ตฌ๋ฉด์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ ธ ์๋ค.
The retina of our eye is made up of a spherical surface.
๊ตฌ์ค
gusil
duty, role
์๋ก ์ฐ ๋๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฌด๋์ ์์์ ์ง์ ์์ํ๊ฒ ํ๋ ๊ตฌ์ค์ ํกํกํ ํ๋ค.
The air conditioner I newly bought played its role well in cooling the house during the sweltering heat.
๋ฏผ์ค์ ์ด๋ฐ์ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์ค ์๋ ์์ ๋ฅผ ๋ด๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์๋ค.
Minjun kept putting off handing in his homework under one excuse or another.
๊ตฌํ
guhyeong
prosecutor's proposed sentence
๊ฒ์ฐฐ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ ๋น์ ๊ธํ์ ๋ฐ์ ํ์๋ก ๊ธฐ์๋ ๊ตญํ ์์์๊ฒ ์ง์ญ ์ด ๋
์ ๊ตฌํ์ ํ๋ค.
Prosecutors requested a two-year prison sentence for the lawmaker indicted for taking money during the election.
๋ง์๊ฒฝ์ผ๋ก ๊ด์ฐฐํ ๋ณ์ ๋ชจ์์ ๋พฐ์กฑํ ๋ชจ์์ผ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๋ ์์๊ณผ ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌํ์ ๊ฐ๊น์ ๋ค.
Contrary to expectations that it would be pointed, the shape of the star observed through the telescope was close to spherical.
๊ทธ ๊ตฌํ ๋ผ๋์ค๋ ์์ฆ ์ ํ๊ณผ ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ด ๋ช ๊ฐ์ง ์์๋ค.
Unlike modern products, that old-model radio had only a few functions.
๊ตญ๊ฐ์
gukkkajeok
being national, being state
ํ๊ตญ์ธ์ ๊ธ์ต ์๊ธฐ ๋น์ ๊ธ ๋ชจ์ผ๊ธฐ ์ด๋์ ํ๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ด๋ ค์์ ํจ๊ป ๊ทน๋ณตํ๋ค.
Koreans overcame national hardship together by holding a gold-collecting campaign during the financial crisis.
์จ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ด ํ์ ํฉ์ณ์ ๊ธ์ต ์๊ธฐ์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ ์๋ จ์ ์ด๊ฒจ๋
์๋ค.
Let's all join forces as a nation to overcome national trials like the financial crisis.
๊ตญ๊ต
gukkkyo
diplomatic relations
๋ ๋๋ผ์ ๊ตญ๊ต ์๋ฆฝ ์ดํ ์ฒ์์ผ๋ก ๋ํต๋ น์ ๊ณต์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก๋ค.
For the first time since the two countries established diplomatic relations, an official presidential visit took place.
ํฉ์ ๋ ๊ธฐ๋
๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๊ต๋ก ์ ํฌํ์๋ค.
The emperor declared Christianity the state religion.
๊ตญ์ฅ
gukjjang
director
๊ตญ์ฅ์ ์ด๋ฒ ์ด์ฐจ ์ฌ๊ณ ์ ์ฑ
์์ ์ง๊ณ ์ฌํ๋ฅผ ์ ์ถํ๋ค.
The director took responsibility for this train accident and submitted his resignation.
์ ๋ํต๋ น์ ๊ตญ์ฅ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ด๋ด ์จ ๋๋ผ๋ ์ฌํ์ ์ ๊ฒผ๋ค.
The whole nation was sunk in grief throughout the former president's state funeral.
๊ตญ์
gukjjeong
government authorization
์ด๋ฑํ๊ต์์๋ ๋๋ผ์์ ์ ํ ๊ตญ์ ๊ต๊ณผ์๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ค.
Elementary schools use state-authorized textbooks decided by the government.
์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ํ ๋ถ๋์ฐ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ค์ํ ๊ตญ์ ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ค.
Real estate policy for ordinary citizens is an important state affair.
์ ์์ด ๊ณ์๋๋ฉด ๊ตญ์ ์ด ๋ถ์ํด์ง๊ธฐ ๋ง๋ จ์ด๋ค.
If a war continues, the state of the country is bound to become unstable.
๊ตฐ
gun
gun (honorific for a young man)
๋ด๊ฐ ์น๊ท ๊ตฐ์๊ฒ ๋ง์ ํ๋ฅผ ๋ผ์ณค๊ตฌ๋จผ. ๋ฏธ์ํ๋ค.
I've caused young Seunggyu a lot of trouble. I'm sorry.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฐ์๋ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ ์๊ณผ ์ฌ์ฏ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฉด์ด ์ํด ์๋ค.
Our county has three eup and six myeon under it.
๊ตฐ์ ์
๋ํ ์๋ค์ ๋ ๋ฆํ ๊ตฐ์ธ์ด ๋์๋ค.
The son who enlisted in the military became a fine soldier.
๊ตฐ๋ฏผ
gunmin
soldiers and civilians
์ฑ์ ์ ์ด ์นจ์
ํ์ ๊ตฐ๋ฏผ์ด ํ์ ํฉํ์ฌ ์ ์ ๋ฌด์ฐ๋ ๋ค.
When the enemy invaded the fortress, soldiers and civilians joined forces to defeat them.
๊ตฐ์์๋ ๋ฌด๋ฃ ์ํ ๋ฒ์ค๋ฅผ ์ดํํ์ฌ ๊ตฐ๋ฏผ์ ํธ์๋ฅผ ๋๊ณ ์๋ค.
The county operates a free shuttle bus to help the convenience of its residents.
๊ถ
gung
palace
๊ถ ์ฃผ์๋ ์ธ์ ๋ ์ผ์ํ ๊ฒฝ๋น๋ฅผ ํ๋ ๋ณ์ฌ๋ค๋ก ๋๋ฌ์ธ์ฌ ์์๋ค.
The palace was always surrounded by soldiers standing strict guard.
์ฅ๊ตฐ์ ์ ์์ ์๋ ๋ณ์ฌ๋ค์๊ฒ ๊ถ์ ์๋ ์ฐ์ต์ ์์ผฐ๋ค.
The general had the soldiers, about to go to war, practice shooting the bow.
๊ท์ฒ
gwicheon
distinction of classes
์๋ ์๋ ์ ๋ถ์ ๊ท์ฒ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ค์ํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์๋ฐ๊ณผ ์ฒ๋ฏผ์ ์๋ก ๊ฒฐํผ์ ํ ์ ์์๋ค.
In the old days, the distinction between noble and lowly classes was taken so seriously that yangban and commoners could not marry each other.
์๋ฒ์ง์ ๊ท์ฒ์ ๋ชฉ๋ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋์๊ฒ ์์ฃผ ๊ณ ํต์ค๋ฌ์ด ์ผ์ด์๋ค.
Witnessing my father's death was an extremely painful thing for me.
๊ทธ๋ ๊ทธ๋
geunalgeunal
day-to-day, everyday
๋๋ ์๋ฌด๋ ์๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์๋ ๋๋ค์ ์ด์ฌ ์ ์ง๊ฒน๊ฒ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ทธ๋ ์ ๋ณด๋ด๊ณ ์์๋ค.
I had moved to a neighborhood where I knew no one and was spending each day tediously.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋๋ค ๋นต์ง์์๋ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ทธ๋ ๋ง๋ ์ ์ ํ๊ณ ๋ง์๋ ๋นต๋ง์ ํ๋ค.
Our neighborhood bakery only sells fresh, delicious bread made fresh every day.
๊ทผ๊ฐ
geungan
recent publication
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง์ ๋์๊ด๋ ์์ ๋ ๋ฉ๋ฆฌ ๋จ์ด์ ธ ์์ด์ ๊ทผ๊ฐ ์ก์ง๋ฅผ ํต ๋ณผ ์๊ฐ ์๋ค.
Our house is far from both the library and bookstores, so I can't see recently published magazines at all.
๊ณ ํฅ ์น๊ตฌ ํ๋๊ฐ ๊ทผ๊ฐ์ ํต ์ฐ๋ฝ์ด ์์ด ์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ด ๋ชจ๋ ๊ถ๊ธํดํ๋ค.
A hometown friend hasn't been in touch at all lately, so all our friends are curious about him.
์๋ฒ์ง๋ ์๋ง๋น์ ์๋ ์ด์ญ ๋
๋ ๋๋ฌด์ ๊ทผ๊ฐ์ ์๋ฅด๋ฉด์ ๋ง์ ์ํํ์
จ๋ค.
My father felt heartbroken as he cut the root and stem of the 20-year-old tree in the front yard.
๊ธ์ค
geumjul
gold chain
๊ทธ๋ ํ์ค์๊ณ์ ๊ธ์ค์ ์๋ณต ์์ ๋ฉ๋ค์ด์ง๊ฒ ๋์ด๋จ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ค๋
๋ค.
He wore his pocket watch's gold chain draped stylishly over his suit.
์ ์ผ๋ณ์ด ๋์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋ง์ ์ด๊ท์ ๊ธ์ค์ ์ณ์ ๋ง์์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์งํค๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค.
When an epidemic spread, people hung a straw rope at the village entrance to protect the village's health.
๊ธฐ๋ณต
gibok
praying for good luck
๊ทธ ์์ฃผ๋จธ๋๋ ๋ถ์ ์ ๋ชธ์ ์ง๋๋ฉด ๋ณต์ ์ป๋๋ค๋ ๊ธฐ๋ณต ์ ์์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์์๋ค.
That lady had the fortune-praying belief that carrying a talisman brings good luck.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ณต์ด ๊ฑฐ์ ์๋ ํํํ ๊ณณ์ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊น์๋ค.
We laid out our mat in a flat place with almost no undulation.
๊ธฐ์
giwon
origin; beginning (of an era)
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์์๊ฐ ํ์ํ ํด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ ๋
์ผ๋ก ์ผ์ ์ญ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ๋ค.
We record history using the year Jesus was born as year one.
์ ๋๋ค์ ์๋ฐฐ๋น์์ ์ ์ฑ์ ๋คํด ๊ธฐ์์ ์ฌ๋ ธ๋ค.
The worshippers offered up sincere prayers at the chapel.
ํ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ป์๋ ์คํ์ ์น๊ตฌ๋ถ๋ค๊ณผ ๋๋ค ๊ธฐ์์์ ๋ด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ๋์ ๋์
จ๋ค.
In the afternoon, Grandfather played a game of go for stakes with his friends at the neighborhood go club.
๊ธฐ์ธต
gicheung
foundation (of society)
์ ์น์ธ์ ์๋ฏผ๊ณผ ์ํตํ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์ธต ์ฌ๋ก ์ ์ ํํ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋
ธ๋ ฅํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
Politicians must communicate with ordinary people and work to accurately read grassroots public opinion.
๋์ด ๋ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์ ๋ฐ๋ปํ ๊ธฐ์ธต์ ๋ง๋๋ฉด ๋
น์์ ๋น๊ฐ ๋๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค.
As snow falls, if it meets a warm atmospheric layer, it can melt and turn into rain.
๋๊ตญ
nanguk
crisis, chaos, difficult situation (social)
์ ๋ถ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋๊ตญ์ ๊ทน๋ณตํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๋์ฑ
๋ค์ ๋ฐํํ๋ค.
The government announced measures to overcome the economic crisis.
๊ทธ๋ ์ ์ผ ์ผ๋น ์ด์ฌ๋ก์ ์ง๊ธ์ ์ ์น์ ๋๊ตญ์ ์์ตํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ํ๋ณด ๋จ์ผํ๋ฅผ ์ถ์งํ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ๋ค.
As the leader of the main opposition party, he decided to push for a unified candidate to resolve the current political crisis.
๋ด์
naejeong
deciding secretly, informal decision
์ด๋จธ๋๋ ๋ด์ฌ ์ง์๋ฅผ ๋ฉฐ๋๋ฆฟ๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ๋ด์ ์ ํด ๋๊ณ ๊ณ์
จ๋ค.
My mother had secretly already decided on Jisu as her future daughter-in-law.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ ๋ด์ ์ ๋ํ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋๋ผ๋ค์ ์ฐธ๊ฒฌ์ด ๋์ฑ ์ฌํด์ก๋ค.
Other countries' interference in our nation's internal affairs has gotten even worse.
์
์ฌํ ์ง ์ด์ญ ๋
์ด ๋๋ ๊น ๋ถ์ฅ์ ํ์ฌ ๋ด์ ์ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
Director Kim, who had been with the company for twenty years, was well versed in its internal affairs.
๋ต์ฌ
dapssa
reply speech (at a ceremony)
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ ๋ํต๋ น์ ํ์์ฌ ๋ค์์ผ๋ก ์ด์ ๋๋ผ ์ด๋ฆฌ์ ๋ต์ฌ๊ฐ ์ด์ด์ก๋ค.
Following our president's welcome speech, the neighboring country's prime minister's reply speech followed.
์ ์๋๋ค์ ์ํ์ฌํ์ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ฌ์ ๋ต์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ค๋
์๋ค.
The teachers went on a preliminary field survey before the school trip.
๋๊ตฐ
daegun
large army, great force
์ฅ๊ตฐ์ ์ค์ญ๋ง ๋๊ตฐ์ ์ด๋๊ณ ์ด์ ๋๋ผ๋ก ์ณ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋ค.
The general led a great army of five hundred thousand and invaded the neighboring country.
๋๊ตฐ๋ค ์ค์์ ๋ณดํต ๋ง์๋ค์ด ์์๋ฅผ ์ด์๋ค.
Among the royal princes, the eldest son usually succeeded to the throne.
๋๋
daedae
successive generations
์ด๊ณณ์ ์กฐ์ ๋๋๊ฐ ์ด์์จ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ ์ฝ๊ฒ ๋ ๋ ์ ์๋ค.
This is a place where ancestral generations have lived, so I can't easily leave.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์กฑ์ ๋๋ ๋์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์๋ค.
Our family has farmed for generations.
๋๋ ๋๋๋ก ํ์ฝ์ ๋ณด๊ธํ๋ ์๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋งก์ ํ๋ค.
I was in charge of supplying ammunition to the battalion.
๋์ธ
daein
adult
๋์ด๊ณต์์ ๋์ธ ์
์ฅ๋ฃ๊ฐ ํฌ๊ฒ ์ฌ๋๋ค.
The adult admission fee for the amusement park went up significantly.
์ด๋ฒ ์กฐ์ฌ๋ ๋์ธ ๋ฉด์ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ค์ก๋ค.
This survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews.
๋์
daejeok
big-time thief
์ข๋๋ ์ฃผ์ ์ ๋์ ํ์ธ๋ฅผ ํ๊ณ ๋ค๋๋ค.
Despite being a petty thief, he acts like a big-time crook.
๊ทธ๋ ์๋๊ฐ ์์ ์๊ฒ ๋์ ์ด ๋์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ค.
He thought his opponent was no match for him.
๋์
dojeong
provincial government
์ ๊ตญ์ ๋ชจ๋ ๋์์ ์์ฐ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ดํ ๋์ ๊ณํ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐํํ์๋ค.
Every province in the country announced its own provincial government budget plan.
์ง๋์ ํ์๋ ๋์ ์ ๋ณด๋ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง๊น์ง ์ฐจ๋ก ํ ์๊ฐ ์ ๋ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค.
Looking at the distance shown on the map, it seems it will take about an hour by car to the destination.
๋์ฒญ
docheong
provincial government office
์ ๋์ง์ฌ๋ ์ทจ์์์ ๊ฐ๊ณ ๋์ฒญ์์ ์
๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์์ํ๋ค.
The new governor held an inauguration ceremony and began his term working at the provincial government office.
๋น๋ฐ ์์๋ค์ด ์คํ์ด๋ฅผ ์์๋ด๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋์ฒญ์ ํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
Secret agents are wiretapping in order to identify the spy.
๋์ฑ
dongseong
same surname
ํน์ดํ ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ทธ๋ ๋์ฑ์ธ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ง๋๋ฉด ๋งค์ฐ ๋ฐ๊ฐ์ํ๋ค.
Since he has an unusual surname, he is very glad whenever he meets someone with the same surname.
๊ทธ ๋์ ํญ์ ๋ถ์ด ๋ค๋
์ ๋์ฑ ์ปคํ์ด ์๋๋๋ ์ํน์ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค.
The two are always together, so they are sometimes suspected of being a same-sex couple.
๋์์
dongyangjeok
oriental
์์ฐ์ ๋ํ ๋์์ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ ์๋ ๊ทธ๋๋ก์ ์์ฐ์ ๋ฐ์๋ค์ด๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
The oriental way of thinking about nature is to accept nature exactly as it is.
ํ๋ณต์ ๊ตด๊ณก ์๋ ๊ณก์ ์ ๋์์ ์ธ ์๋ฆ๋ค์์ ๋ํํ๋ ๊ฒ ์ค ํ๋์ด๋ค.
The curved lines of the hanbok are one of the things that represent oriental beauty.
๋์ง
dongji
comrade
๋ฏผ์ค์ ๋์ง๋ค๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ๋ป์ ๋ชจ์ ์ฌํ ์ด๋์ ์์ํ๋ค.
Minjun joined his comrades and started a social movement together.
๋์ง์๋ ๊ท์ ์ ์ซ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ถ์ ํฅ์ผ๋ก ์ฃฝ์ ์ค์ด ๋จน๋ ํ์ต์ด ์๋ค.
On dongji (winter solstice), there is a custom of making and eating red-bean porridge to drive away evil spirits.
๋ํฅ
donghyang
same hometown
ํ๊ตญ ๋
์์ ๋ํฅ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ง๋๋ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๋ฐ๊ฐ์ธ ์๊ฐ ์์๋ค.
Meeting someone from my same hometown in a foreign country made me so happy.
๊ทธ๋ ์ธ๋ถ์์ ์ ์ด์ ํผํ๊ณ ์์ด ๋ํฅ์ ํ์
ํ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋ ต๋ค.
He is avoiding contact with the outside, so it's hard to grasp the trend of his activities.
๋๋ ๋ํฅ์ผ๋ก ๋ ์๋ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์์นจ ์ผ์ฐ ์ ์์ ๊นฌ๋ค.
I wake up early in the morning because of my east-facing window.
๋ง๋ฐฉ
manbang
every nation; the whole world
๋
๋ฆฝ์ด๋๊ฐ์๋ ๊ทธ๋ ํ๊ตญ์ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ๊ณ ๋ง๋ฐฉ์ ์๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ํด์ ๋ฐฑ๋ฐฉ์ผ๋ก ๋
ธ๋ ฅํ๋ค.
As an independence activist, he made every possible effort to announce Korea's independence to every nation in the world.
์ด๋ฒ ๊ฒ์์์ ์ฐ์นํ ๊น ์จ๋ ์์ ์ด ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์ ์ง์ ํ ์น์์์ ๋ง๋ฐฉ์ ์๋ ธ๋ค.
Mr. Kim, who won this game, announced to everyone that he was the true champion in this field.
๋งํ
manhaeng
atrocity; brutality
๊ทธ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์๊ฒ ๋์ฐํ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์ ํ๋ ๋ฑ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ง ๋งํ์ ์ ์ง๋ฅด๊ณ ๋ ์ฌ๊ณผ ํ๋ง๋ ์์๋ค.
He committed all sorts of atrocities, including torturing people horribly, and never offered a single word of apology.
๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ ๋ถ์ด ๋ฌ์ง๋ง ์ฌ์์๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ฐธ์ผ๋ก ๋งํ์ด๋ค.
It was truly a blessing that a fire broke out in the building yet there were no casualties.
๋ช
๋ฌธ
myeongmun
beautiful passage; literary gem
๊ทธ์ ์๋ ๋น์ ์ต๊ณ ์ ๋ช
๋ฌธ์ผ๋ก ๊ผฝํ๋ค.
His poem was regarded as the finest literary work of its time.
๊ทธ ์ง์ญ์์ ๊น ํ๋ณด์์ ์ง์์ ์ต๊ณ ์ ๋ช
๋ฌธ ์ค ํ๋๋ก ๊ผฝํ๋ค.
In that region, candidate Kim's family is considered one of the most prestigious families.
๋ช
๋ฌธ๊ฐ
myeongmunga
noble family
๋ฏผ ์จ์ ์น๊ฐ๋ ์ผ๋๊ฐ ๋ด๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ ํฉ๊ฒฉํ ์ฌ๋๋ถ ๋ช
๋ฌธ๊ฐ์๋ค.
Mr. Min's paternal family was a noble scholar-official family whose members had passed the state exam for three generations in a row.
์๋ ํ ํ๋ฅญํ ๋ช
๋ฌธ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ด ๊ธ์ด ๋ฐ๋ฌผ๊ด์ ์ ์๋์๋ค.
A piece of writing by a fine writer from long ago is on display at the museum.
๋ฌด๋ ฅ
muryeok
military force
๋ ๋๋ผ ์ฌ์ด์ ๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์ ์ฐจ ์
ํ๋์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ ๋ถ์์ผ๋ก ๋ฒ์ก๋ค.
The relationship between the two countries gradually worsened and eventually spread into an armed conflict.
๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ฅ์ ์ง์น ๋ชธ์ ์ด๋๊ณ ์ง์ ๋์๊ฐ ๋๋ฉด ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์ ๋น ์ง๊ณค ํ๋ค.
Manager Park often fell into a state of powerlessness when dragging his exhausted body home.
๋ฌด์
mujeok
invincibility
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ ์น ๋
์ฐ์์ผ๋ก ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ์์ ์ฐ์นํ ์ ๋ ๋ฌด์ ์ด๋ค.
Our team is absolutely invincible, having won the league seven years in a row.
์ด ์ ์๋ ํ๊ณผ์ ๊ณ์ฝ์ด ๋๋ ๋ฌด์ ์ํ๊ฐ ๋์๋ค.
This athlete's contract with the team ended, so he became unaffiliated.
๋ฏธํ
mipung
good custom
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฌํ์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ฏธํ์ ์ ์ด์ด ๋๊ฐ์ผ ํ๋ค.
We must carry on the various good customs of our society well.
๊ฐ๋ฌผ์ด ์์ํ๊ณ ๋ฏธํ์ด ๋ถ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋์์ด ํํ๋กญ๋ค.
With the river calm and a gentle breeze blowing, the riverside is utterly peaceful.
๋ฏผ์
minjeong
civilian governance
๊ตฐ๋์ ์ํฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐํ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์์ ๋ฏผ์ ์ด ๋ค์ด์๊ธฐ๋ ์ฌ์ด ์ผ์ด ์๋๋ค.
In a country where the military's influence is strong, establishing civilian governance is not an easy task.
๊น ์์์ ๋ ๋ฏผ์ ์ ๊ด์ฌ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ํ ์ ์ฑ
์ ํด๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋
ธ๋ ฅํ๋ค.
Representative Kim always takes interest in the people's living conditions and strives to develop policies for ordinary citizens.
๋ฐ๊ธฐ
balgi
initiation
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋จ์ฒด์ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ํ์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ ์น ์กฐ์ง์ด ์ฐธ๊ฐํ์๋ค.
Several political organizations took part in our group's founding convention.
๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋๋ค
balgidoeda
be initiated
๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ ์ด๋ ค์์ง์ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌผ๊ฑด ์๊ปด ์ฐ๊ธฐ ์ด๋์ด ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋์๋ค.
As the economy worsened, a movement to conserve goods was initiated, led by the public.
๋ฐ๊ธฐํ๋ค
balgihada
initiate
๊ทธ ๋๋ผ๋ ์ ์ ํ์ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ ์ฌ์์ ์ ์งํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ์ด๋์ ๋ฐ๊ธฐํ๋ ๋ฑ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋๊ด์ ๊ทน๋ณตํด ์๋ค.
That country has overcome hardships by, among other methods, initiating a movement to maintain the people's spirit after the war.
๋ฐ์
balsang
beginning; dawn; origin
์ธ๋ฅ ๋ฌธ๋ช
์ ๋ฐ์์ ๋๊ฐ ๊ฐ ์ฃผ๋ณ์์ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๋ค.
The origin of human civilization mostly took place near rivers.
๊ณผ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ๋ฐ์์ ์ ํํ์ง ์์ผ๋ฉด ์๋ก์ด ๊ฒ์ ์ฐฝ์กฐํด ๋ผ ์ ์๋ค.
Without boldly changing one's way of thinking, one cannot create something new.
๋ฐ์ํ๋ค
balsanghada
begin; dawn; originate
์ญ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ฌ๋ฌ ๊ฐ๋ฉด ์ง๊ธ์ ์ฌ๋ฆผํฝ์ ๊ณ ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ค์์ ๋ฐ์ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
Tracing back through history, today's Olympics originated in ancient Greece.
๊ทธ๋ ์ค๋ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ ๋์ ๊น์ง ๋๋ ๋งํ ์์ด๋์ด ํ๋๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ค.
After much deliberation, he came up with a surprising idea.
๋ฐฉ์
bangwi
bearing; point of the compass
์ง์๋ ๋ฐฉ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์์ด์ ์ฒ์ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ธธ์ ํ์ฐธ์ ํค๋งค๊ณค ํ๋ค.
Jisu has no sense of direction, so she often wanders for a long time on a road she's traveling for the first time.
๋ํต๋ น์ ๊ตญ๊ตฐ ์ฅ๋ณ๋ค์๊ฒ ๋ฐฉ์ ํ์ธ๋ฅผ ๋์ฑ ๊ตณ๊ฑดํ ํ๋๋ก ์ง์ํ๋ค.
The president instructed the military troops to further strengthen their defense posture.
๋ฐฉํ
banghwa
fire prevention
์ด๋ฒ ํ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ชฉ์กฐ ๋ฌธํ์ ์ฐ์ ๋ํ ๋ฐฉํ ๋์ฑ
๊ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์๊ธํด์ก๋ค.
Following this fire, working out fire-prevention measures for wooden cultural heritage sites has become urgent.
๋๊ตฐ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉํ๋ก ์ง์ด ์์ ํ ๋ถํ ๋ฒ๋ ธ๋ค.
The house completely burned down due to someone's arson.
๋ฒ์ธ
beomin
criminal; offender
๋๋์ด ํ์
ํ ๋ฒ์ธ์ด ๋ถ์กํ๋ค.
The vicious criminal was finally caught.
๊ทธ ์ฒ์ฌ์ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๋ณดํต ๋ฒ์ธ๋ค์ ์๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ์ด๋๋๋ค.
That genius's way of thinking surpasses the thoughts of ordinary people.
๋ฒ
beop
law; act
๋ํ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์ ์ฌ๋ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ ๋ฒ์ ์ง์ผ์ผ ํ ์๋ฌด๊ฐ ์๋ค.
Every citizen living in Korea has a duty to obey the law.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ง๋ ๋ณด๋ ๋ฒ์ ๋ชฐ๋ผ ์ฐ์์ ๊ธธ์ ์๊ณ ํค๋งธ๋ค.
We didn't know how to read a map, so we got lost and wandered in the mountains.
๋ฒ์
beopjjeong
court; court of law
๋ฏผ์ค์ ๋ฒ์ ์์ ๋ฌด์ฃ ํ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ฐ์ ์๋ฐฉ๋์๋ค.
Minjun was released after being found not guilty in court.
ํ๋ฌผ ์ฐจ๋์ด ๋ฒ์ ์ ์ฌ๋์ ์ด๊ณผํ์ฌ ์ง์ ์ค์ด์ ๋ฒ๊ธ์ ๋๋ค.
The cargo truck was fined for loading beyond the legally permitted capacity.
๋ณ๊ฒฝ
byeongyeong
change; alteration
ํ ์ง ์ฉ๋์ ๋ณ๊ฒฝ์ด ํ์ํ๋ค.
A change in the land's use is necessary.
์์ ๋ค์ฏ ๊ฐ์ ์ฑ์ ์์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ด ๋ณ๊ฒฝ์ ์นจ๋ตํ์ง ๋ชปํ๋๋ก ํ๋ผ๊ณ ๋ช
๋ นํ๋ค.
The king ordered five fortresses to be built so that other peoples could not invade the border region.
๋ณ๋ ฅ
byeongnyeok
military strength; troop numbers
์ ๊ตฐ์ ์๊ตฐ๋ณด๋ค ๋ ๋ฐฐ๋ ๋ง์ ๋ณ๋ ฅ์ ๋ณด์ ํ๊ณ ์์๋ค.
The enemy had twice as many troops as our side.
์์ฌ๋ ์์ ์ ์ ํ์์ ๋ณ๋ ฅ์ ์์ธํ ํ์ธํ๋ค.
The doctor carefully checked the patient's medical history before the surgery.
๋ณ์ฌ
byeongsa
military affairs
๊ทธ๋ ์ ์ ์์ ๋ถํฐ ๋ณ์ฌ์ ๊ด์ฌ์ด ๋ง์๋ค.
He was interested in military affairs from a young age.
์์ ์ ์์ด ์๋๋ผ ๋ณ์ฌ๋ก ์ธ์์ ๋ ๋ฌ๋ค.
The king died not in war but from illness.
์ฑ๋ฒฝ ์์๋ ์๋ง์ ๋ณ์ฌ๋ค์ด ๋์ด์ ์์๋ค.
Countless soldiers stood lined up on the castle wall.
๋ณด์ข
bojwa
assistance
๊ทธ๋ ์ฌ์ฅ์ ๋ณด์ข ์ญํ ์ ๋งก๊ณ ์๋ค.
He is in charge of assisting the president.
์๋ก์ด ์์ด ๋ณด์ข์ ์ฌ๋๋ค.
The new king ascended to the throne.
๋ดํ๋ค
bonghada
seal; fasten
๊ทธ๋
๋ ํธ์ง๋ฅผ ๋ดํฌ์ ๋ฃ๊ณ ๋ดํ๋ค.
She put the letter in the envelope and sealed it.
์์ ๊ณต์ ์ธ์ด ์ ํ๋ฅผ ์์ฃผ๋ก ๋ดํ๋ค.
The king enfeoffed the meritorious subject as a feudal lord.
๋ถ์ญ
buyeok
complicity in treason
๊ทธ๋ ์ ์ ์ค ์ ๊ตฐ์ ๋ถ์ญํ๋ค๋ ํ์๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
He was accused of collaborating with the enemy army during the war.
์๋ ๋ฐฑ์ฑ๋ค์ ๋๋ผ์ ๋ถ์ญ์ ๋์๋์๋ค.
In the old days, the people were mobilized for the government's compulsory labor.
๋ถ๋จ
bundan
division into small units
ํ๊ธ์ ๋ค์ฏ ๊ฐ์ ๋ถ๋จ์ผ๋ก ๋๋์ด์ก๋ค.
The class was divided into five small groups.
ํ๋ฐ๋์ ๋ถ๋จ์ ์น ์ญ ๋
๋๊ฒ ์ด์ด์ง๊ณ ์๋ค.
The division of the Korean Peninsula has continued for over seventy years.
๋ถ๊ฒฝ
bulgyeong
disrespect; irreverence
๊ทธ๋ ์ด๋ฅธ ์์์ ๋ถ๊ฒฝํ ํ๋๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๋ค.
He showed an irreverent attitude in front of the elder.
์ค๋์ ๋งค์ผ ์์นจ ๋ถ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฝ๋๋ค.
The monk reads the Buddhist scriptures every morning.
๋ถ๋ฒ
bulbeop
illegality; unlawfulness
๊ทธ๋ ๋ถ๋ฒ ์ฃผ์ฐจ๋ก ๋ฒ๊ธ์ ๋๋ค.
He paid a fine for illegal parking.
๊ทธ๋ ์ ์ ์์ ๋ถํฐ ๋ถ๋ฒ์ ๊ณต๋ถํด ์๋ค.
He has studied Buddhism since he was young.
๋น๋ค
bilda
pray; wish
์ธ์ ์ด๋์๋ ๊ฑด๊ฐํ๊ฒ ์ง๋ด์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค.
I wish you good health wherever and whenever you may be.
๊ทธ ๋๋ผ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋ค์ ๋๋ฌด ๊ฐ๋ํด ๋จน์ ๊ฒ์ด ์์ด ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฅ์ ๋น๋ฌ ๋ค๋
๋ค.
The people of that country were so poor and had nothing to eat that they went around begging for food.
์ฌ๊ต
sagyo
false religion; cult
์ง์๋ ์ค๋ซ๋์ ์ฌ๊ต์ ๋น ์ ธ ์ ์ ๋ ํฉํํด์ง๊ณ ๊ฐ์กฑ๋ ์์๋ค.
Jisu was caught up in a cult for a long time, and it ruined her mental health and cost her her family.
์ง์๋ ์ฌ๊ต์ ๋ฅํด์ ๊ฐ๊ณ๊ฐ์ธต์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ฌ๋์ ์๊ณ ์๋ค.
Jisu is good at socializing, so she knows many people from all walks of life.
์ฌ๋จ
sadan
corporation; association
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์์๋ด์ฌ ๋ชจ์์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ฌ๋จ์ผ๋ก ์ ํ๋์๋ค.
Our volunteer group went through several procedures and was converted into an association.
์ด๊ณณ์ ์ ์ ๋น์ ๊ตญ๊ตฐ ์ค ์ฌ๋จ์ด ๋ถํ๊ตฐ์ ๋ ๊ฐ ์ฌ๋จ์ ๊ฒฉํดํ ๊ณณ์ด๋ค.
This is the place where the 5th Division of the national army repelled two divisions of the North Korean army during the war.
์ฌ๋ฉด
samyeon
all sides
๊ทธ ๋๋ผ๋ ์ฌ๋ฉด์ด ๋ฐ๋ค๋ก ๋๋ฌ์ธ์ธ ์ฌ๋๋ผ์ด๋ค.
That country is an island nation surrounded by the sea on all sides.
์์ฃผ ์ด์ ์ฌ๋ฉด ์กฐ์น๋ก ๊น ์จ๋ ๋ค์ ์ด์ ์ ํ ์ ์๊ฒ ๋์๋ค.
Thanks to the amnesty for drunk driving, Mr. Kim was able to drive again.
์ฌ์
sajeol
delegate; envoy
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ๋ ์ด์ ๋๋ผ์ ์น์ ์ฌ์ ์ ๋ณด๋๋ค.
Our country sent a goodwill delegate to the neighboring country.
๊ทธ ๊ฐ๊ฒ๋ ๋ฏธ์ฑ๋
์ ์ถ์
์ ์ฌ์ ํ๋ค๋ ์๋ด๋ฌธ์ ๋ถ์ฌ ๋์๋ค.
The store put up a notice declining entry to minors.
์ฌ์ง
sajik
political realm; the state
๊ทธ ์์ ํ์ ์ฌ์ง์ ์งํค๊ธฐ ์ํด ํ์ผ๋ค.
The king strove throughout his life to protect the political realm.
๊ทธ๋ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ด ๋๋น ์ ธ์ ํ์ฌ์ ์ฌ์ง์ ์ ์ฒญํ๋ค.
He submitted his resignation to the company because his health had worsened.
์ฌ์ฐฐ
sachal
Buddhist temple
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฐ์์ ์๋ ์ค๋๋ ์ฌ์ฐฐ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ๋ค.
We visited an old Buddhist temple deep in the mountains.
์ ๋ถ๋ ๊ณต์ฌ ํ์ฅ์ ์์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฐฐํ๋ค.
The government regularly inspected the safety management of the construction site.
์ฌํ
sahoe
society
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ค์ํ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ํจ๊ป ์ด์๊ฐ๋ ์ฌํ์ ์ด๊ณ ์๋ค.
We live in a society where diverse people live together.
๊ทธ๋
๋ ๊ฒฐํผ์ ์ฌํ๋ฅผ ๋งก์ ๋ฅ์ํ๊ฒ ์งํํ๋ค.
She took on the role of hosting the wedding and ran it skillfully.
์ฐํ
sanha
mountains and rivers; nature
๋์ ๊ณณ์ ์ค๋ฅด๋ ์๋ฆ๋ค์ด ์ฐํ๊ฐ ํ๋์ ๋ค์ด์๋ค.
Climbing to a high place, the beautiful mountains and rivers came into view all at once.
๊ทธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ ์ ๋ถ ์ฐํ ๊ธฐ๊ด์ผ๋ก ์ด์๋๊ณ ์๋ค.
The institute is operated as a government-affiliated organization.
์๊ณ
sanggo
commercial high school
๊ทธ๋ ์๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์กธ์
ํ๊ณ ์ํ์ ์ทจ์งํ๋ค.
He graduated from a commercial high school and got a job at a bank.
ํผ๊ณ ๋ ํ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ถ๋ณตํ์ฌ ๋๋ฒ์์ ์๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ๋ค.
The defendant, refusing to accept the verdict, appealed to the Supreme Court.
์๋ก
sangnye
common practice; custom
์๋์ด ์ค๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง์ ์๋ก์ด๋ค.
It is our family's common practice to serve tea when guests come.
๊ทธ ๋ง์์์๋ ์๋ก๋ถํฐ ์ ํด ์ค๋ ์๋ก๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋๋ก ๋ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ ์๋ค.
In that village, they still follow the funeral rites passed down from ancient times.
์์
sangseok
stone table of a tomb
์ฑ๋ฌ ๋๋ง๋ค ๋ฌด๋ค ์ ์์์ ์์์ ์ ์ฑ๊ป ์ฐจ๋ ค ๋๋๋ค.
Every time we visit the grave, we carefully lay out food on the stone table in front of it.
๊ฐ์กฑ ๋ชจ์์์๋ ํ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ฐ ํญ์ ์์์ ์์ผ์ ๋ค.
At family gatherings, grandfather always sits in the seat of honor.
์์
sangso
written petition to the king
์ ํ๋ ์์๊ฒ ์์๋ฅผ ์ฌ๋ ค ์์ ์ ๋ป์ ์ ํ๋ค.
The official submitted a written petition to the king to convey his opinion.
๋ณํธ์ธ์ ํ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ถ๋ณตํ์ฌ ์์๋ฅผ ์ค๋นํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
The defense attorney, refusing to accept the verdict, is preparing an appeal.
์์ฃผ
sangju
residing
์ด ์ํํธ์๋ ๊ฒฝ๋น์์ด ์์ฃผํ๊ณ ์์ด ์์ ํ๋ค.
This apartment is safe because a security guard resides there continuously.
์ฅ๋จ์ธ ๊ทธ๊ฐ ์์ฃผ๊ฐ ๋์ด ์๋ฒ์ง์ ์ฅ๋ก๋ฅผ ์น๋ ๋ค.
As the eldest son, he became the chief mourner and held his father's funeral.
์ ์ฌ
seonsa
prehistory
์ด ์ ์ ์ง์์๋ ์ ์ฌ ์๋์ ํ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์ด ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋์๋ค.
Many prehistoric earthenware pieces were found at this archaeological site.
์ ๋๋ค์ ์ ์ฌ์ ๋ฒ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฃ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ ์ ๋ชจ์๋ค.
The believers gathered at the temple to hear the monk's sermon.
์ ์
seonyang
exaltation; promotion
์ด ํ์ฌ๋ ์ ํต๋ฌธํ ์ ์์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฆฐ๋ค.
This event is held for the purpose of promoting traditional culture.
๊ทธ์ ์ฐ์ค์ ์ ๊ตญ์ฌ ์ ์์ ํฐ ์ญํ ์ ํ๋ค.
His speech played a big role in stimulating patriotism.
์ ์ธ
seonin
predecessor; forerunner
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ ์ธ์ ์งํ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ณ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์ด๋ฐ์์ผ ํ๋ค.
We must learn the wisdom of our predecessors and carry it forward.
๋ง์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ํ ์ ์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์นญ์ฐฌํ๋ค.
The villagers praised him as a truly virtuous person.
์ ์
seonjeong
selection; choice
์ด ๋์๋ ์ฌํด์ ์ฐ์ ๋์๋ก ์ ์ ์ด ๋์๋ค.
This book was selected as one of the year's best books.
์ญ์ฌ์ฑ
์ ๊ทธ ์์ ์ ์ ์ ์ค๋ซ๋์ ์นญ์กํ๋ค.
History books have long praised that king's exemplary government.
์ ํ
seonhaeng
preceding; going ahead
์ ์ ์ฑ
์ํ์ ์์ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ๋
ผ์๊ฐ ์ ํ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ค.
Sufficient discussion must precede the implementation of the new policy.
๊ทธ ํ์์ ๋งค์ผ ์ ํ์ ์ค์ฒํ๋ ค๊ณ ๋
ธ๋ ฅํ๋ค.
That student tries to practice good deeds every day.
์ฑ์
seongwon
member (of a group)
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ์ ์ฑ์ ๋ชจ๋๊ฐ ํ์ ํฉ์ณ์ผ ํ๋ค.
We all, as members of the team, need to join forces.
ํฌ๋ค์ ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ด ์ฑ์์ ํ์
์ด ์ข์ ์ฑ์ ์ ๋๋ค.
Boosted by the fans' passionate support, they achieved good results.
์ฑ์
seongjeon
sanctuary; holy temple
์ ์๋ค์ ๋งค์ฃผ ์ผ์์ผ ์ฑ์ ์ ๋ชจ์ฌ ์๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋๋ฆฐ๋ค.
Believers gather at the sanctuary every Sunday for worship.
์ญ์ฌ ์์์ ์ข
๊ต๋ฅผ ์ด์ ๋ก ํ ์ฑ์ ์ด ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ฐจ๋ก ์ผ์ด๋ฌ๋ค.
Throughout history, holy wars fought over religion have occurred many times.
์๊ด
sogwan
jurisdiction; charge (of a matter)
๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ์์ ์๊ด์ด ์๋๋ค.
That matter is not under our department's jurisdiction.
์์ฐ ํธ์ฑ์ ์ฌ๋ฌด๋ถ ์๊ด ์
๋ฌด์ด๋ค.
Budget planning is a matter under the Ministry of Finance.
์๋ช
somyeong
calling; vocation
๊ทธ๋ ๊ต์ฌ๋ก์์ ์๋ช
์ ๋คํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋
ธ๋ ฅํ๋ค.
He worked hard to fulfill his calling as a teacher.
ํ์ฌ๋ ์ฌ๊ณ ์์ธ์ ๋ํด ์๋ช
์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ ์ถํ๋ค.
The company submitted materials explaining the cause of the accident.
์์
soyo
being required; needed
์์ ์์ ์๊ฐ์ ๋ ์๊ฐ์ด๋ค.
The estimated time required is two hours.
๊ทธ ์ง์ญ์์ ํฐ ์์๊ฐ ์ผ์ด๋ฌ๋ค.
A major riot broke out in that region.
์์ฒญ
socheong
request; petition
๊ทธ๋ ์์ฌ์๊ฒ ์์ฒญ์ ํ๋ ๋ถํํ๋ค.
He asked his boss for one favor.
์ง์์ ์ธ์ฌ์์ํ์ ์์ฒญ์ ์ ๊ธฐํ๋ค.
The employee filed an appeal (petition) with the personnel committee.
์๋ น
suryeong
local magistrate (archaic official)
์กฐ์ ์๋ ์๋ น์ ๊ฐ ๊ณ ์์ ๋ค์ค๋ ธ๋ค.
In the Joseon era, local magistrates governed each town.
๊ธ์ฌ ์๋ น์ ๋งค๋ฌ ์ด์ญ์ค ์ผ์ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๋ค.
Salary receipt happens on the 25th of every month.
๊ทธ๋ ๋ฐ๋๊ตฐ์ ์๋ น์ผ๋ก ์๋ ค์ก๋ค.
He was known as the leader of the rebel army.
์์ฉ
suyong
acceptance
ํ์ฌ๋ ๋
ธ์กฐ์ ์๊ตฌ์ ๋ํ ์์ฉ ์ฌ๋ถ๋ฅผ ๋
ผ์ํ๋ค.
The company discussed whether to accept the union's demands.
์ ๋ถ๋ ๋๋ก ๊ฑด์ค์ ์ํด ํ ์ง ์์ฉ์ ์งํํ๋ค.
The government proceeded with land expropriation for road construction.
์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ฅ์ ์ค๋ง ๋ช
์ ๊ด์ค์ ์์ฉํ ์ ์๋ค.
This stadium can accommodate fifty thousand spectators.
์์ฉ๋๋ค
suyongdoeda
to be accepted
๊ทธ์ ์๊ฒฌ์ด ํ์์์ ์์ฉ๋์๋ค.
His opinion was accepted at the meeting.
๊ทธ ๋
์ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฌ์
์ ์ํด ์์ฉ๋์๋ค.
That land was expropriated for a public project.
๋ถ์์๋ค์ ์ธ๊ทผ ๋ณ์์ ์์ฉ๋์๋ค.
The injured were accommodated at a nearby hospital.
์์ฅ
sujang
burial at sea
์ ์๋ค์ ์ฃฝ์ ๋๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์์ฅํ๋ค.
The sailors gave their dead comrade a burial at sea.
๊ทธ๋ ์ด ๋จ์ฒด์ ์์ฅ์ผ๋ก ์ญ ๋
๊ฐ ํ๋ํ๋ค.
He served as the head of this organization for ten years.
์ํ
suhaeng
carrying out; performance (of a task)
๊ทธ๋ ๋งก์ ์๋ฌด ์ํ์ ์ฑ์คํ ํด๋๋ค.
He faithfully carried out the duty he was given.
์ค๋์ ์ฐ์์์ ์ํ์ ์ ๋
ํ๋ค.
The monk devoted himself to spiritual discipline in the mountains.
์ฅ๊ด์ ์ํ ์์ด ํผ์ ํ์ฌ์ ์ฐธ์ํ๋ค.
The minister attended the event alone, without an escort.
์น๋ณต
seungbok
monk's robe
์ค๋์ ํ์ ์น๋ณต์ ์
๊ณ ๋ฒ๋น์ผ๋ก ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋ค.
The monk entered the dharma hall wearing gray robes.
๊ทธ๋ ์ฌํ์ ํ์ ์ ์น๋ณต์ ๊ฑฐ๋ถํ๋ค.
He refused to accept the referee's ruling.
์๋น
sibi
right and wrong
๋ ์ฌ๋์ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์๋น๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋คํฌ์๋ค.
The two people argued to determine right and wrong in the matter.
๊ณต์์๋ ์ ๋ช
ํ ์์ธ์ ์๋น๊ฐ ์ธ์์ ธ ์๋ค.
A stele inscribed with a famous poet's poem stands in the park.
์์ฌ
sisa
hint; suggestion; implication
๊ทธ์ ๋ฐ์ธ์ ์์ผ๋ก์ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ์์ฌํ๋ค.
His remark hinted at future changes.
๊ทธ๋ ๋งค์ผ ์์นจ ์์ฌ ๋ด์ค๋ฅผ ์ฑ๊ฒจ ๋ณธ๋ค.
He watches the current affairs news every morning.
์์
siwi
protest; demonstration
์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ๊ด์ฅ์ ๋ชจ์ฌ ์์๋ฅผ ๋ฒ์๋ค.
Citizens gathered in the square and held a protest.
๊ถ์๋ ์์๋ฅผ ํ๊ป ๋น๊ฒผ๋ค ๋์๋ค.
The archer pulled the bowstring tightly and released it.
์์
sijeong
residential area; town
๊ทธ๋ ์กฐ์ฉํ ์์ ์์ ์ด๋ฆฐ ์์ ์ ๋ณด๋๋ค.
He spent his childhood in a quiet residential area.
์๋ก ์ทจ์ํ ์์ฅ์ ์์ ๊ฐํ์ ์ฝ์ํ๋ค.
The newly inaugurated mayor promised municipal administration reform.
ํ์ฌ๋ ์๋ชป๋ ๊ดํ์ ์์ ์ ์ฝ์ํ๋ค.
The company promised to correct its wrongful practices.
์ํ
sihaeng
implementation; enforcement
์๋ก์ด ๋ฒ์ด ๋ค์ ๋ฌ๋ถํฐ ์ํ๋๋ค.
The new law will be implemented starting next month.
์ด ์๋ ์ฒซ ์ํ๋ถํฐ ๊ฐ๋ ฌํ ์ธ์์ ์ค๋ค.
This poem gives a strong impression from its very first line.
์ ์
sinsang
personal circumstances; one's own affairs
๊ทธ๋ ์์ ์ ์ ์์ ๋ํด ๋งํ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋ ธ๋ค.
He was reluctant to talk about his personal circumstances.
์ค์
siljeong
the actual situation; real conditions
์ ์ฑ
์ ํ์ฅ์ ์ค์ ์ ๋ฐ์ํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
Policy must reflect the actual conditions on the ground.
์ญ์ฌ๋ ์์ ์ค์ ์ ์๊ฒฉํ ํ๊ฐํ๋ค.
History harshly judged the king's misrule.
์์
anwi
safety and danger, welfare
๋ถ๋ชจ๋ ์ธ์ ๋ ์์์ ์์๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ ํ๋ค.
Parents always worry about their children's safety and welfare.
๊ทธ๋ ์ํด ํ ์๊ณจ์์ ์์๋ฅผ ๋๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ง๋๋ค.
After retiring, he lived enjoying peace and comfort in the countryside.
์์
anjeong
stability (maintaining a consistent state without change)
์ ๋ถ๋ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ ์์ ์ ์ํ ์ ์ฑ
์ ๋ฐํํ๋ค.
The government announced policies for price stability.
์์ฌ๋ ํ์์๊ฒ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ์์ ์ ์ทจํ๋ผ๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค.
The doctor told the patient to get plenty of rest.
์ฝ์
yakjja
the weak, a vulnerable person
์ฌํ์ ์ฝ์๋ฅผ ๋ณดํธํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
We must protect socially vulnerable people.
'์ฃผ์ํ์ฌ'์ ์ฝ์๋ 'ใ'์ด๋ค.
The abbreviation for "corporation" is "ใ."
์ญ์
yeokjjeon
the front of a train station
์ญ์ ์๋ ๋ง์ ์์ ์ด ์๋ค.
There are many shops in front of the station.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ญ์ ์ ์ด๋ฃจ์๋ค.
Our team achieved a dramatic reversal.
์ฐ๊ธ
yeongeum
confinement (being confined to a certain place and prevented from leaving)
๊ทธ๋ ์ค๋ซ๋์ ์ํ์ ์ฐ๊ธ๋์ด ์์๋ค.
He was confined to his home for a long time.
ํ ์๋ฒ์ง๋ ๋งค๋ฌ ์ฐ๊ธ์ ๋ฐ์ผ์ ๋ค.
My grandfather receives a pension every month.
์ฐ๋
yeondae
a regiment (a military unit smaller than a division and larger than a battalion)
๊ทธ๋ ์ด ์ฐ๋์์ ์ค ๋
์งธ ๋ณต๋ฌดํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
He has been serving in this regiment for five years.
์ด ์ ๋ฌผ์ ์ผ๊ตญ ์๋ ์ฐ๋์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐํ์ก๋ค.
This artifact was found to be from the Three Kingdoms era.
๋
ธ๋์๋ค์ ์ฐ๋๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์กฐํ๋ฉฐ ํจ๊ป ์ธ์ ๋ค.
The workers emphasized solidarity and fought together.
์ฐ์
yeonsang
older (than oneself); a person older than oneself
๊ทธ๋
๋ ๋จํธ๋ณด๋ค ์ธ ์ด ์ฐ์์ด๋ค.
She is three years older than her husband.
๊ทธ ํฅ๊ธฐ๋ ์ด๋ฆฐ ์์ ์ ์ฐ์ํ๊ฒ ํ๋ค.
That scent made me think of my childhood.
์ฐ์ค
yeonjul
kite string (thread used to fly a kite)
์ฐ์ค์ด ๋์ด์ ธ์ ์ฐ์ด ๋ ์๊ฐ ๋ฒ๋ ธ์ด์.
The kite string broke and the kite flew away.
๊ทธ๋ ์ฐ์ค์ ์ด์ฉํด์ ์ทจ์งํ์ด์.
He got the job by using his connections.
์ด๊ฐ
yeolgang
the great powers (nations with strong international influence)
๋น์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ด๊ฐ์ด ๊ทธ ์ง์ญ์ ์ฐจ์งํ๋ ค๊ณ ํ์ด์.
At the time, several great powers tried to seize that region.
๊ต์๋์ ์ด๊ฐ์ ํ์๋ค์ด ์ง์คํ์ด์.
The students focused intently on the professor's passionate lecture.
์ด๋ถ
yeolbu
a woman who kept fidelity to her husband
๋ง์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๊ทธ๋
๋ฅผ ์ด๋ถ๋ผ๊ณ ์นญ์กํ์ด์.
The villagers praised her as a woman of unwavering fidelity to her husband.
๊ทธ๋ ์๋ด๊ฐ ์ธ์์ ๋ ๋ ํ ์ด๋ถ๋ก ์ด์์ด์.
After his wife passed away, he lived as a man devoted to her memory, never remarrying.
์ด์ค์ฌ์ด
yeoljungswieo
parade rest (a stance with feet apart and hands behind the back)
๊ตฐ์ธ๋ค์ ์ด์ค์ฌ์ด ์์ธ๋ก ์ ์์์ด์.
The soldiers stood in the parade-rest stance.
๊ต๊ด์ด "์ด์ค์ฌ์ด!"๋ผ๊ณ ์ธ์ณค์ด์.
The instructor shouted "At ease!"
์์ง
yeongji
a fief (in medieval European feudalism, territory over which a lord held rule)
์์ฃผ๋ ๋์ ์์ง๋ฅผ ๋ค์ค๋ ธ์ด์.
The lord ruled over a wide fief.
ํ ์๋ฒ์ง๋ ์์ง๋ก ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋์ฌ ๋์
จ์ด์.
Grandfather brewed tea from lingzhi mushroom.
์ฅ๊ณ
okkko
(honorific) another person's excellent manuscript
๋ณด๋ด ์ฃผ์ ์ฅ๊ณ ์ ์ฝ์์ต๋๋ค.
I read your excellent manuscript with great interest.
๊ทธ๋ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ด๋์ ํ๋ค๊ฐ ์ค๋ ์ฅ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์น๋ ์ด์.
He suffered a long imprisonment for his independence activism.
์ฅ์ฌ
okssa
dying in prison (after being imprisoned for a crime)
๊ทธ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ด๋๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ฅ์ฌํ์ด์.
That independence activist ultimately died in prison.
์ค๋๋ ์ฅ์ฌ๊ฐ ๋ฐ๋ฌผ๊ด์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๋์์ด์.
The old prison building was turned into a museum.
์์
wangja
a prince (the son of a king)
์์๋ ์ฑ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ์ฌํ์ ๋ ๋ฌ์ด์.
The prince set out on a journey outside the castle.
๊ทธ ๋๋ผ๋ ์์๊ฐ ์ ๋์ ์ธ ๊ถ๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ก์ด์.
In that country, the monarch held absolute power.
์ธ์
oejeok
external (related to the outside of an object, organization, or group)
์ธ์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ๋์์ง ์์์ด์.
The external conditions weren't bad.
๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์์ ํ ์ธ์ ์ด์์ด์.
That problem was purely external.
์ฑ๋ฒฝ์ ์ธ์ ์ ์นจ์
์ ๋ง๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ธ์์ก์ด์.
The fortress wall was built to block the invasion of foreign enemies.
์ธ์นจ
oechim
a shout, a loud cry
๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์์ ์์๋์ ์ธ์นจ์ด ๋ค๋ ธ์ด์.
The protesters' shouts could be heard in the street.
์ด ๋๋ผ๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ฐจ๋ก ์ธ์นจ์ ๊ฒช์์ด์.
This country experienced foreign invasions several times.
์ด
un
fate, luck (a force beyond human control that determines one's life)
์ด๋ฒ ์ํ์ ํฉ๊ฒฉํ ๊ฑด ์ด์ด ์ข์๋ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์.
I think I was just lucky to pass this exam.
ํ์๋ฅผ ์ง์ ๋๋ ์ ํด์ง ์ด์ ๋ง์ถฐ์ผ ํด์.
When writing classical poetry, you have to match the fixed rhyme.
์ด๋ช
unmyeong
destiny, fate (the predetermined course of one's life)
๋ ์ฌ๋์ ์ด๋ช
์ฒ๋ผ ๋ค์ ๋ง๋๊ฒ ๋์์ด์.
The two of them met again, as if by destiny.
ํ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ป์๋ ์ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์ ์ด๋ช
ํ์
จ์ต๋๋ค.
My grandfather passed away last night.
์์
wonsu
field marshal (the highest rank in the military)
๊ทธ๋ ์ ์์์ ํฐ ๊ณต์ ์ธ์ ์์๊ฐ ๋์์ด์.
He became a field marshal after great achievements in war.
๊ทธ ๋๋ผ์ ์์๊ฐ ๊ณต์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ ํ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ์ด์.
The head of state of that country decided to make an official visit.
๊ทธ๋ ์์ ์ ๊ฐ์กฑ์ ํด์น ์ฌ๋์ ์์๋ก ์ฌ๊ฒผ์ด์.
He regarded the person who had hurt his family as his enemy.
์์กฐ
wonjo
originator, founder (the very first origin of something)
์ด ์๋น์ด ์ด ์๋ฆฌ์ ์์กฐ๋ผ๊ณ ํด์.
They say this restaurant is the originator of this dish.
๊ตญ์ ์ฌํ๊ฐ ๊ทธ ๋๋ผ์ ์๋ ์์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ์ด์.
The international community decided to provide food aid to that country.
์์ธ
wise
overpowering influence, dominance (power that makes others submit)
๊ทธ๋ ํ์ฌ ์์์ ๋๋จํ ์์ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋ ธ์ด์.
He threw his weight around within the company.
๊ทธ ๊ฐ๋ฌธ์ ์์ ๋งํผ์ ์์ธ๋ฅผ ๋๋ฆฌ์ง ๋ชปํ๊ณ ์์ด์.
That family no longer enjoys the status and authority it once had.
์์ฝ
wiyak
breach of contract, breaking a promise
์์ฝ์ด ์์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์์ฝ๊ธ์ ๋ด์ผ ํด์.
If there's a breach of contract, you have to pay a penalty fee.
์คํ์์ ์ ๋ฐ์ ํ์์๊ฒ๋ ์์ฝ์ ์ฃผ์์ด์.
In the experiment, half the patients were given a placebo.
์
yu
existence, being (the state of existing)
๊ทธ๋ ์ ์ ๋ฌด์ ๋ํด ์ฒ ํ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ์ด์.
He pondered philosophically about existence and non-existence.
์ ์
yuseo
a will, testament (a document with one's final wishes)
ํ ๋จธ๋๋ ๋์๊ฐ์๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋จ๊ธฐ์
จ์ด์.
My grandmother left a will before she passed away.
์ด ์ฌ์ฐฐ์ ์ ์ ๊น์ ๊ณณ์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ช
ํด์.
This temple is famous as a place with a long, storied history.
์ ์ง
yuji
maintenance, continuation (keeping a state or situation as it is)
๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์ ์งํ๋ ค๋ฉด ๊พธ์คํ ์ด๋ํด์ผ ํด์.
To maintain your health, you need to exercise consistently.
๋ง์ ์ ์ง๋ค์ด ๋ชจ์ฌ ์ถ์ ๋ฅผ ์ค๋นํ์ด์.
The local notables gathered to prepare the festival.
์๋ค์ ์๋ฒ์ง์ ์ ์ง๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ค์ด ์ฌ์
์ ์ด์ด ๊ฐ์ด์.
The son carried on the business in honor of his father's dying wish.
์๋ชจ
eummo
pubic hair
์ฌ์ถ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋๋ฉด ์๋ชจ๊ฐ ๋๊ธฐ ์์ํด์.
Pubic hair starts to grow during puberty.
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ ๊ทธ๋ค์ ์๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ๋์ด์.
The police uncovered their conspiracy.
์๊ฑฐ
uigeo
basis, grounds (being based on a certain fact or principle)
์ด ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ๋ฒ์ ์๊ฑฐํด์ ๋ด๋ ค์ก์ด์.
This decision was made based on the law.
์์ค๊ทผ ์์ฌ๋ ์๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ผ์ผํจ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ด๋๊ฐ์์.
Ahn Jung-geun is an independence activist who carried out a righteous uprising.
์๋ก
uirye
a ceremony, rite (a set format and procedure for holding an event, or the event held following that format)
๊ฒฐํผ์์ ์ ํต์ ์ธ ์๋ก์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์งํ๋์์ด์.
The wedding was conducted following traditional rites.
์์
uiwon
member of an assembly; assemblyman/assemblywoman
๊ทธ๋ค์ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ํฅ๋ ฅ์ ๊ทน๋ํํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์์๋ค์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ๋ก๋น ํ๋์ ๋ฒ์๋ค.
They lobbied the assembly members to maximize their political influence.
ํ ๋จธ๋๋ ์ด์ด ๋๋ ์์๋ฅผ ์
๊ณ ์์์ผ๋ก ๋ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ๋ค.
Grandmother carried her feverish grandson on her back and rushed to the clinic.
์ด์
iui
objection
์ฌ๋ด๋ ์์ ์๊ฒ ๋ด๋ ค์ง ๋ฒ์์ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ์ด์๋ฅผ ์ ๊ธฐํ๋ค.
The man raised an objection to the court's decision against him.
๊น ๊ต์์ ์ฃผ์ฅ์ ์ด์๋ฅผ ํ์ ์ ์์ ๋งํผ ๋
ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๋ฒฝํ๋ค.
Professor Kim's argument was so logically perfect that no differing opinion could be raised against it.
์ด์
ijeok
a miracle; a wondrous sign
์ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ ์ ์๋ ์ฌ๋ด์๊ฒ๋ ๋ค์ํ ์ด์ ์ด ๋ฐ๋ผ๋ค๋
๋ค.
Various miracles followed the mysterious man of unknown identity.
์ด๋จธ๋๋ ๊ฒฐํผํ์๋ ๋น์ ์๋ฒ์ง์ ํธ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด์ ์ ํ์
จ๋ค.
When my mother got married, she transferred her name onto my father's family register.
์ดํ
ihaeng
transition; shift
๋๊ฒฝ ์ฌํ์์ ์ฐ์
์ฌํ๋ก์ ์ดํ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก๋ค.
The transition from an agricultural society to an industrial one happened quickly.
๊ธฐ์์ฌ์์ ์ ํ ๊ท์น์ ์ดํ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ถํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ ํด์คํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Anyone who refuses to fulfill the rules set by the dormitory must move out.
์ดํ๋๋ค
ihaengdoeda
to shift; to be transformed
์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์ธ์์ด ์์ ๋ก์ด ๊ณณ์ผ๋ก ์ดํ๋๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋๋ค.
People hope that the world will be transformed into a free place.
์ง๋ ํ์์์ ํฉ์๋ ์ฌํญ์ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ง ์์ด ์ดํ๋์๋ค.
The matters agreed upon at the last meeting were carried out without major setbacks.
์ดํํ๋ค
ihaenghada
to shift; to transform
๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋ค์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์๋ก ์ดํํ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋๋ค.
The people hoped that the nation would transition to democracy.
๋ณดํ ํ์ฌ๋ ๋ณดํ ๊ณ์ฝ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ณด์์ ์ดํํ๋ค.
The insurance company fulfilled the compensation according to the terms of the insurance contract.
์ธ๊ฐ
inga
house; dwelling
๋
ธ๋ถ๋ถ๋ ์ธ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋๋ฌธ ์ฐ๊ณจ์์ ๋
ธํ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ด๊ธฐ๋ก ํ๋ค.
The elderly couple decided to spend their old age in a mountain village with few houses.
๊ฐ๋ฐ ํ์ ์์๋ค์ ์ธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ ์ํ์ ์ ์ํ๋ค.
The development team received authorization from the executives to make the product.
์ธ๋
indo
sidewalk; pavement
์ฌ๋์ ์ธ๋๋ก, ์ฐจ๋ ์ฐจ๋๋ก ๋ค๋๋ค.
People walk on the sidewalk, and cars go on the road.
์ด๋ฒ ํญํ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์ธ๋๊ฐ ๋ฌด๋์ง ์ฒญ์๋
๋ฒ์ฃ์ ์ฌ๊ฐ์ฑ์ ๋ณด์ฌ ์ฃผ์๋ค.
This assault case showed the severity of juvenile crime in which human decency has collapsed.
๊ทธ๋
๊ฐ ์ธ๋๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ ์ ํ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ ์๋ค์ด ์ ๋ ๋ก์ ๊ตฐํ ํ ์ผค๋ ๊ฐ ์ ๋ถ์๋ค.
The only keepsake handed over to her was a worn-out pair of military boots her son used to wear.
์ธ๋๋๋ค
indodoeda
to be guided
๊ทธ๋ ์ฌ๊ธฐ๊พผ์๊ฒ ์ธ๋๋์ด ํด์ง๊ธ์ ๋งก๊ฒผ๋ค๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋ ์์๋ค.
He was led astray by a con artist and lost all his retirement money after entrusting it to him.
๋ฉ์น๋์๋ ์์ด๊ฐ ๋๋์ด ๊ฐ์กฑ์ ํ์ ์ธ๋๋์๋ค.
The kidnapped child was finally handed over into the arms of the family.
์ธ๋ํ๋ค
indohada
to transfer; to hand over
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฒ๋ฅผ ์ผ์ฒ๋ง ์์ ํ๊ณ ์ธ๋ํ์๋ค.
We sold the store for thirty million won and handed it over.
์ ์๋์ ํ์ฐฝ ๋ฐฉํฉํ๋ ๋๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ๊ธธ๋ก ์ธ๋ํด ์ฃผ์
จ๋ค.
My teacher guided me, who was wandering aimlessly, onto the right path.
์ธ๋ช
inmyeong
a person's name
๊ทธ ์ฌ์ ์๋ ์ญ์ฌ์ ์๋ฏธ๊ฐ ์๋ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋ค์ ์ธ๋ช
๊ณผ ์
์ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋์ด ์๋ค.
That dictionary records the names and achievements of historically significant people.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์์ด๋ค์๊ฒ ์ธ๋ช
์ ์์คํจ์ ์๋ ค ์ฃผ์ด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
We must teach children the preciousness of human life.
์ธ์
injeok
human; relating to people
๋ ํ์ฌ๋ ์ธ์ ๊ต๋ฅ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๊ธฐ์ ํ๋ ฅ์ ํ๊ธฐ๋ก ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๋ค.
The two companies decided to cooperate technologically through human/personnel exchange.
์ ๋ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋ง์ ๋์ฌ๋ ๋ฐค์ด ๋๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ์ ์ด ๋๋ฌผ์๋ค.
Even in the busy downtown area, once night fell, there were few signs of people on the streets.
์์
imja
an owner
๋น์ฒจ๊ธ์ ์์๊ฐ ๋๊ฐ ๋ ์ง ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
Everyone is watching to see who will become the owner of the prize money.
์์, ์๋ค๋ ์ธ์์ด ์ง๋๋ฉด ๋์ฒ๋ผ ๋๊ฒ ๋ ๊ฑธ์ธ.
You, too, will grow old like me as the years go by.
์
๊ฐํ๋ค
ipkkakada
to be based on; to be grounded on
๋๋ ๊ฐ๊ด์ ์ธ ์ฌ์ค์ ์
๊ฐํด ์ฌ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ํ๋จ์ ๋ด๋ฆฌ๋ ค ๋
ธ๋ ฅํ๋ค.
I tried to make the right judgment based on objective facts.
๋ฐ ์์์ด ์ ์ฅ๊ด์ผ๋ก ์
๊ฐํ๊ฒ ๋์๋ค.
Assemblyman Park was appointed as the new minister, entering the cabinet.
์
ํ
ipoe
joining an organization
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋์๋ฆฌ๋ ์ ์
ํ์์ ์
ํ๋ฅผ ๋ง์ ์ ํฐ๋ฅผ ๋ ๋ฌ๋ค.
Our club went on a retreat to welcome new members joining.
๊ฑด์ค ์
์ฒด๋ ์ํํธ ์
์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ ์
ํ ์๋ ์์ ์ง๋จ์ ์ค์ํ๋ค.
The construction company conducted a safety inspection in the presence of the apartment residents.
์๊ตญ
jaguk
one's own country
์ ์์ ์ผ์ผํค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๊ตญ์๊ฒ๋ ๋์์ด ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์์๋ค.
Starting a war would not have benefited one's own country either.
๋น๊ฐ ์ค๊ณ ๋ ํ ๊ธธ์ ํธ๋ญ ๋ฐํด ์๊ตญ์ด ์ ๋ช
ํ๋ค.
After the rain, the truck tire tracks on the road were clearly visible.
์ฅ๊ด
janggwan
minister (government official)
์ธ๊ต ๋ถ์ ์ฅ๊ด์ ์ฌ์ํ ์ธ๊ต์ ๋ง์ฐฐ๋ ์ฑ
์์ ์ง๊ณ ํด๊ฒฐํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
The minister of the foreign affairs department must take responsibility for and resolve even minor diplomatic frictions.
์ฐ ์ ์์์ ๋ด๋ ค๋ค๋ณธ ๋์์ ๋ชจ์ต์ ๊ทธ์ผ๋ง๋ก ์ฅ๊ด์ด์๋ค.
The view of the city looking down from the mountain peak was truly a spectacle.
์ฌ๊ฐ
jaega
remarriage
๊ทธ ์ธ๋๋ ๋จํธ ์ฌ๋ณ ํ ์ผ ๋
๋ง์ ์ฌ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ํด์ ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๊พธ๋ ธ๋ค.
That woman remarried three years after her husband's death and started a new family.
๊ทธ ์ข์ ์ฌ์
๊ณํ์ ์ฌ์ฅ์ด ์ฌ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ด๋ฆฌ์ง ์์์ ๋ฌด์ฐ๋์๋ค.
That good business plan fell through because the president did not give his approval.
์ฌ๊ฐํ๋ค
jaegahada
to remarry
์ด๋ชจ๋ ์ดํผ ํ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋จ์์๊ฒ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ์๊ฐ์ด ์์๋ค.
My aunt had no intention of remarrying another man after her divorce.
์ฌ์ฅ๋์ ๊น ๊ณผ์ฅ์ ์ ์ํ ๊ด๊ณ ๊ณํ์์ ์ฌ๊ฐํ์
จ๋ค.
The president approved Manager Kim's proposal for the new product's advertising plan.
์ฌ๋จ
jaedan
judgement, ruling
๋๋ ๋์ ๋ํ ์ฌ๋จ ๊ธฐ์ค์ด ํ๋ฒ๊ณผ ์ง์
์ด๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ซ์๋ค.
I hated that the standard by which I was judged was my academic background and occupation.
ํ์ฌ์ ์ฌ์ฐ ์ค ์ฌ๋จ์ด ์ด๋ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ค์ ๋์ด ์๋์ง ์์์ผ ํ๋ค.
You need to know which part of the company's assets has been designated as the foundation.
์ ์
jeosok
vulgarity, coarseness
ํ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ค์ ์ต๊ทผ ๊ฐ๋ดํ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๊ฒฝ, ์ ์, ์ธ์ค์ ์ด์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ ํํ์๋ค.
Critics described the recently released film as a compendium of irreverence, vulgarity, and obscenity.
๋นํ๊ธฐ๋ ์ฐฉ๋ฅํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์ ์ ์์ผ๋ก ๋นํํ๊ธฐ ์์ํ๋ค.
The airplane began flying at low speed in order to land.
์ ์ง
jeoji
blockage, obstruction
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ ์ ์ํ ์ ์ง๋ก ํฐ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ง์ ์ ์์๋ค.
Thanks to the police's swift blockage, a big accident could be prevented.
๊ณ์๋ ํญ์ฐ๋ก ์ ์ง์ ์๋ ์ง๋ค์ด ๋ชจ๋ ๋ฌผ์ ์ ๊ฒผ๋ค.
Due to the continuous heavy rain, all the houses in the low-lying area were submerged in water.
์ ํ
jeoha
decline, drop
๋ฌด๊ธฐ์ ์ง์ ์ ํ๋ ๊ตฐ์ฌ๋ ฅ์ ๋จ์ด์ง๊ฒ ํ์๋ค.
The decline in the quality of weapons caused military strength to weaken.
๊ทธ ๊ด๋ฃ๋ ์ธ์ ์ ํ๊ป ํ์ง์ ๊ณ ํ๊ณ ๊ถ์ ๋ ๋ฌ๋ค.
That official bid farewell to His Highness the crown prince and left the palace.
์
jeok
enemy
๊ทธ๋ค์ด ์ ๊ณผ ๋ง์ฃผํ์ ํฝํฝํ ๊ธด์ฅ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ๋์๋ค.
As they faced their enemy, a tense atmosphere hung in the air.
๊ฐ์ฑ์ด ํ๋ถํ ๋๋ ์ฌํ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ ์ด ๋ง๋ค.
Being an emotional person, I have cried many times while watching sad movies.
์ ๊ธฐ
jeokkki
enemy flag
๋ฐ๋์ ํ๋ ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ ๊ธฐ๋ ๋งค์ฐ ์ํ์ ์ด์๋ค.
The enemy flag fluttering in the wind was very threatening.
์ธ ๋์ ์ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง์์ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ๊ธฐ ์์ํ๋ค.
Three enemy planes began attacking our camp.
๋๋ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์น๋ฃํ์ฌ ๋ณ์ด ๊ธ๋ฐฉ ๋์๋ค.
I got treated at the right time, so my illness got better quickly.
์ ์ง
jeokjji
enemy territory
์ฅ๊ตฐ์ ์ ์ง๋ฅผ ํฅํด ํ์ ๊ฒจ๋์๋ค.
The general aimed his bow toward enemy territory.
ํธ๋จํ์ผ๋ ๋
์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฆ์ ธ์ ๋์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ง์ด๋ค.
The Honam Plain has fertile soil, so it is the right place for farming.
์ ๊ฒฝ
jeongyeong
a view, a scene
์น๊ท๋ ๋์์ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ ์ฌ๋ ธ๋ค.
Seunggyu pictured the view of the city.
๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ ์ง์ ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ๊ฒฝ๋ค์ด ํฌ์๋์๋ค.
Riot police officers were sacrificed due to the excessive suppression operation.
์ ๊ถ
jeongwon
an entire collection (of volumes)
๋๋ ํ ์๋ฒ์ง์ ์ ํ์ด์๋ ๋ฌธ์ง ์ ๊ถ์ ๋ณด๊ดํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
I am keeping the entire collection of my grandfather's writings, which were among his belongings.
์ด์ฌ์ฅ์ ํ๊ต ์ด์์ ์ ๊ถ์ ๊ต์ฅ์๊ฒ ์์ํ๋ค.
The board chairman delegated full authority over school management to the principal.
ํฉ์ ๋ ์ ์ฑ
๊ฒฐ์ ์ ์ ๊ถ์ ํ์ฌํ๋ค.
The emperor exercised absolute power in policy decisions.
์ ๋
jeondo
a full map
์บ ํผ์ค ์ ๋์์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ ์ฐพ์๋ณด์๋ค.
I looked for our department building on the full campus map.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ ์ฃผ์ ์ ์๋ค์ ์๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ์์ผ๋ก ์ ๋๊ฐ ์ ๋ง์ ์ด์๋ค.
Our team's prospects were hopeless due to a series of injuries to key players.
์ง์๋ ๋์ ์ ๋๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊ณ ๊ตํ์ ๋ค๋๊ฒ ๋์๋ค.
Jisu started attending church after receiving my evangelism.
์ ๋ต์
jeollyakjjeok
strategic
์ ๋ถ๋ ์ ๋ต์ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ํด ํฌ์ํ์๋ค.
The government invested in developing strategic weapons.
์ ๋ ฅ
jeollyeok
combat power, fighting strength
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฐ์์๋ ์ ๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐํํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์๋ก์ด ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฌ๋ค์๋ค.
Our military purchased new weapons to strengthen its combat power.
์ ๋ถ๋ ์ฌ๋ฆผํฝ์ ์ ์นํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ ๋ ฅ์ ๊ธฐ์ธ์๋ค.
The government put in its utmost effort to host the Olympics.
ํ ๋จธ๋๊ป์๋ ์ ์์ ๋ ๊ฐ์๋ก ํ๋ํ๋ ์ ๋ ฅ์ด ์์ผ์๋ค.
My grandmother has a past record of working as a singer when she was young.
์ ๋ฒ
jeonbeom
a model, an example to follow
์ ์๋์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋๊ฐ ์ ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ผ์๋ ๋ ๋งํผ ํ๋ฅญํ ์ธ๊ฒฉ์ ๊ฐ์ถ ๋ถ์ด๋ค.
The teacher has such an excellent character that all of us could take him as a model.
๊ธ์ง๋ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ ๊ตฐ์ธ์ ๋ํ ์ ๋ฒ ์ฌํ์ด ๊ณง ์ด๋ฆด ์์ ์ด๋ค.
A war crimes trial for the soldier who used a banned weapon will be held soon.
์ ์ฌ
jeonsa
copying, transcribing
์ ๋ฌธ์๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ ์ฌ๋ฅผ ํ๋ ๊ณผ์ ์์ ๋ด์ฉ์ด ๋ฐ๋๊ธฐ๋ ํ๊ณ ์์ด์ง๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค.
In the process of many people copying old documents, the content sometimes gets changed or lost.
์ง์๋ ํด์ธ๋ก ํ๋ณ๋ ์ผ์ด์ ์ ์ฌ ์์์ ์ ํด ๋ฃ๊ณ ๋๋ฌผ์ ํ๋ ธ๋ค.
Jisu shed tears upon hearing the news of her uncle's death in the war after he was deployed overseas.
์ ์ ์
jeonsuljeok
tactical
์ด๋ฒ์ ์น๋ฆฌ๋ ์๋์ ํ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ์ ์ ๋ณํ๊ฐ ์ ์คํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ ํ ์ ์๋ค.
This victory can be said to be the result of a tactical change that caught the opponent off guard hitting the mark.
์ ์น
jeonseung
winning every match, a sweep
๊ทธ ์ถ๊ตฌํ์ ํ์ฌ ํ ์ ์ ์น์ผ๋ก ๋ณธ์ ์ง์ถ์ด ํ์ ๋ ์ํ์ด๋ค.
That soccer team has currently won all eight matches and has secured its spot in the finals.
๋ฏผ๊ฐ ์ ์น ๋ฏผ์๋ ๋ฐฑ์ฑ๋ค์ ์
์์ ์
์ผ๋ก ์ ํด์ ธ ์ง๊ธ๋ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์๋ค.
Folk songs passed down among the people have been transmitted from mouth to mouth and are still sung today.
์ ์ญ
jeonyeok
the entire region
๊ฐ ํ๋ฅ ์ง์ญ์ ๊ฑฐ์ ์ ์ญ์ด ๋์ํฐ์๋ค.
Almost the entire downstream area of the river was a fishing spot.
์ ์์ด ์ผ์ด๋์ ๋ณ์ฅ๋ค์ ์ ์ญ์ ๋ฏธ๋ค๋ค.
When the war broke out, the sergeants postponed their military discharge.
์ ์
jeonwon
all; every member
์์ ์ ์์ ๋์๊ฐ ์์ด์ผ ์๊ฑด์ด ํต๊ณผ๋ ์ ์๋ค.
The board agenda can only pass with the consent of all the members.
๊ฐ์๊ธฐ ์ ์์ด ๋๊ฐ์ ์ด๋์์ง์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๋นํฉํ๋ค.
People panicked when the power suddenly went out and it became dark.
ํ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ป์๋ ์ ์์ ์ฌ์๋ฉด์ ๊นจ๋ํ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ ์์พํ ๋ฐ๋์ ๋๋ฆฌ์
จ๋ค.
My grandfather lived in the countryside, enjoying clean air and a refreshing breeze.
์ ๋
jeoltto
discipline; propriety
๊ตฐ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋ฆ์ง๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ ์ผ์ ์ ๋๋ฅผ ์ ์งํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
A soldier should naturally maintain discipline in everything.
๊น ์จ๋ ์ฃผํ์ ๊ตด๋์ ํ๊ณ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ ์ ๋ ํ์๋ฅผ ์ ์ง๋ ๋ค.
Mr. Kim climbed in through the house's chimney and committed theft.
์ ์ถฉ
jeolchung
compromise; harmonizing
๊ธด ํ์ ๋์ ๋ ์ฃผ์ฅ์ ์ ์ถฉ ๋ฐฉ์์ด ๋ง๋ จ๋์๋ค.
After a long meeting, a compromise plan between the two positions was worked out.
์ฌ์ผ๋ ๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ก ์๋ก ์น์ดํ ์ ์ถฉ์ ๋ฒ์๋ค.
The ruling and opposition parties engaged in fierce negotiation over the law revision issue.
์ ๊ฒฝ
jeonggyeong
politics and business
๊ทธ ์๊ธฐ์๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๋๋ผ์์ ์ ๊ฒฝ ์ ์ฐฉ์ผ๋ก ์ธํ ๋ถ์ ๋ถํจ๊ฐ ๋ง์๋ค.
During that period, many countries had a lot of corruption from collusion between politics and business.
๋ฆ์ ๋ฐค ์ธ์ ๋๋ฌธ ๊ณจ๋ชฉ๊ธธ์ ๊ณ ๋
ํ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ ์๋
ธ๋ผ๋ ๊ด์ค๋ ์ธ์ ํด์ก๋ค.
As I gazed at the lonely scene of the deserted alley late at night, I felt inexplicably gloomy.
์ ๋ถ
jeongbu
government
์ค๋์ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์ ์ ๋ถ ์๋ฆฝ ๊ธฐ๋
์ผ์ด๋ค.
Today is the anniversary of the establishment of the democratic government.
์ ์ฌ
jeongsa
orthodox history; official record
ํ์๋ค์ ๊ทธ ์ญ์ฌ ์์ค์ด ์ ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์๊ณกํ๋ค๊ณ ๋น๋ํ๋ค.
Scholars criticized the historical novel for distorting the orthodox history.
์ ์น์ธ๋ค์ ์ ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์๋
ผํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ํ์์ค์ ๋ชจ์๋ค.
The politicians gathered in the meeting room to discuss national affairs.
์ ์
jeongsang
normality; normalcy
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ๊ต๋ ๋ฐฉํ์ ๋ ์๋ ์ ์ ์์
์ ํ์๋ค.
Our school held regular classes even on the day of the closing ceremony for vacation.
๋ฑ์ฐ๊ฐ๋ค์ ๋ค์ฏ ์๊ฐ ๋์ ์ฐ์ ์ค๋ฅธ ๋์ ์ ์์ ๋์ฐฉํ๋ค.
The hikers reached the summit after climbing the mountain for five hours.
๊ตฐ์ธ๋ค์ ์ฅ๊ตฐ์ด ๋ถ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ ์ ์ฌํ์ ๊ด๊ณ์์ด ์งํฉํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
Soldiers must assemble whenever the general calls, regardless of their circumstances.
์ ์ธ
jeongse
political landscape; political situation
๋ด์ค๋ฅผ ์ ๋ณด์ง ์๋ ์ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ์ธ๊ณ ์ ์ธ์ ์ด๋์ด ํธ์ด๋ค.
Yumin, who doesn't watch the news much, is rather out of touch with the world political situation.
์ธ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ค์ฌ์ด ์์์๋ก ์ด๋ํ๋ฉด์ ๊ตญ์ ์ ์ธ๊ฐ ๊ธ๋ณํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
As the center of the global economy shifts to Asia, the international situation is rapidly changing.
์ ์ฑ
์
jeongchaekjjeok
policy, policy-related
์ ๋ถ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ ํ๋ณต์ ์ํด ์ ์ฑ
์ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ ์๋ผ์ง ์์๋ค.
The government spared no policy effort to revive the economy.
์ ์ฒด
jeongche
identity, true nature
๊ทธ๋์ ๋ฐํ์ง์ง ์์๋ ๋ฒ์ธ์ ์ ์ฒด๊ฐ ๋๋ฌ๋ฌ๋ค.
The identity of the criminal, which had remained unknown until then, was finally revealed.
์ต๊ทผ ์์ฐ๋ฌผ ์์๊ฐ ์ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฌ ์์ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ด ํ๋ฝํ๋ค.
Demand for seafood has recently stagnated, causing fish prices to drop.
์ ํ
jeonghoe
adjournment (of a meeting)
์์นจ๋ถํฐ ์์๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ฌ ์์ ํ์๋ ์ ์ฌ์ ๋จน๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ ํ๋ฅผ ํ๋ค.
Our company's executive meeting, which had started that morning, was adjourned for lunch.
์ง์์ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฃ๋ ์ ๋ฏผ์ ์ง์๋ฅผ ํฅํด ์ ํ๊ฐ ์ผ์ด ๋๋ฌผ์ ํ๋ ธ๋ค.
As Yumin listened to Jisu's story, a wave of affection welled up for her and he shed tears.
์ ๋์
jedojeok
institutional
์ ๋ถ๋ ์ค์
์์ ๋ํ ์ ๋์ ์ง์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๋ง๋ จํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
The government is preparing institutional support measures for the unemployed.
์ ๋ช
jemyeong
expulsion, disownment
๊ทธ๋ ๋น๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ ๋ฐ๋์ด ํํ์ ๋ช
์๋ฅผ ์์์์ผฐ๋ค๋ ์ด์ ๋ก ์ ๋ช
์ ๋นํ๋ค.
He was expelled for damaging the association's reputation after his corruption was uncovered.
์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๊ทธ๊ฐ ์ ๋ช
๋๋ก ๋ชป ์ด๊ณ ์ด๋ฆฐ ๋์ด์ ์ฃฝ์ ๊ฒ์ ์ํ๊น์ํ๋ค.
People felt sorry that he had died young without living out his full natural lifespan.
์ ์ฌ
jejae
sanction, disciplinary action
์ ์๋์ด ์์
์๊ฐ์ ๋ ๋๋ ํ์์๊ฒ ์ฝ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์๋ค.
The teacher gave a slight sanction to the student who was talking during class.
์์ค๊ฐ๋ ๊ธ์ ์ธ ๋งํ ์ ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ป๊ธฐ ์ํด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ก ๋์ฐ๋ค.
The novelist went out into the streets to find material worth writing about.
์ ค
jel
first, the one that comes first among many
์น๊ท๋ ์ฌ๊ณ์ ์ค์ ๊ฐ์์ ์ ค๋ก ์ข์ํ๋ค.
Among the four seasons, Seunggyu likes fall the most.
์ด๋ฑํ๊ต ์์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์์ ์ ค ์๋ปค๋ ์ง์๊ฐ ์ ๋ช
ํ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋์๋ค.
Jisu, who was the prettiest in our class back in elementary school, became a famous model.
์กฐ๋ฐ์
jottawi
such a thing, that kind of thing (disparaging)
๋๊ฐ ์กฐ๋ฐ์๋ฅผ ์์์ด๋์๊ณ ๋ง๋ ๊ฑด๊ฐ?
Who made such a thing and called it food?
์ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ์ด๋์ ์กฐ๋ฐ์ ๋ฒ๋ฆ์๋ ๋ง์ ํ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ผ?
Where did that person learn to talk with such rude manners?
์กฐ๋ ฅ
joryeok
help, support
๋๋ ์ ๋ฌธ ์๋ฆฌ์ฌ์ ์กฐ๋ ฅ์ผ๋ก ์๋ก์ด ๋ฉ๋ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ๋ค.
I developed a new menu with the help of a professional chef.
๋๋ ํด์ ์๋์ง์ธ ์กฐ๋ ฅ์ ๋ํด ์กฐ์ฌํ๋ค.
I researched tidal power, a form of marine energy.
์กฐ๋ก
jorye
morning assembly (at school, before class)
์กฐ๋ก ์๊ฐ์ ์ ์๋๊ป์ ์์ฅ์ ๋๋ ์ฃผ์
จ๋ค.
During the morning assembly, the teacher handed out certificates.
์๋ฏผ ๋จ์ฒด๋ ์์์ ๋ฎ์ถ๊ธฐ ์ํ ์กฐ๋ก๋ฅผ ์ ์ ํ๋๋ก ์ด๊ตฌํ๋ค.
The civic group urged the enactment of an ordinance to reduce noise.
์กฐ๋ฌธ
jomun
legal text, article (of a law or regulation)
์ง์๋ ๋ฒ์ ์ ํผ์ณ์ ์กฐ๋ฌธ๋ค์ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์์ํ๋ค.
Jisu opened the law book and began reading the articles.
์์ฃผ๋ ์ ์ ํ ํ ์กฐ๋ฌธ์ ์ฝ์๋ค.
After bowing, the chief mourner read the eulogy.
์ด๋จธ๋์ ์ง์ธ๋ค์ด ๋น์์ ์กฐ๋ฌธ์ ์๋ค.
My mother's acquaintances came to pay their condolences at the funeral home.
์กฐํ
johoe
morning assembly (at school/workplace)
๋๋ ํ์ ์์ ์ ๋น๊ฐ ์ค๋ ๋ ์ ์ด๋์ฅ ์กฐํ๊ฐ ์์ด์ ์ข์๋ค.
When I was a student, I liked rainy days because there was no morning assembly on the field.
ํต์ฅ์ ์์ก ์กฐํ๋ฅผ ํด ๋ณด๋ ๋์ด ํ๋๋ ๋จ์ ์์ง ์์๋ค.
When I checked my bank balance, there was no money left at all.
์ข
๋จ
jongdan
denomination, religious order
ํ์ฌ ๊ธฐ๋
๊ต, ๋ถ๊ต ๋ฑ ๊ฐ ์ข
๋จ์ด ์ด์ฌ๋ฏผ์ ์ํ ์ฑ๊ธ์ ๋ชจ์ผ๊ณ ์๋ค.
Currently, various religious orders such as Christianity and Buddhism are raising funds for disaster victims.
์ง์งํ์๊ฐ ๋๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ก ์ง์ธต์ ์ข
๋จ์ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ณ ์๋ค.
The geologist is examining a longitudinal section of the rock strata with a magnifying glass.
์ข
์
jongjeok
vertical, hierarchical; being vertical
๊ฐ๋ถ์ฅ์ ์ธ ์ฌํ์์๋ ์๋ฒ์ง์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์กฑ๋ค ๊ฐ์ ์ข
์ ์ธ ์ง์๊ฐ ์ ์ ์๋ค.
In a patriarchal society, a clear vertical order is established between the father and the rest of the family.
ํ์ฌ๋ค์ ๋ฒ์ธ์ ์ข
์ ์ ๋ค์ซ์ผ๋ฉฐ ์์ฌ๋ง์ ์ขํ ๊ฐ๋ค.
The detectives tracked the criminal's whereabouts, closing in the net of the investigation.
์ข
์
jongjeon
previous, former
์ด ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ข
์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ ๊ทน๋ณตํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋์๋ค.
This technology was developed to overcome the problems of the previous method.
์ข
์ ํ์ ๋ง์์ ๋งค์ฐ ํฉํํ๊ณ ์ฐธ๋ดํ๋ค.
The village after the end of the war was very devastated and miserable.
์ฃผ๊ด
jugwan
hosting, organizing
์ด๋ฒ ๋ฐ๋ํ๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ด ์ฃผ๊ด์ ํ์ฌ ์ค๋นํ๊ฒ ๋์๋ค.
This expo came to be organized and prepared by our team.
์ด๋ค ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ํ ํ๊ฐ์๋ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ธ์ ์ฃผ๊ด์ด ์์ผ ์๋ฐ์ ์๋ค.
An individual's subjective view inevitably gets mixed into their evaluation of any issue.
์ฃผ๋ฅ
juryu
mainstream
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ฃผ๋ฅ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๋ ๊ฐ๋ณ๋๋ก๋ฅผ ์์ํ๊ฒ ๋ฌ๋ ธ๋ค.
We drove briskly along the riverside road that follows the river's main stream.
์ด ์๋น์ ์ฃผ๋ฅ๋ฅผ ํ๋งคํ์ง ์๋๋ค.
This restaurant does not sell alcoholic beverages.
์ฃผ์ฌ
jujae
presiding, leading
์ ๊ฑฐ ์ดํ ์๋ก์ด ํ์ํ์ฅ ์ฃผ์ฌ์ ์ฒซ ํ์๊ฐ ์ด๋ ธ๋ค.
After the election, the first meeting presided over by the new student council president was held.
๋
ธ์กฐ์ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์ฃผ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง๊ธฐ ์ํด ํ์ฌ๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์ถ์
๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ซ์๋ค.
The company closed all entrances to prevent the union from staying in the building.
์ฃผ์ข
jujong
the main one, principal thing
๋จ์ชฝ ์ง์ญ์ ํ์ผ๊ฐ ๋ง์ ์๋์ฌ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ข
์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๋ฌํ์๋ค.
The southern region has many plains, so rice farming developed as the main industry.
์๋ฐ์ง ์๋ค๊ณผ ์ข
์ ์ฃผ์ข
์ฌ์ด์์ง๋ง ์นํ์ ์ฒ๋ผ ์ง๋๋ค.
The nobleman's son and the servant had a master-servant relationship, but they lived like real brothers.
์ฃผ์ฒด
juche
handling, dealing with
๋๋ ๋ฐ๋ ค์ค๋ ์ฌํ์ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ ์ ์์๋ค.
I couldn't handle the sorrow that came flooding in.
์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ ์ง๋ฐฉ ์์น ๋จ์ฒด์ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ก์ ์์์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ๋ค.
As a key member of the local self-governing body, the resident took part in the city council election.
์ค์ํ๋ค
junsuhada
to observe, to comply with (rules)
๊ตญ์ ์กฐ์ฝ์ ์ค์ํ์ง ์์ผ๋ฉด ๊ตญ์ ์ ๋ถ์์ ํ๋ง๋ฆด ์์ง๊ฐ ์๋ค.
If you don't observe international treaties, you could get caught up in international disputes.
์๋ฒ์ง๋ ์ค์ญ์ด ๋์ ์ฐ์ธ์๋ ์ค์ํ ํ์ฑ๋ฅผ ์๋ํ์ ๋ค.
My father is proud of his attractive appearance even though he's past fifty.
์ค๋
jungdae
significant, important
์ด์ฅ์ ๋ถ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ์ธํ ๋ํ์ ์์
๊ฑฐ๋ถ ์ฌํ์ ๋ํด ์ฌ์์ด๋ผ๋ ์ค๋ ๊ฒฐ๋จ์ ๋ด๋ ธ๋ค.
The president made the significant decision to resign over the class boycott caused by the rigged election.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค๋๋ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ ํ์ ์๋๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋์ด ์๋ค.
Our company consists of three subordinate platoons.
์ค๋
jungdo
the middle (of a process)
๊ฐ์์ค๋ฌ์ด ๋ณ์ ์ฌ๋ฐ๋ก ๊ทธ๋ ํ๋ ์ผ์ ์ค๋์ ๊ทธ๋ง๋ ์๋ฐ์ ์์๋ค.
Because of a sudden relapse of his illness, he had no choice but to quit what he was doing midway.
๋น ๋ํ ์์์ ์ข์ต์ด๋ ์ฐ์ต์ด ์๋ ์ค๋ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์งํฅํ๊ฒ ๋ค๊ณ ๋ฐํ๋ค.
The party leader announced that they would pursue a centrist policy, neither left-wing nor right-wing.
์ค๋ณต
jungbok
duplication, overlap
์ ํ ์ค๋ณต ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ๋ง๊ธฐ ์ํด์ ๊ฐ ๋ถ์์์๋ ๊ณํ์๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ ํ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ๋ค.
To prevent duplicate product development, each department decided to share their plans.
๋์ด์์ ์ค๋ณต ๋์์๋ ๊น๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ ํ์ฐฝ์ด์๋ค.
In the countryside, weeding was in full swing even in the heat of jungbok.
์คํ
junghyeong
mid-size
์ํ ์ํ์ด์๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ํ์ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ๋์ด ์คํ ์ํ์ผ๋ก ์ฑ์ฅํ์๋ค.
Our bank, which used to be a small bank, grew into a mid-size bank as customers increased.
๊ฐ๋ ํ์๋ก ๊ตฌ์๋ ๊น ์จ์๊ฒ ์ง์ญ ์ค ๋
์ ์คํ์ด ์ ๊ณ ๋์๋ค.
Mr. Kim, who was detained on robbery charges, was sentenced to a heavy punishment of five years in prison.
์ง๊ฒฝ
jigyeong
border, boundary
๊ต๋์๋ฅผ ํ์ถํ ์ฃ์๋ค์ ์ฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ง๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ง์ณค๋ค.
The prisoners who escaped from prison quickly fled beyond the border.
๋์์ ๋๊ฐ ์
์ด ๊ฐ๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ผ๋ก ๊น์ด ์ ๋ค์๋ค.
My younger sibling was sleeping so deeply that they wouldn't have noticed even if someone had carried them off.
์ง๋ช
jimyeong
name of a place
์ด ์ง๋๋ ์๋กญ๊ฒ ๋ฐ๋ ์ง๋ช
์ด ์ ํ ์๋ค.
This map has the newly changed place names written on it.
๊น ์์์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋น์ ๋ํต๋ น ํ๋ณด๋ก ์ง๋ช
์ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
Representative Kim received the nomination as our party's presidential candidate.
์ง์ฐ
jiyeon
regionalism, regional ties
์ฌ๋์ ๋ฝ์ ์ธ ๋์๋ ํ์ฐ์ด๋ ์ง์ฐ๋ณด๋ค ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋จผ์ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ค.
When hiring people, ability should be considered before blood ties or regional connections.
๋ถ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ํํธ์ ๊ณต์ฌ ์ง์ฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋ด๋
์ ์ด์ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ ์ ์๊ฒ ๋์๋ค.
Because of the construction delay on the apartment I bought, I won't be able to move in next year.
์ง์ฅ
jijang
impediment
์ผ์ธ์์ ํ๋ ์ฒด์ก ์์
์ ๋ ์จ์ ์ง์ฅ์ ๋ง์ด ๋ฐ๋๋ค.
Outdoor P.E. classes are greatly affected by weather-related impediments.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ์์๋ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋ฑ๋ก์ฆ์ ๋ง๋ค ๋ ์๊ฐ๋ฝ์ผ๋ก ์ง์ฅ์ ์ฐ์ด์ผ ํ๋ค.
In our country, you must stamp your fingerprint when making a resident registration card.
์ง์ง
jiji
support
๊ทธ๋ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ ์ ์ธ ์ง์ง๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ ๋ํต๋ น์ ๋น์ ๋์๋ค.
He was elected president with the full support of the people.
ํ ๋ฌป์ด ์๋ ๊ฑด ์ง์ง์ผ.
Whatever has dirt on it is 'dirty'.
์ง์
jikjjeop
in person; directly
๋๋ ๋ฐ๋ฌผ๊ด์์ ์ ๋ฌผ์ ์ง์ ๋ณด์๋ค.
I saw the artifacts in person at the museum.
์ง์ ๊ฒฝํํ ๊ฒ์ ์์ด๋ค์๊ฒ ์ํ์ง ์๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅด์นจ์ ์ค๋ค.
A directly experienced relationship gives children a lesson they never forget.
์ง์
jinsang
truth; reality
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ์ด์ธ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์ง์์ ๋ฐํ๋ค.
The police revealed the truth of the murder case.
์๊ธ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ ์ง์์ ๋น๋ถ๊ฐ ๊ธํ๋ค๊ณ ๋ช
ํ๋ค.
The king ordered that offerings of meat be forbidden for the time being.
์ง์ง
jinji
fort; outpost; camp
์ ๋ถ๋ ๋ถ์์ด ์ผ์ด๋๋ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ์ง์ญ์ ์ง์ง๋ฅผ ์ค์นํ๋ค.
The government set up an outpost in the border area where the conflict was occurring.
์๋ฒ๋ ์์ด ์ ์ข์ผ์
์ ์ง์ง๋ก ์ฃฝ์ ๋์์ด์.
Since Father's stomach wasn't well, I cooked porridge for his meal.
์ง์ง
jinjja
authentic; the real thing
๋๋ ์ด๋ฒ๋ง์ ๊ฑฐ์ง๋ง์์ด ๋์์ ๋ง์ด ์ง์ง๋ผ๊ณ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ ์ถ์๋ค.
Just this once, I wanted to believe that my liar of a younger sibling's words were the real thing.
๋๋ ์ง์ง ํค์ด์ง๊ฒ ๋ค๋ ์ฌ์ ์น๊ตฌ์ ๋ง์ด ์ฌ์ค์ฒ๋ผ ๋ค๋ฆฌ์ง ์์๋ค.
My girlfriend's words that she was really going to break up with me didn't sound real.
์ชผ๋ค
jjoda
fool; simpleton (mildly derogatory slang)
์์ด๋ค์ด ์ด๋ฆฌ์ํ ๋จ์์ ๋ฅผ ์ชผ๋ค๋ผ๊ณ ๋๋ฆฐ๋ค.
The kids tease the clueless boy, calling him a fool.
์๋ค์ด ๋๋ญ๊ฐ์ง์ ๋ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ด๋งค๋ฅผ ์ซ๋ค.
The birds peck at the fruit hanging from the branch.
์ฐจ๋ ท
charyeot
attention! (command)
์ฐจ๋ ท! ์ด์ค์ฌ์ด!
Attention! At ease!
์น๊ท๋ ์ฐจ๋ ท ์์ธ๋ก ํ๋์ ๊ฐ๋งํ ์ ์์๋ค.
Seunggyu stood still in the attention posture for a while.
์ฒ๊ธฐ
cheongi
sign in the sky (an omen or energy appearing in the heavens)
๋์ฌ๊ฐ ์ฒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋๋ ๋๋ผ์ ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฅ์น ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ๋ค.
After reading the signs in the sky, the sage said a crisis would befall the nation.
ํ๋ฒํ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ค๋ฌํ ์ฒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฆฌ ์์๋ค.
Ordinary people had no way of knowing the profound secret of heaven.
์ฒ๋ช
cheonmyeong
life span (one's destined length of life)
์ํ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ณ์๋ ํ ์๋ฒ์ง๋ ๊ธด ์ฒ๋ช
์ ํ๊ณ ๋์
จ๋ค.
My grandfather, who is nearly ninety, was born with a long life span.
์ด๋ฒ ์ฃผ์ ์ฅ๊ด์ด ๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ํ ์๊ฒฌ์ ์ฒ๋ช
์ ํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์ธ๋ค.
The minister is expected to proclaim their opinion on the legal amendment this week.
์ฒ๋ถ
cheonbu
innate ability; natural gift (something possessed from birth, given by heaven)
๊น ํ๋ฐฑ์ ์ํ์ ์ฒ๋ถ์ ๋น๋ฒํ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ฐ์ ์ค๋ช
ํ ์ ์๋ค.
Painter Kim's work can only be explained as an extraordinary innate gift.
์ฑ๊ฒฝ ๋ง์์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด ์ธ์์ ํ๋์ ๊ณ์ ์ฒ๋ถ๊ป์ ๋ง๋ค์์ต๋๋ค.
According to the Bible, this world was created by God the Father in heaven.
์ฒ์
cheonsaeng
something destined by nature (being born with a certain character or fate, or such a foundation)
๋ถ๋ถ๊ฐ ๋๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ํ๋๋ก๋ถํฐ ์ฃผ์ด์ง๋ ์ฒ์์ ์ฐ๋ถ์ด๋ค.
Becoming a married couple is a bond given by heaven, destined by nature.
๋ ์ฌ๋์ ์ฒ์ ์
์ฐ์ด์๋ค.
The two of them were, through and through, an ill-fated match.
์ฒ ํด
cheoltoe
retreat; withdrawal (an act of clearing out of a place and pulling back)
์ ๋ถ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋๋ผ ๊ตฐ๋์ ์ฒ ํด๋ฅผ ์๊ตฌํ์๋ค.
The government demanded the withdrawal of the other country's troops.
๋ฒ์ธ์ ํผํด์์ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ ํด๋ก ๋ด๋ฆฌ์ณค๋ค.
The criminal struck the victim's head with an iron club.
์ฒฉ
cheop
pack (a bound noun used to count bundles of Korean herbal medicine)
์๋ด๋ ํ์์์์ ์ฝ์ ์ธ ์ฒฉ ์ง์ด ์๋ค.
My wife had three packs of medicine made at the herbal clinic.
ํ ๋จธ๋๋ ํ ์๋ฒ์ง์ ๋ณธ๋ถ์ธ์ด ์๋ ์ฒฉ์ด์๋ค๊ณ ๋ค์๋ค.
I heard that my grandmother was my grandfather's concubine, not his legal wife.
์ฒฉ์ ์ด์ฌ์ ์ฌ๊ฒจ ์ฃผ์๋ ํฉ๊ณตํ์ต๋๋ค.
I am deeply grateful that you look upon me so kindly.
์ฒญ์ฌ
cheongsa
history; historical record
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฒญ์ฌ์ ์๊ฒจ์ง ์์ธ๋ค์ ์ด๋ฆ์ ์์ง ์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
We will not forget the names of the great figures engraved in history.
์ค๋ ์คํ ์ ๋ถ ์ฒญ์ฌ์์ ๊ฐ๋ดํ๊ฐ ์ด๋ฆด ์์ ์ด๋ค.
A meeting is scheduled to be held this afternoon at the government office building.
์ด์ผ
choya
wedding night (the night a bride and groom sleep together for the first time after marrying)
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ๋ถ๋ ๊ฒฐํผ์๊ณผ ์ด์ผ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ ์๋ ์๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์๋ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ๋ณด๋๋ค.
My spouse and I spent both our wedding and our wedding night in the US, where my in-laws live.
๋นํ ์ธ์์์ ํจํ ๋ฒผ์ฌ์์น๋ค์ ์ด์ผ์์ ์ด๋ฉด์ ๊ฐ๋ํ ์ํ์ ํ์๋ค.
Officials who lost the factional struggle lived in remote villages in poverty.
์ดํผ
chohon
first marriage (one's very first marriage)
์ดํผ์ธ ์๋ด์ ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋๋ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ ๋ฒ ๊ฒฐํผ์ ํ๊ณ ์ดํผํ๋ ๋จ์์๋ค.
Unlike my wife, for whom this was her first marriage, I was a man who had already married once and divorced.
์ด๋ฅด์ ๊ป์ ์จ์ ๊ฑฐ๋์์ ํ ์์ ์จ๊ฐ ์ง๋ถ์ ์ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ ์ดํผ์ ํ์
จ๋ค.
When the elder passed away, a man climbed onto the roof to perform the invocation of the dead.
์ถ๋
chuktto
benediction (a preacher's closing prayer asking God to bless someone)
๋ชฉํ์์ ์ถ๋๋ฅผ ๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ์๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง์ณค๋ค.
The worship service ended with the pastor's benediction.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ถ๋๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ํ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ํด ๋ฐฐ์ ๋ค.
We learned about the structure of a hanok by looking at the miniature drawing.
์ถ์ฌ
chukssa
cattle shed; stable (a building in which livestock is kept and raised)
์ด๊ณณ์ ๋ผ์ง ์์ญ ๋ง๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํค์ฐ๋ ์ถ์ฌ์ด๋ค.
This is a stable where dozens of pigs are raised.
์ง์๋ ๋์์ ๊ฒฐํผ์์์ ์ถ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งก์๋ค.
Jisu gave the congratulatory speech at her younger sibling's wedding.
์ถ์
chukjjeon
festival; celebration (a ceremony or event to celebrate an occasion)
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ณผํ ๊ธฐ์ ์ถ์ ์ ์ฐธ๊ฐํด ๋ค์ํ ํ์ฌ์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ๋ค.
We took part in the science and technology festival and joined various events.
๋ง์ ์๊ฐ๋ค๋ก๋ถํฐ ์ ์ํ๋ฅผ ์ถํํ๋ ์ถ์ ์ด ์๋ค.
Congratulatory telegrams for the exhibition arrived from many artists.
์ทจ์ฌ
chwisa
adoption or rejection
์์๋ค์ ํด๋น ์๊ฑด์ ์ทจ์ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ๋ก ์ ํํ์๋ค.
The board members voted on whether to adopt or reject the agenda item.
์ ๋
๋๊ฐ ๋์ ์ด๋จธ๋๋ ์ทจ์ฌ ์ค๋น๋ฅผ ํ์
จ๋ค.
As evening came, mother started preparing to cook.
์นํ
chiha
being under the rule of
๋๋ ์ผ์ ์๋ฏผ์ง ์นํ ๋ ๊ฒช์๋ ๋๋ผ๋ฅผ ์์ ์๋ฌ์์ ์์ง๊น์ง๋ ์์ง ๋ชปํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
I still haven't forgotten the sorrow of losing my country under Japanese colonial rule.
์ง๊ธ๋ถํฐ ๊ต์ฅ ์ ์๋์ ์นํ ๋ง์์ ๋ฃ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค.
From now, let's hear a few words of praise from the principal.
ํ์ผ
taegil
selecting one; choosing one
๊ทผ๋ฌด ์ง์ญ์ ์์ธ, ๋ถ์ฐ, ๋๊ตฌ ์ค์ ํ์ผ์ ํตํด ๊ฒฐ์ ๋์๋ค.
The work region was decided by selecting one among Seoul, Busan, and Daegu.
๊ฒฐํผ์ ์๋ ์๋น ๋ถ๋ถ๊ฐ ๊ธธ์ผ์ ์์ ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฒฐํผ ํ์ผ์ ํ์๋ค.
The couple about to be married looked into lucky days and chose an auspicious wedding date.
ํตํ
tonghwa
talking over the telephone
๋ถ๋ชจ๋๊ณผ ๋จ์ด์ ธ ์ง๋ด๋ ๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ์์ฃผ ํตํ๋ก ์๋ถ๋ฅผ ์ ํ๋ค.
Minjun, who lives apart from his parents, often checks in with them over the phone.
๋ฐ๋ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ํตํ ๊ธด์ถ์ผ๋ก ์ก์๋๋ ๋ฐ์๋ ํ๊ณ๊ฐ ์๋ค.
There are limits to curbing soaring prices through currency tightening.
ํตํ๋
tonghwaryang
telephone traffic
ํด๊ฐ ๋ฐ๋๋ ์์ ์ด ๋์ ์ด๋ ์ ํ ํตํ๋์ด ๊ธ์ฆํ๋ค.
As the year changed, mobile phone call traffic surged.
์ต๊ทผ ํตํ๋์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํ์ฌ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์์นํ๋ค.
Recently, the amount of currency in circulation increased, causing prices to rise.
ํน์ฌ
teukssa
envoy; special envoy
์์์ด ์ธ๊ต ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ํํ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ธ๊ตญ์ ํน์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋๋ค.
The prime minister sent a special envoy abroad to smooth over diplomatic relations.
๋ชจ๋ฒ์๋ค์ด ์ค ๋ช
์ ์ ๋ง์์ ํน์ฌ๋ก ์ถ๊ฐ๋์๋ค.
Model prisoners were released under a special pardon for the Lunar New Year holiday.
ํ
pan
occasion; scene
๋น๋ฐ ์ฅ์์์ ํ์ ๋ฒ์ฌ ๋๊ณ ๋ถ๋ฒ ๋๋ฐ์ ํ๋ ์๋ค์ด ๊ฒ๊ฑฐ๋๋ค.
Those who had set up an illegal gambling scene at a secret location were arrested.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์๊ฐ ๋ ๋ช
์ด๋ ํด์ฅ์ ๋นํด์ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ ์ง ํ์ด๋ค.
Two of our team's forwards were sent off, so we're in a situation where we're about to lose the match.
๋๋ ๋๋ฌด๋ก ๋ ๋๊บผ์ด ํ์ ๋ถ์์ง ๋ง๋ฃป๋ฐ๋ฅ์ ๋ง๋์๋ค.
I patched the broken wooden floor with a thick wooden board.
ํธ
pyeon
party; side
์์ด๋ค์ ํธ์ ๊ฐ๋ผ์ ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ค๋์ด๋ฅผ ํ๊ณ ์์๋ค.
The children were playing rubber band jump games, split into sides.
๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์์ฌ ์๋ ํธ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ ๋ด๊ฐ ์ฐพ๋ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์์๋ค.
When I went in the direction where the things were piled up, the item I was looking for was there.
์ด ์์
์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ๊ต ์ถํ๋ถ ํธ์ ์ฑ
์ ๊ต์ฌ๋ก ์ด๋ค.
This class uses a book compiled by our school's publishing department as its textbook.
ํ์
pyeongjeong
suppression; repression (of a rebellion)
์ธ์๋ ์์ด ์ฃฝ์ ๋ค์ ๋ด๋์ ํ์ , ์ ์์ ์ฌ๋๋ค.
After the king died, the crown prince suppressed the civil unrest and ascended the throne.
์ง์๋ ๋ง์ด ํ์ ์ ์๊ณ ๋ ๋ฐ๋ ๋ฐ๋์ ๋ง์์ ๋จ์ด์ก๋ค.
Jisu fell off the horse because it lost its composure and went wild.
ํ์ ํ๋ค
pyeongjeonghada
to suppress; to repress (a rebellion)
์์ ๋ฐ๋ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ค์ ํ์ ํ๋ฉด์ ์๊ถ์ ๊ฐํ์์ผฐ๋ค.
The king strengthened his royal authority while suppressing the rebel groups.
๋ถ๋ถ๋ ๋
ธ๋
์ ์๊ณจ์ ๋ด๋ ค๊ฐ ํ์ ํ ์ํ์ ๋ณด๋๋ค.
The couple moved to the countryside in old age and lived a peaceful life.
ํ์
pyosi
indication; marking (of notice content)
์ ๋ถ๋ ์ํ์ ์์ฐ์ง ํ์๋ฅผ ์๋ฌดํํ์๋ค.
The government made country-of-origin labeling on food mandatory.
๋๋ ๊ฐ์ฌ์ ํ์๋ก ์ง์๋ฅผ ์ ๋
์์ฌ์ ์ด๋ํ๋ค.
I invited Jisu to dinner as an expression of gratitude.
ํ์๋๋ค
pyosidoeda
to be indicated; to be marked
๋๋ ์ ํต ๊ธฐํ์ด ์๋ชป ํ์๋ ์ํ์ ๋จน๊ณ ์์ค๋
์ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋ค.
I got food poisoning from eating food whose expiration date was marked incorrectly.
๋์ ๋ง์์ด ์ด ์ ๋ฌผ๋ก ๋ฏผ์ค์ด์๊ฒ ์ ํ์๋๊ธธ ๋ฐ๋๋ค.
I hoped that my feelings would be well expressed to Minjun through this gift.
ํ์
pungsok
custom (a life habit handed down since old times)
๋ช
์ ์ ๋ง์ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์์ ํ์์ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ ๋์ด๊ฐ ๋ง๋ จ๋์๋ค.
For the holiday, games enjoying traditional customs were arranged everywhere.
์ฐ ์์์ ํ์์ ์ฌ๋ ๋งค์ฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์๋๊ฐ ๋์๋ค.
When wind speed was measured on the mountain, a very fast speed came out.
ํ๋ถ
pilbu
an ordinary man; a mere man
๋๋ ์์ด๋ค์ ์๋ฒ์ง์ด์ ํ๋ฒํ ํ๋ถ๋ก ์ฌ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ํ๋ณตํ๋ค.
I am happy to live as an ordinary man and father to my children.
์ด ์ผ์ ๊ตฐ๋๋ฅผ ๋ค๋
์จ ๋จ์๋ง ์ง์ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๋ฉฐ ํ๋ถ๋ ์ ์ธ๋๋ค.
This job is open only to men who have served in the military; ordinary women are excluded.
ํ์ฌ
hasa
bestowal; grant; royal award
์ ์์์ ์ด๊ธด ๊ตฐ์ฌ๋ค์ ์์๊ฒ ํ ์ง ํ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
The soldiers who won the war received a land grant from the king.
ํ์ฌ๋ ๊ตฐ์ฌ๋ค์ด ํ๋ จ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ ๋นํ๋ค.
The staff sergeant reorganized the weapons the soldiers would use for training.
ํฉ๋นํ๋ค
hapttanghada
merge; consolidate (political parties)
๋ ์ผ๋น์ด ํฉ๋นํ๊ฒ ๋ค๊ณ ์ ์ธํ๋ค.
The two opposition parties declared that they would merge.
๊ทธ๋ ํฉ๋นํ ์ด์ ๋ ์์ด ํด๊ณ ๋์๋ค.
He was fired without a reasonable cause.
ํฉ์๋๋ค
habuidoeda
be agreed; be settled
์๊ธ์ ๋ค์ ๋ฌ๋ถํฐ ์ผ์ญ ํผ์ผํธ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ํ๊ธฐ๋ก ํฉ์๋์๋ค.
It was agreed that salaries would increase by 30% starting next month.
์ด๋ฒ ์ดํ์์๋ ์ ์์ ์ ์ถ์ ๋ํ ์๊ฑด์ด ํฉ์๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
At this general meeting, the agenda for the election of new executives will be discussed.
ํฉ์ํ๋ค
habuihada
agree; settle; reach a deal
์๊ตญ์ด ์ด์ญ ๋
๊ฐ์ ํด์ ์ ํฉ์ํ์๋ค.
The two countries agreed to a twenty-year truce.
ํ์ฌ ์ธก์ ๋
ธ๋์ ๋ํ๋ค๊ณผ ๋ง๋์ ๊ธ์ฌ ์ธ์์ ๋ํ์ฌ ํฉ์ํ์๋ค.
The company met with worker representatives and discussed the salary increase.
ํญ๋ณ
hangbyeon
protest; complaint
ํ์ฌ์ ๋ถ๋น ํด๊ณ ์ ๋ฐ๋ฐํ๋ ๋
ธ๋์๋ค์ ํญ๋ณ์ด ๊ณณ๊ณณ์์ ํฐ์ ธ ๋์๋ค.
Protests from workers against the company's unfair dismissal broke out everywhere.
๊ฐ๋
์ด ์ฌํ์ ํ์ ์ ๋ํด ํญ๋ณ์ ํ์๋ค.
The coach made a rebuttal against the referee's decision.
ํญ๋ณํ๋ค
hangbyeonhada
protest; complain
๋
ธ๋์๋ค์ด ํ์ฌ์ ๋ถ๋น ํด๊ณ ์ ๋ํ์ฌ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๊ฒ ํญ๋ณํ๋ค.
The workers protested fiercely against the company's unfair dismissal.
๋ฏผ์ค์ ์ ์๋์๊ฒ ์น๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ดด๋กญํ ์ ์ด ์๋ค๊ณ ํญ๋ณํ๋ค.
Minjun rebutted to the teacher that he had never bullied his friend.
ํด์ฒด
haeche
haeche (a plain, non-honorific Korean speech style)
ํด์ฒด์ธ '์์์ง', '์๋ป'์ '์'๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ด๋ฉด ํด์์ฒด๊ฐ ๋๋ค.
If you add '์' to 'yeppeuji' and 'yeppeo,' which are in the haeche style, they become haeyoche.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ ํด์ฒด๊ฐ ๋ฐํ๋ ํ์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ํ์ ์์๋์๋ค.
After the team's dissolution was announced, we each joined different teams.
ํ
haeng
line
์ค์ด ์๋ ๊ณต์ฑ
์ ๊ธ์จ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๋๊น ํ์ด ์ ์ ๋น๋ค์ด์ง๋ค.
Since I'm writing in a notebook with no lines, the lines are gradually becoming crooked.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ๋ถ๋ ์ฌ์ญ ๋
๋์ ์ธ์์ ํ๊ณผ ๋ถํ์ ํจ๊ป ๊ฒช์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์์๋ค.
My spouse and I have lived through both the good and bad fortunes of life together for forty years.
ํ์
hyeonsang
status quo; current state
๊ณ ๊ณ ํ์๋ ์ ์ ์ง์ ํ์์ ๊ผผ๊ผผํ ์ดํด๋ณด์๋ค.
The archaeologist carefully examined the current state of the ruins.
๊ณ์๋ ๊ฐ๋ญ์ผ๋ก ๊ณณ๊ณณ์์ ๋ฌผ ๋ถ์กฑ ํ์์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์๋ค.
Due to the continuing drought, water shortages occurred in many places.
์ฐธ์ ํ ์๋๋ฆฌ์ค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ๋ ํ์ ์๋ชจ์ ์๊ธ์ด ๋ฌด๋ ค ์ฒ๋ง ์์ด๋ค.
The prize money for the contest seeking a fresh screenplay is a whopping ten million won.
ํ์
hyeobui
narrow sense
๊ทธ ๋ง์ ๊ด์์ ํ์๋ก ๋๋์ด ์ ์๋ ์ ์๋ค.
That word can be defined by dividing it into a broad sense and a narrow sense.
์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ํ์๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ ์ฌ์์
๋๋ค.
This is a matter that was decided through consultation.
ํธ๊ตฌ
hogu
number of households; number of household members
ํ์ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ๋ํ๋๋ ํธ๊ตฌ์ ์ค์ ๊ฐ์กฑ ์ฌํญ์ ์ผ์นํ์ง ์์ ์๋ ์๋ค.
The number of households shown in administrative records may not match the actual family details.
์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ๋ถ์ด ๋ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ ๊ฐํ ์๋ค๊ฐ ์๋ฐฉ๋์๋ค์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ก ๊ฒจ์ฐ ํธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ์ด๋ฌ๋ค.
The citizens, trapped in the burning building, barely escaped danger thanks to the firefighters' rescue.
์๋ ๋ณด๋ฆฟ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์๋ ์์ ์๋ ํธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๋๋ก ๋ชป ํด ๊ตถ์ด ์ฃฝ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ ์์๋ค.
Back in the days of the barley hump, there were people who couldn't even eke out a living and starved to death.
ํธ๋จ
honam
Honam
ํธ๋จ ์ถ์ ์ธ ๊ต์๋์ ์ ๋ผ๋ ์ฌํฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐ์
จ๋ค.
The professor, who is from Honam, spoke with a Jeolla-do dialect.
์น๊ท๋ ๋๋งค๊ฐ ์๊ธ์๊ธํ๊ณ ์ธ์์ด ์ข์ ํธ๋จ์ด๋ค.
Seunggyu is a handsome guy with warm eyes and a good impression.
ํธ์ฃผ
hoju
head of a household
์ ์ฐ์ ๋ค์ ํธ์ฃผ์๊ฒ ๋ชจ๋ ์์๋์๋ค.
The inheritance was entirely passed on to the next head of household.
์ง์๋ ๋ํ ์กธ์
ํ ํธ์ฃผ๋ก ์ดํ์ฐ์๋ฅผ ๋ ๋ฌ๋ค.
Jisoo went to Australia for language study after graduating from college.
ํผ์
honjeon
premarital; before marriage
๋ถ๋ชจ๋์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ค์ ํผ์ ๋๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ํ์
จ๋ค.
My parents opposed our premarital cohabitation.
์์ฅ ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ด ๋ช
์ด ๋๋ ํ๋ณด์๋ค์ด ํผ์ ์ ๋ฒ์๋ค.
The mayoral election was a fierce melee among more than ten candidates.
ํํฉ
hwahap
a chemical combination in which two or more elements lose their original properties and form a new substance
์์๋ฌผ์ด ํํฉ์ ์ํด ์ฉ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ง๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ฐฉ๋ถ์ ๊ฐ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ค.
Preservatives are used to prevent food from rotting through chemical combination.
๋ํต๋ น์ ๊ณ์ธต ๊ฐ์ ํํฉ์ ์ด๋ฃฉํ์ฌ ์ฌํ๋ฅผ ์์ ์ํจ ํ๋ฅญํ ์ง๋์์๋ค.
The president was a great leader who stabilized society by achieving harmony between social classes.
ํํฉ๋๋ค
hwahapttoeda
to be chemically combined, losing original properties and forming a new substance
์์์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์์๋ค๊ณผ ์ ํํฉ๋์ด ํฉ๊ธ์ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋ค.
Mercury combines well with other elements to form an alloy.
๋ถ๋ชจ๋์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ ๋ค์ด ํํฉ๋์ด ์ฐ์ ์๊ฒ ์ง๋ด๋ ๋ชจ์ต์ ํ๋ญํ๋ค.
My parents were pleased to see us siblings being harmonized and getting along affectionately.
ํํฉํ๋ค
hwahapada
to chemically combine, losing original properties and forming a new substance
์ฒ ์ด ์ฐ์์ ํํฉํ์ฌ ์ฐํ์ฒ ๋ก ๋ณํ๋ฉด ๋ถ์์์ ๋ ๊ฒ ๋๋ค.
When iron combines with oxygen and turns into iron oxide, it takes on a reddish color.
์ด๋ฒ ํ์์ ํ์ฌ ์ง์๋ค๊ณผ ํ๋ฐ ์ด์ธ๋ ค ํํฉํ ์ ์๋ ๊ณ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์๋ค.
This company dinner became an opportunity to mix and harmonize with the coworkers.
ํ์
hwanyeong
welcome
ํด์ธ ์ ๋ช
์ธ์ฌ๋ค์ด ํ๊ตญ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ์ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ด๋ ฌํ ํ์์ ํ๋ค.
When famous figures from abroad visited Korea, the people gave them an enthusiastic welcome.
์์ค์์ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ ์์ ์ด ์ฃฝ์ธ ์น๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ ์๋ฌ๋ ธ๋ค.
In the novel, the protagonist was tormented by the phantom of the friend he had killed.
ํ์ฌ
husa
reward; compensation; show of gratitude
๋๋ ์น๊ท์ ๋์์ ํ์ฌ์ ๋ป์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ฌผ์ ํ๋ค.
I gave a gift as a show of gratitude for Seunggyu's help.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฌ์ฅ์ด ๊ทธ๋ง๋๊ณ ๋ ๋ค์ ํ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ ํ๋ค.
We worried about the aftermath of the president quitting.
๊น ์จ๋ ํ์ฌ๊ฐ ์์ด ๊ฐ์
์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ๋๊ฒจ์ฃผ์ด์ผ๋ง ํ๋ค.
Mr. Kim had no heir, so he had to hand the family business over to someone else.
ํ์
huwon
backing; support; sponsorship
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด์ก์์ ๋ง์์ด ๋ฐ๋ปํ ๋ง์ ๋ถ๋ค์ ํ์์ ๋ฐ์ ์ด์๋๊ณ ์๋ค.
Our orphanage operates with the support of many warm-hearted people.
๋๋ ์ด๋ ธ์ ๋ ์ง ๋ค์ ๋ธ๋ ค ์๋ ํ์์์ ๋๊ณค ํ๋ค.
When I was young, I used to play in the backyard behind the house.
์ฒจ์ฑ๋
cheomseongdae
Cheomseongdae (ancient Silla observatory)
๊ฒฝ์ฃผ์ ๊ฐ๋ฉด ์ ๋ผ ์๋์ ๋ง๋ค์ด์ง ์ฒจ์ฑ๋๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ ์๋ค.
If you go to Gyeongju, you can see Cheomseongdae, built during the Silla dynasty.
์ฒฉ๋ณด
cheopppo
intelligence (secretly gathered information)
์ ๋ถ๋ ์ ๊ตฐ์ ์ฒฉ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์
์ํ๋ค.
The government obtained intelligence on the enemy forces.
์ฒฉ๋ณด๋ง
cheopppomang
intelligence network
๊ทธ ๋๋ผ๋ ์ ์ธ๊ณ์ ์ฒฉ๋ณด๋ง์ ๊น์ ๋์๋ค.
That country has laid an intelligence network across the whole world.
์ฒฉ๋ณด์
cheopppojeon
intelligence war; espionage battle
๋์ ์๋์๋ ์๊ตญ ๊ฐ์ ์ฒฉ๋ณด์ ์ด ์น์ดํ๋ค.
During the Cold War, the espionage battle between the two countries was fierce.
์ฒฉ์
cheopjja
spy
๊ทธ๋ ์ ๊ตญ์ ์ฌ์ด์ง ์ด์ค ์ฒฉ์์๋ค.
He was a double spy planted in the enemy country.
์ฒซ์ธ์ฌ
cheosinsa
first greeting
์ ์
์ฌ์์ ์ด์ํ๊ฒ ์ฒซ์ธ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋ธ๋ค.
The new employee gave an awkward first greeting.
์ฒญ๊ต๋
cheonggyodo
Puritan
์ฒญ๊ต๋๋ค์ ๊ฒ์ํ ์ํ์ ์ค์ํ๊ฒ ์ฌ๊ฒผ๋ค.
The Puritans valued a frugal lifestyle.
์ฒญ๋
cheongnyeon
young person; youth
๊ฑด์ฅํ ์ฒญ๋
์ด ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ด ์ง์ ๋์ ๋ค์ด ์ฃผ์๋ค.
A strapping young man carried the heavy load for us.
์ฒญ๋
์ธต
cheongnyeoncheung
the youth (as a demographic group)
์ ๋ถ๋ ์ฒญ๋
์ธต์ ์ผ์๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๊ด์ฌ์ ๊ธฐ์ธ์๋ค.
The government paid attention to the youth employment problem.
์ฒญ๋ฃก
cheongnyong
Azure Dragon (guardian of the east)
์ด๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ๊ตด๋ ๊ณ ๋ถ ๋ฒฝ์์ ์ฒญ๋ฃก ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋์๋ค.
A painting of the Azure Dragon was found on the wall of the tomb excavated this time.
์ฒญ๋ฌธํ
cheongmunhoe
hearing (formal government inquiry)
๊ตญํ์์ ์ฅ๊ด ํ๋ณด์์ ๋ํ ์ฒญ๋ฌธํ๊ฐ ์ด๋ ธ๋ค.
A hearing on the ministerial nominee was held in the National Assembly.
์ฒญ๋ฐฑ๋ฆฌ
cheongbaengni
incorruptible government official
๊ทธ๋ ์กฐ์ ์๋์ ๋ํ์ ์ธ ์ฒญ๋ฐฑ๋ฆฌ๋ก ์๋ ค์ ธ ์๋ค.
He is known as a representative incorruptible official of the Joseon dynasty.
์ฒญ์
cheongwon
petition; request
์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์์ฒญ์ ๋๋ก ํ์ฅ์ ์ฒญ์ํ๋ค.
Residents petitioned the city hall for the road to be widened.
์ฒญ์์
cheongwonseo
petition (document)
๊ทธ๋ ์ ์์ผ๋ก ์ฒญ์์๋ฅผ ์์ฑํด ์ ์ถํ๋ค.
He formally wrote and submitted a petition.
์ฒญ์ํ๋ค
cheongwonhada
petition; request
์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์์ฒญ์ ๋๋ก ๋ณด์๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์ํ๋ค.
The residents petitioned city hall for road repairs.
์ฒญ์
cheongyu
request (to do something together)
์น๊ตฌ์ ๊ฐํ ์ฒญ์ ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์น๋ํ๊ณ ๋ง์๋ค.
I ended up agreeing because of my friend's strong request.
์ฒญ์ผ์
cheongiljeom
the only man (among women)
๊ทธ๋ ์ฌ์ฑ ํ์ ์ ์ผํ ์ฒญ์ผ์ ์ด์๋ค.
He was the only man on the all-female team.
์ฒญ์ฅ๋
cheongjangnyeon
young and middle-aged adults
์ด ์ง์
์ ์ฃผ๋ก ์ฒญ์ฅ๋
๊ณ์ธต์ด ๋งก๊ณ ์๋ค.
This job is mostly held by young and middle-aged adults.
์ฒญํ
cheongtak
solicitation; improper request
์๋ฐํ ์ฒญํ์ด ์ค๊ฐ๋ค๋ ์ํน์ด ์ ๊ธฐ๋์๋ค.
Suspicions arose that improper requests had been exchanged secretly.
์ฒด๊ฐ
chegae
replacement (of an official)
๋ด๋น ๊ด๋ฆฌ์ ์ฒด๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ณง ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง ์์ ์ด๋ค.
The replacement of the official in charge is scheduled soon.
์ฒด๋ฉด์น๋
chemyeonchire
saving face
๊ทธ๋ ๋์ด ์์ผ๋ฉด์๋ ์ฒด๋ฉด์น๋ ๋ฅผ ํ๋ ค๊ณ ๋น์ผ ์ท์ ์๋ค.
He bought expensive clothes just to save face, even though he had no money.
์ฒด์
cheje
system; regime
๋ ๋๋ผ๋ ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ ์น ์ฒด์ ๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
The two countries maintain different political systems.
์ฒดํต
chetong
dignity; face
๊ทธ๋ ์ด๋ ค์ด ์ํฉ์์๋ ์ฒดํต์ ์์ง ์์ผ๋ ค๊ณ ์ ์ผ๋ค.
He tried hard not to lose his dignity even in a difficult situation.
์ด๋ฉด
chomyeon
stranger; first meeting
๋ ์ฌ๋์ ์ด๋ฉด์ด์์ง๋ง ๊ธ๋ฐฉ ์นํด์ก๋ค.
The two people had just met for the first time, but they quickly became close.
์ด๋ฒ
chobeom
first-time offender
ํ์ฌ๋ ์ด๋ฒ์ธ ์ ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํด ํ๋์ ์ค์ฌ ์ฃผ์๋ค.
The judge reduced the sentence, taking into account that it was a first offense.
์ด๋น์
chobisang
state of emergency
๊ฐ์์ค๋ฌ์ด ํญ์ค๋ก ๋์ ์ ์ฒด์ ์ด๋น์์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋ค.
The sudden heavy snowfall put the entire city on high alert.
์ด์
choseon
being newly elected (for the first time)
๊ทธ๋ ์ด๋ฒ ์ ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ด์ ์์์ผ๋ก ๋น์ ๋์๋ค.
He was elected as a first-term lawmaker in this election.
์ด์
chojeong
starting one's job in a new office (historical)
์ด๋ฆฐ ์์ ์ด์ ๋ถํฐ ๋ถํจํ ์ ํ๋ค์ ๋ฐ๋ก์ก์ผ๋ ค ํ๋ค.
The young king tried to correct the corrupt officials from the very start of his reign.
์ดํ์ผ
chopail
Buddha's Birthday (8th of the 4th lunar month)
์ดํ์ผ์๋ ์ ๋ง๋ค ์ฐ๋ฑ์ด ํํ๊ฒ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋ค.
On Buddha's Birthday, lanterns are hung brightly at every temple.
์ด๊ตฌ
chokkku
urging; pressing demand
์๋ฏผ ๋จ์ฒด๋ ์ ๋ถ์ ๋์ฑ
๋ง๋ จ์ ์ด๊ตฌํ๋ค.
The civic group urged the government to prepare countermeasures.
์ด์ง
chokjjin
promotion; acceleration (of a process)
์ ๋ถ๋ ์ง์ญ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ด์ง์ ์ํ ์ ์ฑ
์ ๋ฐํํ๋ค.
The government announced a policy for promoting the local economy.
์ด๋
chonnom
country bumpkin (informal, mildly disparaging)
๊ทธ๋ ๋์์ ์ฒ์ ์จ ์ด๋ ์ทจ๊ธ์ ๋ฐ์ ์๋ฌ์ ๋ค.
He felt hurt being treated like a country bumpkin new to the city.
์ด๋จ๊ธฐ
chontteugi
country bumpkin; hick (informal, mildly disparaging)
๊ทธ๋ ์ธ๋ จ๋์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค๋ ์ด์ ๋ก ์ด๋จ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ ๋๋ฆผ๋ฐ์๋ค.
He was teased as a country bumpkin for not being sophisticated.
์ด๋ฝ
chollak
village; rural settlement
์ฐ ์๋์ ์์ ์ด๋ฝ์ด ์๋ฆฌ ์ก๊ณ ์์๋ค.
A small village was nestled at the foot of the mountain.
์ด๋ก
chollo
village elder
์ด๋ก๋ค์ ๋ง์ ํ๊ด์ ๋ชจ์ฌ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋๋์๋ค.
The village elders gathered at the community hall to talk.
์ด๋ฏผ
chonmin
villagers; rural residents
๋ ๊ฑด์ค๋ก ์ด๋ฏผ ์์ญ ๋ช
์ด ์ถํฐ๋ฅผ ์์๋ค.
Dozens of villagers lost their homes due to the dam construction.
์ด์ฌ๋
chonsaram
country person; rural dweller
๊ทธ๋ ์ค์ค๋ก๋ฅผ ์๋ฐํ ์ด์ฌ๋์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ค.
He introduced himself as a simple country person.
์ด๊ฒฉ
chonggyeok
shooting; firing (a gun)
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ ๋์ฌ์์ ๋ฒ์ด์ง ์ด๊ฒฉ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์์ฌํ๋ค.
The police investigated a shooting that occurred in the city center.
์ด๊ฒฉ์
chonggyeokjjeon
gunfight; shoot-out
์ํ ์ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ ์ด๊ฒฉ์ ์ฅ๋ฉด์ด ์ธ์์ ์ด์๋ค.
The intense gunfight scene in the movie was impressive.
์ด๊ณต๊ฒฉ
chonggonggyeok
all-out attack; full-scale attack
๊ตฐ๋๋ ์๋ฒฝ์ ์ด๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ๊ฐํํ๋ค.
The army launched an all-out attack at dawn.
์ด๊ถ๊ธฐ
chonggwolgi
general rally; mass uprising
์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ๊ฐํ์ ์๊ตฌํ๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ถ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ์๋ค.
The citizens staged a general rally, demanding reform.
์ด๋
chongdok
governor; viceroy (of a colony)
์๋ฏผ์ง ์ด๋
์ ๊ฐ์์ ์ธ ์ ์ฑ
์ ํผ์ณค๋ค.
The colonial governor carried out oppressive policies.
์ด๋์
chongdongwon
full mobilization
์ ๋ถ๋ ์ฌํด ๋ณต๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ํด ์ธ๋ ฅ์ ์ด๋์์ ์ง์ํ๋ค.
The government ordered the full mobilization of manpower for disaster recovery.
์ด๋์๋ น
chongdongwonnyeong
order of full mobilization
์ ๋ถ๋ ์ ์์ด ๋์ ์ด๋์๋ น์ ๋ด๋ ธ๋ค.
When war broke out, the government issued an order of full mobilization.
Practice for free in the app โ