๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท Hanguru โ€” Learn Korean

hanguru.app

โ† Back to the app โ† Browse all lessons

Korean vocabulary โ€” Society & Concepts 2

300 words from the "Society & Concepts 2" theme, with romanization, meaning, and example sentences where available.

๊ณต์ •

gongjeong
officially set (by the state)
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์œ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์ž ๊ณต์ • ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
As oil prices rose, the government presented a lowered officially-set price.
๊ณต์žฅ์žฅ์€ ์ œ์กฐ ๊ณต์ •์„ ์ž๋™ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The factory manager said he would automate the manufacturing process to cut costs.
์ด๋ฒˆ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†์ด ๊ณต์ • ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
This election was conducted fairly, without corruption or illegality.

๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค

gwahada
excessive
์š•์‹ฌ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฅด์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If greed is too excessive, it can ruin things.
๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
According to the law, the government can impose taxes on the people.
์žฌํŒ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง•์—ญ ํ˜•์„ ๊ณผํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The court imposed a prison sentence on the criminal.

๊ด€๊ณ„

gwangye
relationship
์Šน๊ทœ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์›๋งŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค.
Seunggyu has good relationships with his friends and has quite a few friends.
๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์—ฌ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The president called in economic experts from government and academic circles to discuss price stability.

๊ด€๋ก€

gwallye
custom
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„์— ๊ด€๋ก€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ๋ฐฑ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
After the wedding ceremony, my spouse and I performed the pyebaek ritual according to custom.
์„ฑ๋…„์˜ ๋‚ ์„ ๋งž์•„, ๋ฏผ์†์ดŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜› ๊ด€๋ก€๋ฅผ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
For Coming-of-Age Day, the folk village held an event reenacting the old coming-of-age ceremony.

๊ด€๋ณต

gwanbok
luck in officialdom
์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•ด ํŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ์Šน๊ทœ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ด€๋ณต์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
People said Seunggyu, who passed the bar exam and became a judge, had the luck of a born official.
์˜์˜์ •์€ ๊ด€๋ณต์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ถ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
The chief state councilor put on his official robes and entered the palace.

๊ด€์šฉ

gwanyong
official/public use
์‹œ์žฅ์€ ํ•ด์™ธ ์ถœ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด€์šฉ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๊ณตํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The mayor rode in an official vehicle to the airport for the overseas trip.
์ด ์ฑ…์€ ๊ด€์šฉ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ์—ฌ์„œ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค.
This book used a lot of idiomatic expressions in common usage, so it was hard to interpret.
์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋งํ•œ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์šฉ์„ ๋ฒ ํ’€์–ด ์šฉ์„œํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ๋‹ค.
My father showed me tolerance and forgave me for lying.

๊ตฌ๋ฉด

gumyeon
acquaintance
๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์žฅ์€ ์˜ˆ์ „์— ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฉด์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The store owner was an old acquaintance I had once been introduced to.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ˆˆ์˜ ๋ง๋ง‰์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The retina of our eye is made up of a spherical surface.

๊ตฌ์‹ค

gusil
duty, role
์ƒˆ๋กœ ์‚ฐ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋”์œ„ ์†์—์„œ ์ง‘์„ ์‹œ์›ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์‹ค์„ ํ†กํ†กํžˆ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The air conditioner I newly bought played its role well in cooling the house during the sweltering heat.
๋ฏผ์ค€์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ์ €๋Ÿฐ ๊ตฌ์‹ค ์•„๋ž˜ ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Minjun kept putting off handing in his homework under one excuse or another.

๊ตฌํ˜•

guhyeong
prosecutor's proposed sentence
๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ธˆํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ˜์˜๋กœ ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋œ ๊ตญํšŒ ์˜์›์—๊ฒŒ ์ง•์—ญ ์ด ๋…„์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜•์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Prosecutors requested a two-year prison sentence for the lawmaker indicted for taking money during the election.
๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๋ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์€ ๋พฐ์กฑํ•œ ๋ชจ์–‘์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌํ˜•์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์› ๋‹ค.
Contrary to expectations that it would be pointed, the shape of the star observed through the telescope was close to spherical.
๊ทธ ๊ตฌํ˜• ๋ผ๋””์˜ค๋Š” ์š”์ฆ˜ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Unlike modern products, that old-model radio had only a few functions.

๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ 

gukkkajeok
being national, being state
ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์€ ๊ธˆ์œต ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ธˆ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ธฐ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทน๋ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Koreans overcame national hardship together by holding a gold-collecting campaign during the financial crisis.
์˜จ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ด ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ์„œ ๊ธˆ์œต ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์‹œ๋ จ์„ ์ด๊ฒจ๋ƒ…์‹œ๋‹ค.
Let's all join forces as a nation to overcome national trials like the financial crisis.

๊ตญ๊ต

gukkkyo
diplomatic relations
๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ต ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์ดํ›„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ๊ณต์‹ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
For the first time since the two countries established diplomatic relations, an official presidential visit took place.
ํ™ฉ์ œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๊ต๋กœ ์„ ํฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The emperor declared Christianity the state religion.

๊ตญ์žฅ

gukjjang
director
๊ตญ์žฅ์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ด์ฐจ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The director took responsibility for this train accident and submitted his resignation.
์ „ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ๊ตญ์žฅ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์˜จ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์Šฌํ””์— ์ž ๊ฒผ๋‹ค.
The whole nation was sunk in grief throughout the former president's state funeral.

๊ตญ์ •

gukjjeong
government authorization
์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ •ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ • ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.
Elementary schools use state-authorized textbooks decided by the government.
์„œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ • ๊ณผ์ œ์ด๋‹ค.
Real estate policy for ordinary citizens is an important state affair.
์ „์Ÿ์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋ฉด ๊ตญ์ •์ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด๋‹ค.
If a war continues, the state of the country is bound to become unstable.

๊ตฐ

gun
gun (honorific for a young man)
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์Šน๊ทœ ๊ตฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ํ๋ฅผ ๋ผ์ณค๊ตฌ๋จผ. ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•˜๋„ค.
I've caused young Seunggyu a lot of trouble. I'm sorry.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฐ์—๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฉด์ด ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Our county has three eup and six myeon under it.
๊ตฐ์— ์ž…๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„๋“ค์€ ๋Š ๋ฆ„ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The son who enlisted in the military became a fine soldier.

๊ตฐ๋ฏผ

gunmin
soldiers and civilians
์„ฑ์— ์ ์ด ์นจ์ž…ํ•˜์ž ๊ตฐ๋ฏผ์ด ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์„ ๋ฌด์ฐ”๋ €๋‹ค.
When the enemy invaded the fortress, soldiers and civilians joined forces to defeat them.
๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ˆœํ™˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ์šดํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฐ๋ฏผ์˜ ํŽธ์˜๋ฅผ ๋•๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The county operates a free shuttle bus to help the convenience of its residents.

๊ถ

gung
palace
๊ถ ์ฃผ์œ„๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์‚ผ์—„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋“ค๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The palace was always surrounded by soldiers standing strict guard.
์žฅ๊ตฐ์€ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์•ž๋‘” ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ถ์„ ์˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.
The general had the soldiers, about to go to war, practice shooting the bow.

๊ท€์ฒœ

gwicheon
distinction of classes
์˜›๋‚ ์—๋Š” ์‹ ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ท€์ฒœ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์‹œํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–‘๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ์ฒœ๋ฏผ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
In the old days, the distinction between noble and lowly classes was taken so seriously that yangban and commoners could not marry each other.
์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ๊ท€์ฒœ์„ ๋ชฉ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Witnessing my father's death was an extremely painful thing for me.

๊ทธ๋‚ ๊ทธ๋‚ 

geunalgeunal
day-to-day, everyday
๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋™๋„ค์— ์ด์‚ฌ ์™€ ์ง€๊ฒน๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋‚ ๊ทธ๋‚ ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I had moved to a neighborhood where I knew no one and was spending each day tediously.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋™๋„ค ๋นต์ง‘์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‚ ๊ทธ๋‚  ๋งŒ๋“  ์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง›์žˆ๋Š” ๋นต๋งŒ์„ ํŒ๋‹ค.
Our neighborhood bakery only sells fresh, delicious bread made fresh every day.

๊ทผ๊ฐ„

geungan
recent publication
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘์€ ๋„์„œ๊ด€๋„ ์„œ์ ๋„ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„ ์žก์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ต ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค.
Our house is far from both the library and bookstores, so I can't see recently published magazines at all.
๊ณ ํ–ฅ ์นœ๊ตฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์— ํ†ต ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ด ์—†์–ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค.
A hometown friend hasn't been in touch at all lately, so all our friends are curious about him.
์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์•ž๋งˆ๋‹น์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์„ ์ž๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ๋งˆ์Œ ์•„ํŒŒํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค.
My father felt heartbroken as he cut the root and stem of the 20-year-old tree in the front yard.

๊ธˆ์ค„

geumjul
gold chain
๊ทธ๋Š” ํšŒ์ค‘์‹œ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธˆ์ค„์„ ์–‘๋ณต ์œ„์— ๋ฉ‹๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…”๋‹ค.
He wore his pocket watch's gold chain draped stylishly over his suit.
์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ๋Œ์ž ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์„ ์–ด๊ท€์— ๊ธˆ์ค„์„ ์ณ์„œ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
When an epidemic spread, people hung a straw rope at the village entrance to protect the village's health.

๊ธฐ๋ณต

gibok
praying for good luck
๊ทธ ์•„์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ ์„ ๋ชธ์— ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ณต์„ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณต ์‹ ์•™์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
That lady had the fortune-praying belief that carrying a talisman brings good luck.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณต์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊น”์•˜๋‹ค.
We laid out our mat in a flat place with almost no undulation.

๊ธฐ์›

giwon
origin; beginning (of an era)
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์› ๋…„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ๋‹ค.
We record history using the year Jesus was born as year one.
์‹ ๋„๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐ๋‹น์—์„œ ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด ๊ธฐ์›์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
The worshippers offered up sincere prayers at the chapel.
ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํ›„์— ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋™๋„ค ๊ธฐ์›์—์„œ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋‘‘์„ ๋‘์…จ๋‹ค.
In the afternoon, Grandfather played a game of go for stakes with his friends at the neighborhood go club.

๊ธฐ์ธต

gicheung
foundation (of society)
์ •์น˜์ธ์€ ์„œ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์ธต ์—ฌ๋ก ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Politicians must communicate with ordinary people and work to accurately read grassroots public opinion.
๋ˆˆ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ธต์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋…น์•„์„œ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
As snow falls, if it meets a warm atmospheric layer, it can melt and turn into rain.

๋‚œ๊ตญ

nanguk
crisis, chaos, difficult situation (social)
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋‚œ๊ตญ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The government announced measures to overcome the economic crisis.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ œ์ผ ์•ผ๋‹น ์ด์žฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋‚œ๊ตญ์„ ์ˆ˜์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ›„๋ณด ๋‹จ์ผํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
As the leader of the main opposition party, he decided to push for a unified candidate to resolve the current political crisis.

๋‚ด์ •

naejeong
deciding secretly, informal decision
์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์‹ฌ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฉฐ๋А๋ฆฟ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์ •์„ ํ•ด ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‹ค.
My mother had secretly already decided on Jisu as her future daughter-in-law.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋‚ด์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ๊ฒฌ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
Other countries' interference in our nation's internal affairs has gotten even worse.
์ž…์‚ฌํ•œ ์ง€ ์ด์‹ญ ๋…„์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊น€ ๋ถ€์žฅ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋‚ด์ •์— ๋ฐ์•˜๋‹ค.
Director Kim, who had been with the company for twenty years, was well versed in its internal affairs.

๋‹ต์‚ฌ

dapssa
reply speech (at a ceremony)
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ํ™˜์˜์‚ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์›ƒ ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
Following our president's welcome speech, the neighboring country's prime minister's reply speech followed.
์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋‹ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋…€์™”๋‹ค.
The teachers went on a preliminary field survey before the school trip.

๋Œ€๊ตฐ

daegun
large army, great force
์žฅ๊ตฐ์€ ์˜ค์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋Œ€๊ตฐ์„ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์ด์›ƒ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ์ณ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
The general led a great army of five hundred thousand and invaded the neighboring country.
๋Œ€๊ตฐ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ณดํ†ต ๋ง์•„๋“ค์ด ์™•์œ„๋ฅผ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Among the royal princes, the eldest son usually succeeded to the throne.

๋Œ€๋Œ€

daedae
successive generations
์ด๊ณณ์€ ์กฐ์ƒ ๋Œ€๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„์˜จ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋– ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
This is a place where ancestral generations have lived, so I can't easily leave.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๋Œ€๋Œ€ ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค.
Our family has farmed for generations.
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋Œ€๋กœ ํƒ„์•ฝ์„ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋งก์•„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
I was in charge of supplying ammunition to the battalion.

๋Œ€์ธ

daein
adult
๋†€์ด๊ณต์›์˜ ๋Œ€์ธ ์ž…์žฅ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค.
The adult admission fee for the amusement park went up significantly.
์ด๋ฒˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ธ ๋ฉด์ ‘ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์กŒ๋‹ค.
This survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews.

๋Œ€์ 

daejeok
big-time thief
์ข€๋„๋‘‘ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€์  ํ–‰์„ธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹Œ๋‹ค.
Despite being a petty thief, he acts like a big-time crook.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
He thought his opponent was no match for him.

๋„์ •

dojeong
provincial government
์ „๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋„์ • ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Every province in the country announced its own provincial government budget plan.
์ง€๋„์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๋„์ •์„ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฐจ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
Looking at the distance shown on the map, it seems it will take about an hour by car to the destination.

๋„์ฒญ

docheong
provincial government office
์ƒˆ ๋„์ง€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ทจ์ž„์‹์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋„์ฒญ์—์„œ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์ž„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The new governor held an inauguration ceremony and began his term working at the provincial government office.
๋น„๋ฐ€ ์š”์›๋“ค์ด ์ŠคํŒŒ์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์ฒญ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Secret agents are wiretapping in order to identify the spy.

๋™์„ฑ

dongseong
same surname
ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋™์„ฑ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์›Œํ•œ๋‹ค.
Since he has an unusual surname, he is very glad whenever he meets someone with the same surname.
๊ทธ ๋‘˜์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ถ™์–ด ๋‹ค๋…€์„œ ๋™์„ฑ ์ปคํ”Œ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ƒ๋Š” ์˜ํ˜น์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The two are always together, so they are sometimes suspected of being a same-sex couple.

๋™์–‘์ 

dongyangjeok
oriental
์ž์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™์–‘์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
The oriental way of thinking about nature is to accept nature exactly as it is.
ํ•œ๋ณต์˜ ๊ตด๊ณก ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณก์„ ์€ ๋™์–‘์ ์ธ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค.
The curved lines of the hanbok are one of the things that represent oriental beauty.

๋™์ง€

dongji
comrade
๋ฏผ์ค€์€ ๋™์ง€๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋œป์„ ๋ชจ์•„ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์šด๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Minjun joined his comrades and started a social movement together.
๋™์ง€์—๋Š” ๊ท€์‹ ์„ ์ซ“๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ‰์€ ํŒฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์„ ์‘ค์–ด ๋จน๋Š” ํ’์Šต์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
On dongji (winter solstice), there is a custom of making and eating red-bean porridge to drive away evil spirits.

๋™ํ–ฅ

donghyang
same hometown
ํƒ€๊ตญ ๋•…์—์„œ ๋™ํ–ฅ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์šธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Meeting someone from my same hometown in a foreign country made me so happy.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์™€์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
He is avoiding contact with the outside, so it's hard to grasp the trend of his activities.
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„์นจ ์ผ์ฐ ์ž ์—์„œ ๊นฌ๋‹ค.
I wake up early in the morning because of my east-facing window.

๋งŒ๋ฐฉ

manbang
every nation; the whole world
๋…๋ฆฝ์šด๋™๊ฐ€์˜€๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋งŒ๋ฐฉ์— ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐฑ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
As an independence activist, he made every possible effort to announce Korea's independence to every nation in the world.
์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ ์šฐ์Šนํ•œ ๊น€ ์”จ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์Šน์ž์ž„์„ ๋งŒ๋ฐฉ์— ์•Œ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
Mr. Kim, who won this game, announced to everyone that he was the true champion in this field.

๋งŒํ–‰

manhaeng
atrocity; brutality
๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ–๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งŒํ–‰์„ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ ๋„ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ ํ•œ๋งˆ๋”” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
He committed all sorts of atrocities, including torturing people horribly, and never offered a single word of apology.
๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ๋ถˆ์ด ๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒํ–‰์ด๋‹ค.
It was truly a blessing that a fire broke out in the building yet there were no casualties.

๋ช…๋ฌธ

myeongmun
beautiful passage; literary gem
๊ทธ์˜ ์‹œ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ช…๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ผฝํ˜”๋‹ค.
His poem was regarded as the finest literary work of its time.
๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊น€ ํ›„๋ณด์ž์˜ ์ง‘์•ˆ์€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ช…๋ฌธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ผฝํžŒ๋‹ค.
In that region, candidate Kim's family is considered one of the most prestigious families.

๋ช…๋ฌธ๊ฐ€

myeongmunga
noble family
๋ฏผ ์”จ์˜ ์นœ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ผ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋Œ€๋ถ€ ๋ช…๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜€๋‹ค.
Mr. Min's paternal family was a noble scholar-official family whose members had passed the state exam for three generations in a row.
์˜›๋‚  ํ•œ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ช…๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๊ธ€์ด ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ์ „์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
A piece of writing by a fine writer from long ago is on display at the museum.

๋ฌด๋ ฅ

muryeok
military force
๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ์•…ํ™”๋˜์–ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์กŒ๋‹ค.
The relationship between the two countries gradually worsened and eventually spread into an armed conflict.
๋ฐ• ๊ณผ์žฅ์€ ์ง€์นœ ๋ชธ์„ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์ง‘์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋ฉด ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์— ๋น ์ง€๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Manager Park often fell into a state of powerlessness when dragging his exhausted body home.

๋ฌด์ 

mujeok
invincibility
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์€ ์น  ๋…„ ์—ฐ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ์—์„œ ์šฐ์Šนํ•œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋ฌด์ ์ด๋‹ค.
Our team is absolutely invincible, having won the league seven years in a row.
์ด ์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ํŒ€๊ณผ์˜ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ๋๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์  ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
This athlete's contract with the team ended, so he became unaffiliated.

๋ฏธํ’

mipung
good custom
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฏธํ’์„ ์ž˜ ์ด์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
We must carry on the various good customs of our society well.
๊ฐ•๋ฌผ์ด ์ž”์ž”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธํ’์ด ๋ถ€๋‹ˆ ๊ฐ•๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋”์—†์ด ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๋‹ค.
With the river calm and a gentle breeze blowing, the riverside is utterly peaceful.

๋ฏผ์ •

minjeong
civilian governance
๊ตฐ๋Œ€์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋ฏผ์ •์ด ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๊ธฐ๋ž€ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In a country where the military's influence is strong, establishing civilian governance is not an easy task.
๊น€ ์˜์›์€ ๋Š˜ ๋ฏผ์ •์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์„œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํŽด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค.
Representative Kim always takes interest in the people's living conditions and strives to develop policies for ordinary citizens.

๋ฐœ๊ธฐ

balgi
initiation
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํšŒ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •์น˜ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Several political organizations took part in our group's founding convention.

๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๋˜๋‹ค

balgidoeda
be initiated
๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€์ž ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด ์•„๊ปด ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์šด๋™์ด ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
As the economy worsened, a movement to conserve goods was initiated, led by the public.

๋ฐœ๊ธฐํ•˜๋‹ค

balgihada
initiate
๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ ํ›„์— ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šด๋™์„ ๋ฐœ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚œ๊ด€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค.
That country has overcome hardships by, among other methods, initiating a movement to maintain the people's spirit after the war.

๋ฐœ์ƒ

balsang
beginning; dawn; origin
์ธ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๊ฐ• ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.
The origin of human civilization mostly took place near rivers.
๊ณผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
Without boldly changing one's way of thinking, one cannot create something new.

๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค

balsanghada
begin; dawn; originate
์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Tracing back through history, today's Olympics originated in ancient Greece.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ ๋์— ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ž„ ๋งŒํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
After much deliberation, he came up with a surprising idea.

๋ฐฉ์œ„

bangwi
bearing; point of the compass
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์œ„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์€ ํ•œ์ฐธ์„ ํ—ค๋งค๊ณค ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Jisu has no sense of direction, so she often wanders for a long time on a road she's traveling for the first time.
๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ๊ตญ๊ตฐ ์žฅ๋ณ‘๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ์œ„ ํƒœ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๊ตณ๊ฑดํžˆ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง€์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The president instructed the military troops to further strengthen their defense posture.

๋ฐฉํ™”

banghwa
fire prevention
์ด๋ฒˆ ํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์กฐ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ™” ๋Œ€์ฑ… ๊ฐ•๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
Following this fire, working out fire-prevention measures for wooden cultural heritage sites has become urgent.
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฐฉํ™”๋กœ ์ง‘์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ถˆํƒ€ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค.
The house completely burned down due to someone's arson.

๋ฒ”์ธ

beomin
criminal; offender
๋“œ๋””์–ด ํ‰์•…ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ธ์ด ๋ถ™์žกํ˜”๋‹ค.
The vicious criminal was finally caught.
๊ทธ ์ฒœ์žฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ๋ฒ”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๋Š”๋‹ค.
That genius's way of thinking surpasses the thoughts of ordinary people.

๋ฒ•

beop
law; act
๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์€ ๋ฒ•์„ ์ง€์ผœ์•ผ ํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Every citizen living in Korea has a duty to obey the law.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ํ—ค๋งธ๋‹ค.
We didn't know how to read a map, so we got lost and wandered in the mountains.

๋ฒ•์ •

beopjjeong
court; court of law
๋ฏผ์ค€์€ ๋ฒ•์ •์—์„œ ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์„๋ฐฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Minjun was released after being found not guilty in court.
ํ™”๋ฌผ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฒ•์ • ์ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง์„ ์‹ค์–ด์„œ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
The cargo truck was fined for loading beyond the legally permitted capacity.

๋ณ€๊ฒฝ

byeongyeong
change; alteration
ํ† ์ง€ ์šฉ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
A change in the land's use is necessary.
์™•์€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ฑ์„ ์Œ“์•„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ์นจ๋žตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ นํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The king ordered five fortresses to be built so that other peoples could not invade the border region.

๋ณ‘๋ ฅ

byeongnyeok
military strength; troop numbers
์ ๊ตฐ์€ ์•„๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The enemy had twice as many troops as our side.
์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „์— ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The doctor carefully checked the patient's medical history before the surgery.

๋ณ‘์‚ฌ

byeongsa
military affairs
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ Š์€ ์‹œ์ ˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค.
He was interested in military affairs from a young age.
์™•์€ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
The king died not in war but from illness.
์„ฑ๋ฒฝ ์œ„์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋Š˜์–ด์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Countless soldiers stood lined up on the castle wall.

๋ณด์ขŒ

bojwa
assistance
๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์žฅ์˜ ๋ณด์ขŒ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
He is in charge of assisting the president.
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์™•์ด ๋ณด์ขŒ์— ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค.
The new king ascended to the throne.

๋ด‰ํ•˜๋‹ค

bonghada
seal; fasten
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ด‰ํˆฌ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ๋ด‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
She put the letter in the envelope and sealed it.
์™•์€ ๊ณต์„ ์„ธ์šด ์‹ ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์˜์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ด‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The king enfeoffed the meritorious subject as a feudal lord.

๋ถ€์—ญ

buyeok
complicity in treason
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ ์ค‘ ์ ๊ตฐ์— ๋ถ€์—ญํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ˜์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.
He was accused of collaborating with the enemy army during the war.
์˜›๋‚  ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋ถ€์—ญ์— ๋™์›๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
In the old days, the people were mobilized for the government's compulsory labor.

๋ถ„๋‹จ

bundan
division into small units
ํ•™๊ธ‰์€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ„๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
The class was divided into five small groups.
ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์˜ ๋ถ„๋‹จ์€ ์น ์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The division of the Korean Peninsula has continued for over seventy years.

๋ถˆ๊ฒฝ

bulgyeong
disrespect; irreverence
๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฅธ ์•ž์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๊ฒฝํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.
He showed an irreverent attitude in front of the elder.
์Šค๋‹˜์€ ๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ ๋ถˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค.
The monk reads the Buddhist scriptures every morning.

๋ถˆ๋ฒ•

bulbeop
illegality; unlawfulness
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์ฃผ์ฐจ๋กœ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
He paid a fine for illegal parking.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ Š์€ ์‹œ์ ˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค.
He has studied Buddhism since he was young.

๋นŒ๋‹ค

bilda
pray; wish
์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I wish you good health wherever and whenever you may be.
๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•ด ๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์–ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋นŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ค๋…”๋‹ค.
The people of that country were so poor and had nothing to eat that they went around begging for food.

์‚ฌ๊ต

sagyo
false religion; cult
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ๊ต์— ๋น ์ ธ ์ •์‹ ๋„ ํ™ฉํํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Jisu was caught up in a cult for a long time, and it ruined her mental health and cost her her family.
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ต์— ๋Šฅํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ์ธต์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Jisu is good at socializing, so she knows many people from all walks of life.

์‚ฌ๋‹จ

sadan
corporation; association
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ ๋ชจ์ž„์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Our volunteer group went through several procedures and was converted into an association.
์ด๊ณณ์€ ์ „์Ÿ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ตญ๊ตฐ ์˜ค ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์ด ๋ถํ•œ๊ตฐ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์„ ๊ฒฉํ‡ดํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด๋‹ค.
This is the place where the 5th Division of the national army repelled two divisions of the North Korean army during the war.

์‚ฌ๋ฉด

samyeon
all sides
๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์ธ ์„ฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์ด๋‹ค.
That country is an island nation surrounded by the sea on all sides.
์Œ์ฃผ ์šด์ „ ์‚ฌ๋ฉด ์กฐ์น˜๋กœ ๊น€ ์”จ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์šด์ „์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Thanks to the amnesty for drunk driving, Mr. Kim was able to drive again.

์‚ฌ์ ˆ

sajeol
delegate; envoy
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์›ƒ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์นœ์„  ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
Our country sent a goodwill delegate to the neighboring country.
๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ฑ๋…„์ž ์ถœ์ž…์„ ์‚ฌ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•ˆ๋‚ด๋ฌธ์„ ๋ถ™์—ฌ ๋†“์•˜๋‹ค.
The store put up a notice declining entry to minors.

์‚ฌ์ง

sajik
political realm; the state
๊ทธ ์™•์€ ํ‰์ƒ ์‚ฌ์ง์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํž˜์ผ๋‹ค.
The king strove throughout his life to protect the political realm.
๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ๋‚˜๋น ์ ธ์„œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์‚ฌ์ง์„ ์‹ ์ฒญํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
He submitted his resignation to the company because his health had worsened.

์‚ฌ์ฐฐ

sachal
Buddhist temple
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‚ฌ์ฐฐ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
We visited an old Buddhist temple deep in the mountains.
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณต์‚ฌ ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ฐฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The government regularly inspected the safety management of the construction site.

์‚ฌํšŒ

sahoe
society
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
We live in a society where diverse people live together.
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งก์•„ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
She took on the role of hosting the wedding and ran it skillfully.

์‚ฐํ•˜

sanha
mountains and rivers; nature
๋†’์€ ๊ณณ์— ์˜ค๋ฅด๋‹ˆ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋ˆˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด์™”๋‹ค.
Climbing to a high place, the beautiful mountains and rivers came into view all at once.
๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ์‚ฐํ•˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The institute is operated as a government-affiliated organization.

์ƒ๊ณ 

sanggo
commercial high school
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์€ํ–‰์— ์ทจ์งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
He graduated from a commercial high school and got a job at a bank.
ํ”ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ํŒ๊ฒฐ์— ๋ถˆ๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์— ์ƒ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The defendant, refusing to accept the verdict, appealed to the Supreme Court.

์ƒ๋ก€

sangnye
common practice; custom
์†๋‹˜์ด ์˜ค๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘์˜ ์ƒ๋ก€์ด๋‹ค.
It is our family's common practice to serve tea when guests come.
๊ทธ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „ํ•ด ์˜ค๋Š” ์ƒ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
In that village, they still follow the funeral rites passed down from ancient times.

์ƒ์„

sangseok
stone table of a tomb
์„ฑ๋ฌ˜ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฌด๋ค ์•ž ์ƒ์„์— ์Œ์‹์„ ์ •์„ฑ๊ป ์ฐจ๋ ค ๋†“๋Š”๋‹ค.
Every time we visit the grave, we carefully lay out food on the stone table in front of it.
๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋ชจ์ž„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ƒ์„์— ์•‰์œผ์‹ ๋‹ค.
At family gatherings, grandfather always sits in the seat of honor.

์ƒ์†Œ

sangso
written petition to the king
์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ์™•์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ค ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋œป์„ ์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The official submitted a written petition to the king to convey his opinion.
๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์ธ์€ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์— ๋ถˆ๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The defense attorney, refusing to accept the verdict, is preparing an appeal.

์ƒ์ฃผ

sangju
residing
์ด ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋น„์›์ด ์ƒ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค.
This apartment is safe because a security guard resides there continuously.
์žฅ๋‚จ์ธ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์žฅ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ €๋‹ค.
As the eldest son, he became the chief mourner and held his father's funeral.

์„ ์‚ฌ

seonsa
prehistory
์ด ์œ ์ ์ง€์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ ์‚ฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํ† ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Many prehistoric earthenware pieces were found at this archaeological site.
์‹ ๋„๋“ค์€ ์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฌธ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ˆ์— ๋ชจ์˜€๋‹ค.
The believers gathered at the temple to hear the monk's sermon.

์„ ์–‘

seonyang
exaltation; promotion
์ด ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต๋ฌธํ™” ์„ ์–‘์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
This event is held for the purpose of promoting traditional culture.
๊ทธ์˜ ์—ฐ์„ค์€ ์• ๊ตญ์‹ฌ ์„ ์–‘์— ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
His speech played a big role in stimulating patriotism.

์„ ์ธ

seonin
predecessor; forerunner
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ ์ธ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
We must learn the wisdom of our predecessors and carry it forward.
๋งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์„ ์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์นญ์ฐฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The villagers praised him as a truly virtuous person.

์„ ์ •

seonjeong
selection; choice
์ด ๋„์„œ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ ๋„์„œ๋กœ ์„ ์ •์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
This book was selected as one of the year's best books.
์—ญ์‚ฌ์ฑ…์€ ๊ทธ ์™•์˜ ์„ ์ •์„ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์นญ์†กํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
History books have long praised that king's exemplary government.

์„ ํ–‰

seonhaeng
preceding; going ahead
์ƒˆ ์ •์ฑ… ์‹œํ–‰์— ์•ž์„œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Sufficient discussion must precede the implementation of the new policy.
๊ทธ ํ•™์ƒ์€ ๋งค์ผ ์„ ํ–‰์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค.
That student tries to practice good deeds every day.

์„ฑ์›

seongwon
member (of a group)
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒ€์˜ ์„ฑ์› ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
We all, as members of the team, need to join forces.
ํŒฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์„ฑ์›์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ์ ์„ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
Boosted by the fans' passionate support, they achieved good results.

์„ฑ์ „

seongjeon
sanctuary; holy temple
์‹ ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ฃผ ์ผ์š”์ผ ์„ฑ์ „์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
Believers gather at the sanctuary every Sunday for worship.
์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†์—์„œ ์ข…๊ต๋ฅผ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ „์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
Throughout history, holy wars fought over religion have occurred many times.

์†Œ๊ด€

sogwan
jurisdiction; charge (of a matter)
๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ์†Œ๊ด€์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
That matter is not under our department's jurisdiction.
์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ํŽธ์„ฑ์€ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ถ€ ์†Œ๊ด€ ์—…๋ฌด์ด๋‹ค.
Budget planning is a matter under the Ministry of Finance.

์†Œ๋ช…

somyeong
calling; vocation
๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์†Œ๋ช…์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
He worked hard to fulfill his calling as a teacher.
ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†Œ๋ช… ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The company submitted materials explaining the cause of the accident.

์†Œ์š”

soyo
being required; needed
์˜ˆ์ƒ ์†Œ์š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‹ค.
The estimated time required is two hours.
๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํฐ ์†Œ์š”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
A major riot broke out in that region.

์†Œ์ฒญ

socheong
request; petition
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์ฒญ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ถ€ํƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
He asked his boss for one favor.
์ง์›์€ ์ธ์‚ฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ์— ์†Œ์ฒญ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The employee filed an appeal (petition) with the personnel committee.

์ˆ˜๋ น

suryeong
local magistrate (archaic official)
์กฐ์„  ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜๋ น์€ ๊ฐ ๊ณ ์„์„ ๋‹ค์Šค๋ ธ๋‹ค.
In the Joseon era, local magistrates governed each town.
๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋ น์€ ๋งค๋‹ฌ ์ด์‹ญ์˜ค ์ผ์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.
Salary receipt happens on the 25th of every month.
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ž€๊ตฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๋‹ค.
He was known as the leader of the rebel army.

์ˆ˜์šฉ

suyong
acceptance
ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ์กฐ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The company discussed whether to accept the union's demands.
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋„๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ† ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The government proceeded with land expropriation for road construction.
์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์€ ์˜ค๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ด€์ค‘์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
This stadium can accommodate fifty thousand spectators.

์ˆ˜์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค

suyongdoeda
to be accepted
๊ทธ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
His opinion was accepted at the meeting.
๊ทธ ๋•…์€ ๊ณต๊ณต์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
That land was expropriated for a public project.
๋ถ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ทผ ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The injured were accommodated at a nearby hospital.

์ˆ˜์žฅ

sujang
burial at sea
์„ ์›๋“ค์€ ์ฃฝ์€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The sailors gave their dead comrade a burial at sea.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ™œ๋™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
He served as the head of this organization for ten years.

์ˆ˜ํ–‰

suhaeng
carrying out; performance (of a task)
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งก์€ ์ž„๋ฌด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ์„ฑ์‹คํžˆ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
He faithfully carried out the duty he was given.
์Šค๋‹˜์€ ์‚ฐ์†์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ์ „๋…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The monk devoted himself to spiritual discipline in the mountains.
์žฅ๊ด€์€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์—†์ด ํ˜ผ์ž ํ–‰์‚ฌ์— ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The minister attended the event alone, without an escort.

์Šน๋ณต

seungbok
monk's robe
์Šค๋‹˜์€ ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ์Šน๋ณต์„ ์ž…๊ณ  ๋ฒ•๋‹น์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
The monk entered the dharma hall wearing gray robes.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹ฌํŒ์˜ ํŒ์ •์— ์Šน๋ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
He refused to accept the referee's ruling.

์‹œ๋น„

sibi
right and wrong
๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์‹œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹คํˆฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The two people argued to determine right and wrong in the matter.
๊ณต์›์—๋Š” ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‹œ์ธ์˜ ์‹œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์›Œ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
A stele inscribed with a famous poet's poem stands in the park.

์‹œ์‚ฌ

sisa
hint; suggestion; implication
๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
His remark hinted at future changes.
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ ์‹œ์‚ฌ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฑ™๊ฒจ ๋ณธ๋‹ค.
He watches the current affairs news every morning.

์‹œ์œ„

siwi
protest; demonstration
์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๊ด‘์žฅ์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ์˜€๋‹ค.
Citizens gathered in the square and held a protest.
๊ถ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ํž˜๊ป ๋‹น๊ฒผ๋‹ค ๋†“์•˜๋‹ค.
The archer pulled the bowstring tightly and released it.

์‹œ์ •

sijeong
residential area; town
๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ์ •์—์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
He spent his childhood in a quiet residential area.
์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ทจ์ž„ํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ์‹œ์ • ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The newly inaugurated mayor promised municipal administration reform.
ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ด€ํ–‰์˜ ์‹œ์ •์„ ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The company promised to correct its wrongful practices.

์‹œํ–‰

sihaeng
implementation; enforcement
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ•์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค.
The new law will be implemented starting next month.
์ด ์‹œ๋Š” ์ฒซ ์‹œํ–‰๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค.
This poem gives a strong impression from its very first line.

์‹ ์ƒ

sinsang
personal circumstances; one's own affairs
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
He was reluctant to talk about his personal circumstances.

์‹ค์ •

siljeong
the actual situation; real conditions
์ •์ฑ…์€ ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์‹ค์ •์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Policy must reflect the actual conditions on the ground.
์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์™•์˜ ์‹ค์ •์„ ์—„๊ฒฉํžˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
History harshly judged the king's misrule.

์•ˆ์œ„

anwi
safety and danger, welfare
๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹์˜ ์•ˆ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Parents always worry about their children's safety and welfare.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์€ํ‡ด ํ›„ ์‹œ๊ณจ์—์„œ ์•ˆ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
After retiring, he lived enjoying peace and comfort in the countryside.

์•ˆ์ •

anjeong
stability (maintaining a consistent state without change)
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The government announced policies for price stability.
์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The doctor told the patient to get plenty of rest.

์•ฝ์ž

yakjja
the weak, a vulnerable person
์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์•ฝ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
We must protect socially vulnerable people.
'์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ'์˜ ์•ฝ์ž๋Š” 'ใˆœ'์ด๋‹ค.
The abbreviation for "corporation" is "ใˆœ."

์—ญ์ „

yeokjjeon
the front of a train station
์—ญ์ „์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
There are many shops in front of the station.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์€ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์—ญ์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Our team achieved a dramatic reversal.

์—ฐ๊ธˆ

yeongeum
confinement (being confined to a certain place and prevented from leaving)
๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์žํƒ์— ์—ฐ๊ธˆ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
He was confined to his home for a long time.
ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋งค๋‹ฌ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ ๋‹ค.
My grandfather receives a pension every month.

์—ฐ๋Œ€

yeondae
a regiment (a military unit smaller than a division and larger than a battalion)
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ์—ฐ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์˜ค ๋…„์งธ ๋ณต๋ฌดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
He has been serving in this regiment for five years.
์ด ์œ ๋ฌผ์€ ์‚ผ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค.
This artifact was found to be from the Three Kingdoms era.
๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹ธ์› ๋‹ค.
The workers emphasized solidarity and fought together.

์—ฐ์ƒ

yeonsang
older (than oneself); a person older than oneself
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚จํŽธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ธ ์‚ด ์—ฐ์ƒ์ด๋‹ค.
She is three years older than her husband.
๊ทธ ํ–ฅ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์„ ์—ฐ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
That scent made me think of my childhood.

์—ฐ์ค„

yeonjul
kite string (thread used to fly a kite)
์—ฐ์ค„์ด ๋Š์–ด์ ธ์„œ ์—ฐ์ด ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
The kite string broke and the kite flew away.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฐ์ค„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ทจ์งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
He got the job by using his connections.

์—ด๊ฐ•

yeolgang
the great powers (nations with strong international influence)
๋‹น์‹œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ด๊ฐ•์ด ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
At the time, several great powers tried to seize that region.
๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์˜ ์—ด๊ฐ•์— ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
The students focused intently on the professor's passionate lecture.

์—ด๋ถ€

yeolbu
a woman who kept fidelity to her husband
๋งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์—ด๋ถ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์นญ์†กํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
The villagers praised her as a woman of unwavering fidelity to her husband.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚œ ํ›„ ์—ด๋ถ€๋กœ ์‚ด์•˜์–ด์š”.
After his wife passed away, he lived as a man devoted to her memory, never remarrying.

์—ด์ค‘์‰ฌ์–ด

yeoljungswieo
parade rest (a stance with feet apart and hands behind the back)
๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์—ด์ค‘์‰ฌ์–ด ์ž์„ธ๋กœ ์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
The soldiers stood in the parade-rest stance.
๊ต๊ด€์ด "์—ด์ค‘์‰ฌ์–ด!"๋ผ๊ณ  ์™ธ์ณค์–ด์š”.
The instructor shouted "At ease!"

์˜์ง€

yeongji
a fief (in medieval European feudalism, territory over which a lord held rule)
์˜์ฃผ๋Š” ๋„“์€ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Šค๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
The lord ruled over a wide fief.
ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์˜์ง€๋กœ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋“์—ฌ ๋“œ์…จ์–ด์š”.
Grandfather brewed tea from lingzhi mushroom.

์˜ฅ๊ณ 

okkko
(honorific) another person's excellent manuscript
๋ณด๋‚ด ์ฃผ์‹  ์˜ฅ๊ณ  ์ž˜ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I read your excellent manuscript with great interest.
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์˜ฅ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ €์–ด์š”.
He suffered a long imprisonment for his independence activism.

์˜ฅ์‚ฌ

okssa
dying in prison (after being imprisoned for a crime)
๊ทธ ๋…๋ฆฝ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์˜ฅ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
That independence activist ultimately died in prison.
์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์˜ฅ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
The old prison building was turned into a museum.

์™•์ž

wangja
a prince (the son of a king)
์™•์ž๋Š” ์„ฑ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
The prince set out on a journey outside the castle.
๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์™•์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์–ด์š”.
In that country, the monarch held absolute power.

์™ธ์ 

oejeok
external (related to the outside of an object, organization, or group)
์™ธ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋‚˜์˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
The external conditions weren't bad.
๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ ์™ธ์ ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
That problem was purely external.
์„ฑ๋ฒฝ์€ ์™ธ์ ์˜ ์นจ์ž…์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ์›Œ์กŒ์–ด์š”.
The fortress wall was built to block the invasion of foreign enemies.

์™ธ์นจ

oechim
a shout, a loud cry
๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์‹œ์œ„๋Œ€์˜ ์™ธ์นจ์ด ๋“ค๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
The protesters' shouts could be heard in the street.
์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์™ธ์นจ์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
This country experienced foreign invasions several times.

์šด

un
fate, luck (a force beyond human control that determines one's life)
์ด๋ฒˆ ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฑด ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
I think I was just lucky to pass this exam.
ํ•œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์šด์„ ๋งž์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
When writing classical poetry, you have to match the fixed rhyme.

์šด๋ช…

unmyeong
destiny, fate (the predetermined course of one's life)
๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์šด๋ช…์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
The two of them met again, as if by destiny.
ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์šด๋ช…ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
My grandfather passed away last night.

์›์ˆ˜

wonsu
field marshal (the highest rank in the military)
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ ํฐ ๊ณต์„ ์„ธ์›Œ ์›์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
He became a field marshal after great achievements in war.
๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์›์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์‹ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
The head of state of that country decided to make an official visit.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ํ•ด์นœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์›์ˆ˜๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒผ์–ด์š”.
He regarded the person who had hurt his family as his enemy.

์›์กฐ

wonjo
originator, founder (the very first origin of something)
์ด ์‹๋‹น์ด ์ด ์š”๋ฆฌ์˜ ์›์กฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
They say this restaurant is the originator of this dish.
๊ตญ์ œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์›์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
The international community decided to provide food aid to that country.

์œ„์„ธ

wise
overpowering influence, dominance (power that makes others submit)
๊ทธ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์œ„์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
He threw his weight around within the company.
๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋ฌธ์€ ์˜ˆ์ „๋งŒํผ์˜ ์œ„์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
That family no longer enjoys the status and authority it once had.

์œ„์•ฝ

wiyak
breach of contract, breaking a promise
์œ„์•ฝ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ„์•ฝ๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
If there's a breach of contract, you have to pay a penalty fee.
์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์œ„์•ฝ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
In the experiment, half the patients were given a placebo.

์œ 

yu
existence, being (the state of existing)
๊ทธ๋Š” ์œ ์™€ ๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฒ ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
He pondered philosophically about existence and non-existence.

์œ ์„œ

yuseo
a will, testament (a document with one's final wishes)
ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์œ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ์…จ์–ด์š”.
My grandmother left a will before she passed away.
์ด ์‚ฌ์ฐฐ์€ ์œ ์„œ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด์š”.
This temple is famous as a place with a long, storied history.

์œ ์ง€

yuji
maintenance, continuation (keeping a state or situation as it is)
๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์šด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
To maintain your health, you need to exercise consistently.
๋งˆ์„ ์œ ์ง€๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์ถ•์ œ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
The local notables gathered to prepare the festival.
์•„๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋“ค์–ด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ด์–ด ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
The son carried on the business in honor of his father's dying wish.

์Œ๋ชจ

eummo
pubic hair
์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์Œ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์š”.
Pubic hair starts to grow during puberty.
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์Œ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
The police uncovered their conspiracy.

์˜๊ฑฐ

uigeo
basis, grounds (being based on a certain fact or principle)
์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๋ฒ•์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•ด์„œ ๋‚ด๋ ค์กŒ์–ด์š”.
This decision was made based on the law.
์•ˆ์ค‘๊ทผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ๋…๋ฆฝ์šด๋™๊ฐ€์˜ˆ์š”.
Ahn Jung-geun is an independence activist who carried out a righteous uprising.

์˜๋ก€

uirye
a ceremony, rite (a set format and procedure for holding an event, or the event held following that format)
๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์˜๋ก€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
The wedding was conducted following traditional rites.

์˜์›

uiwon
member of an assembly; assemblyman/assemblywoman
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜์›๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋กœ๋น„ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ฒŒ์˜€๋‹ค.
They lobbied the assembly members to maximize their political influence.
ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์—ด์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์†์ž๋ฅผ ์—…๊ณ  ์˜์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
Grandmother carried her feverish grandson on her back and rushed to the clinic.

์ด์˜

iui
objection
์‚ฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์ด์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The man raised an objection to the court's decision against him.
๊น€ ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ์ด์˜๋ฅผ ํ’ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Professor Kim's argument was so logically perfect that no differing opinion could be raised against it.

์ด์ 

ijeok
a miracle; a wondrous sign
์ •์ฒด๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋‚ด์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด์ ์ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‹ค๋…”๋‹ค.
Various miracles followed the mysterious man of unknown identity.
์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜์‹œ๋˜ ๋‹น์‹œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ํ˜ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ ์„ ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค.
When my mother got married, she transferred her name onto my father's family register.

์ดํ–‰

ihaeng
transition; shift
๋†๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์—… ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ์ดํ–‰์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
The transition from an agricultural society to an industrial one happened quickly.
๊ธฐ์ˆ™์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ •ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์˜ ์ดํ–‰์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ‡ด์‹คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Anyone who refuses to fulfill the rules set by the dormitory must move out.

์ดํ–‰๋˜๋‹ค

ihaengdoeda
to shift; to be transformed
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ–‰๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค.
People hope that the world will be transformed into a free place.
์ง€๋‚œ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์˜๋œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ํฐ ์ฐจ์งˆ ์—†์ด ์ดํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The matters agreed upon at the last meeting were carried out without major setbacks.

์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค

ihaenghada
to shift; to transform
๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ค.
The people hoped that the nation would transition to democracy.
๋ณดํ—˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์ดํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The insurance company fulfilled the compensation according to the terms of the insurance contract.

์ธ๊ฐ€

inga
house; dwelling
๋…ธ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์‚ฐ๊ณจ์—์„œ ๋…ธํ›„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The elderly couple decided to spend their old age in a mountain village with few houses.
๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํŒ€์€ ์ž„์›๋“ค์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The development team received authorization from the executives to make the product.

์ธ๋„

indo
sidewalk; pavement
์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ธ๋„๋กœ, ์ฐจ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋„๋กœ ๋‹ค๋‹Œ๋‹ค.
People walk on the sidewalk, and cars go on the road.
์ด๋ฒˆ ํญํ–‰ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง„ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
This assault case showed the severity of juvenile crime in which human decency has collapsed.
๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์œ ํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์•„๋“ค์ด ์‹ ๋˜ ๋‚ก์€ ๊ตฐํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ถ€์˜€๋‹ค.
The only keepsake handed over to her was a worn-out pair of military boots her son used to wear.

์ธ๋„๋˜๋‹ค

indodoeda
to be guided
๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊พผ์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ๋„๋˜์–ด ํ‡ด์ง๊ธˆ์„ ๋งก๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
He was led astray by a con artist and lost all his retirement money after entrusting it to him.
๋‚ฉ์น˜๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋””์–ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ํ’ˆ์— ์ธ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The kidnapped child was finally handed over into the arms of the family.

์ธ๋„ํ•˜๋‹ค

indohada
to transfer; to hand over
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ผ์ฒœ๋งŒ ์›์— ํŒ”๊ณ  ์ธ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
We sold the store for thirty million won and handed it over.
์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ํ•œ์ฐฝ ๋ฐฉํ™ฉํ•˜๋˜ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ๊ธธ๋กœ ์ธ๋„ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ๋‹ค.
My teacher guided me, who was wandering aimlessly, onto the right path.

์ธ๋ช…

inmyeong
a person's name
๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ „์—๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ๋ช…๊ณผ ์—…์ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
That dictionary records the names and achievements of historically significant people.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ๋ช…์˜ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We must teach children the preciousness of human life.

์ธ์ 

injeok
human; relating to people
๋‘ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ธ์  ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The two companies decided to cooperate technologically through human/personnel exchange.
์œ ๋™ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์‹ฌ๋„ ๋ฐค์ด ๋˜๋‹ˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์ธ์ ์ด ๋“œ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Even in the busy downtown area, once night fell, there were few signs of people on the streets.

์ž„์ž

imja
an owner
๋‹น์ฒจ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ž„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Everyone is watching to see who will become the owner of the prize money.
์ž„์ž, ์ž๋„ค๋„ ์„ธ์›”์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š™๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑธ์„ธ.
You, too, will grow old like me as the years go by.

์ž…๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค

ipkkakada
to be based on; to be grounded on
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
I tried to make the right judgment based on objective facts.
๋ฐ• ์˜์›์ด ์ƒˆ ์žฅ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ž…๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Assemblyman Park was appointed as the new minister, entering the cabinet.

์ž…ํšŒ

ipoe
joining an organization
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋™์•„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ ์ž… ํšŒ์›์˜ ์ž…ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งž์•„ ์— ํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
Our club went on a retreat to welcome new members joining.
๊ฑด์„ค ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์ž…์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ž…ํšŒ ์•„๋ž˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The construction company conducted a safety inspection in the presence of the apartment residents.

์ž๊ตญ

jaguk
one's own country
์ „์Ÿ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž๊ตญ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Starting a war would not have benefited one's own country either.
๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„ ๊ธธ์— ํŠธ๋Ÿญ ๋ฐ”ํ€ด ์ž๊ตญ์ด ์„ ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
After the rain, the truck tire tracks on the road were clearly visible.

์žฅ๊ด€

janggwan
minister (government official)
์™ธ๊ต ๋ถ€์„œ ์žฅ๊ด€์€ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ์™ธ๊ต์  ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋„ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๊ณ  ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The minister of the foreign affairs department must take responsibility for and resolve even minor diplomatic frictions.
์‚ฐ ์ •์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณธ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์žฅ๊ด€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The view of the city looking down from the mountain peak was truly a spectacle.

์žฌ๊ฐ€

jaega
remarriage
๊ทธ ์–ธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋‚จํŽธ ์‚ฌ๋ณ„ ํ›„ ์‚ผ ๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ์žฌ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒˆ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊พธ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
That woman remarried three years after her husband's death and started a new family.
๊ทธ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์‚ฌ์žฅ์ด ์žฌ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ๋ฌด์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
That good business plan fell through because the president did not give his approval.

์žฌ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค

jaegahada
to remarry
์ด๋ชจ๋Š” ์ดํ˜ผ ํ›„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚จ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
My aunt had no intention of remarrying another man after her divorce.
์‚ฌ์žฅ๋‹˜์€ ๊น€ ๊ณผ์žฅ์˜ ์‹ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ด‘๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํš์•ˆ์„ ์žฌ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค.
The president approved Manager Kim's proposal for the new product's advertising plan.

์žฌ๋‹จ

jaedan
judgement, ruling
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฌ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ํ•™๋ฒŒ๊ณผ ์ง์—…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ซ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I hated that the standard by which I was judged was my academic background and occupation.
ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ ์ค‘ ์žฌ๋‹จ์ด ์–ด๋А ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์„ค์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
You need to know which part of the company's assets has been designated as the foundation.

์ €์†

jeosok
vulgarity, coarseness
ํ‰๋ก ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ฐœ๋ด‰ํ•œ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๊ฒฝ, ์ €์†, ์™ธ์„ค์˜ ์ด์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Critics described the recently released film as a compendium of irreverence, vulgarity, and obscenity.
๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ €์†์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The airplane began flying at low speed in order to land.

์ €์ง€

jeoji
blockage, obstruction
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์ €์ง€๋กœ ํฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Thanks to the police's swift blockage, a big accident could be prevented.
๊ณ„์†๋œ ํญ์šฐ๋กœ ์ €์ง€์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์ง‘๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌผ์— ์ž ๊ฒผ๋‹ค.
Due to the continuous heavy rain, all the houses in the low-lying area were submerged in water.

์ €ํ•˜

jeoha
decline, drop
๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ ์งˆ์  ์ €ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The decline in the quality of weapons caused military strength to weaken.
๊ทธ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์„ธ์ž ์ €ํ•˜๊ป˜ ํ•˜์ง์„ ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ถ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
That official bid farewell to His Highness the crown prince and left the palace.

์ 

jeok
enemy
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜์ž ํŒฝํŒฝํ•œ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ๋Œ์•˜๋‹ค.
As they faced their enemy, a tense atmosphere hung in the air.
๊ฐ์„ฑ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์Šฌํ”ˆ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์šด ์ ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค.
Being an emotional person, I have cried many times while watching sad movies.

์ ๊ธฐ

jeokkki
enemy flag
๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ํœ˜๋‚ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The enemy flag fluttering in the wind was very threatening.
์„ธ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง„์˜์„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Three enemy planes began attacking our camp.
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ ๊ธฐ์— ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ‘์ด ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ๋‚˜์•˜๋‹ค.
I got treated at the right time, so my illness got better quickly.

์ ์ง€

jeokjji
enemy territory
์žฅ๊ตฐ์€ ์ ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ํ™œ์„ ๊ฒจ๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The general aimed his bow toward enemy territory.
ํ˜ธ๋‚จํ‰์•ผ๋Š” ๋•…์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์ ธ์„œ ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ธฐ์— ์ ์ง€์ด๋‹ค.
The Honam Plain has fertile soil, so it is the right place for farming.

์ „๊ฒฝ

jeongyeong
a view, a scene
์Šน๊ทœ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ „๊ฒฝ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
Seunggyu pictured the view of the city.
๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ง„์•• ์ž‘์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ฒฝ๋“ค์ด ํฌ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Riot police officers were sacrificed due to the excessive suppression operation.

์ „๊ถŒ

jeongwon
an entire collection (of volumes)
๋‚˜๋Š” ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์œ ํ’ˆ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฌธ์ง‘ ์ „๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
I am keeping the entire collection of my grandfather's writings, which were among his belongings.
์ด์‚ฌ์žฅ์€ ํ•™๊ต ์šด์˜์˜ ์ „๊ถŒ์„ ๊ต์žฅ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ„์ž„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The board chairman delegated full authority over school management to the principal.
ํ™ฉ์ œ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์ „๊ถŒ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The emperor exercised absolute power in policy decisions.

์ „๋„

jeondo
a full map
์บ ํผ์Šค ์ „๋„์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
I looked for our department building on the full campus map.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์€ ์ฃผ์š” ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์ž‡๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋ง์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Our team's prospects were hopeless due to a series of injuries to key players.
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ ์ „๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๊ตํšŒ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Jisu started attending church after receiving my evangelism.

์ „๋žต์ 

jeollyakjjeok
strategic
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ „๋žต์  ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The government invested in developing strategic weapons.

์ „๋ ฅ

jeollyeok
combat power, fighting strength
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜€๋‹ค.
Our military purchased new weapons to strengthen its combat power.
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ์„ ์œ ์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€๋‹ค.
The government put in its utmost effort to host the Olympics.
ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์ Š์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค.
My grandmother has a past record of working as a singer when she was young.

์ „๋ฒ”

jeonbeom
a model, an example to follow
์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฒ”์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„๋„ ๋  ๋งŒํผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ธ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค.
The teacher has such an excellent character that all of us could take him as a model.
๊ธˆ์ง€๋œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฒ” ์žฌํŒ์ด ๊ณง ์—ด๋ฆด ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.
A war crimes trial for the soldier who used a banned weapon will be held soon.

์ „์‚ฌ

jeonsa
copying, transcribing
์˜› ๋ฌธ์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ „์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—†์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
In the process of many people copying old documents, the content sometimes gets changed or lost.
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ๋กœ ํŒŒ๋ณ‘๋œ ์‚ผ์ดŒ์˜ ์ „์‚ฌ ์†Œ์‹์„ ์ „ํ•ด ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜๋ ธ๋‹ค.
Jisu shed tears upon hearing the news of her uncle's death in the war after he was deployed overseas.

์ „์ˆ ์ 

jeonsuljeok
tactical
์ด๋ฒˆ์˜ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ์ฐŒ๋ฅธ ์ „์ˆ ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ ์ค‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
This victory can be said to be the result of a tactical change that caught the opponent off guard hitting the mark.

์ „์Šน

jeonseung
winning every match, a sweep
๊ทธ ์ถ•๊ตฌํŒ€์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ํŒ” ์ „ ์ „์Šน์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ์„  ์ง„์ถœ์ด ํ™•์ •๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค.
That soccer team has currently won all eight matches and has secured its spot in the finals.
๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์ „์Šน ๋ฏผ์š”๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์ž…์—์„œ ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ•ด์ ธ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Folk songs passed down among the people have been transmitted from mouth to mouth and are still sung today.

์ „์—ญ

jeonyeok
the entire region
๊ฐ• ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „์—ญ์ด ๋‚š์‹œํ„ฐ์˜€๋‹ค.
Almost the entire downstream area of the river was a fishing spot.
์ „์Ÿ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ž ๋ณ‘์žฅ๋“ค์€ ์ „์—ญ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ค˜๋‹ค.
When the war broke out, the sergeants postponed their military discharge.

์ „์›

jeonwon
all; every member
์ž„์› ์ „์›์˜ ๋™์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ์•ˆ๊ฑด์ด ํ†ต๊ณผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The board agenda can only pass with the consent of all the members.
๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ „์›์ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ์–ด๋‘์›Œ์ง€์ž ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹นํ™ฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
People panicked when the power suddenly went out and it became dark.
ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์ „์›์— ์‚ฌ์‹œ๋ฉด์„œ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์™€ ์ƒ์พŒํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ์…จ๋‹ค.
My grandfather lived in the countryside, enjoying clean air and a refreshing breeze.

์ ˆ๋„

jeoltto
discipline; propriety
๊ตฐ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋ฆ„์ง€๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์— ์ ˆ๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A soldier should naturally maintain discipline in everything.
๊น€ ์”จ๋Š” ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๊ตด๋š์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋„ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ €์งˆ๋ €๋‹ค.
Mr. Kim climbed in through the house's chimney and committed theft.

์ ˆ์ถฉ

jeolchung
compromise; harmonizing
๊ธด ํšŒ์˜ ๋์— ๋‘ ์ฃผ์žฅ์˜ ์ ˆ์ถฉ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
After a long meeting, a compromise plan between the two positions was worked out.
์—ฌ์•ผ๋Š” ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ • ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ์น˜์—ดํ•œ ์ ˆ์ถฉ์„ ๋ฒŒ์˜€๋‹ค.
The ruling and opposition parties engaged in fierce negotiation over the law revision issue.

์ •๊ฒฝ

jeonggyeong
politics and business
๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ •๊ฒฝ ์œ ์ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •๋ถ€ํŒจ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค.
During that period, many countries had a lot of corruption from collusion between politics and business.
๋Šฆ์€ ๋ฐค ์ธ์  ๋“œ๋ฌธ ๊ณจ๋ชฉ๊ธธ์˜ ๊ณ ๋…ํ•œ ์ •๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋…ธ๋ผ๋‹ˆ ๊ดœ์Šค๋ ˆ ์šธ์ ํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
As I gazed at the lonely scene of the deserted alley late at night, I felt inexplicably gloomy.

์ •๋ถ€

jeongbu
government
์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ๊ธฐ๋…์ผ์ด๋‹ค.
Today is the anniversary of the establishment of the democratic government.

์ •์‚ฌ

jeongsa
orthodox history; official record
ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†Œ์„ค์ด ์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์™œ๊ณกํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋น„๋‚œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Scholars criticized the historical novel for distorting the orthodox history.
์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋…ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšŒ์˜์‹ค์— ๋ชจ์˜€๋‹ค.
The politicians gathered in the meeting room to discuss national affairs.

์ •์ƒ

jeongsang
normality; normalcy
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ•™์‹ ๋‚ ์—๋„ ์ •์ƒ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Our school held regular classes even on the day of the closing ceremony for vacation.
๋“ฑ์‚ฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฐ์„ ์˜ค๋ฅธ ๋์— ์ •์ƒ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The hikers reached the summit after climbing the mountain for five hours.
๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ด ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ •์ƒ ์—ฌํ•˜์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ง‘ํ•ฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Soldiers must assemble whenever the general calls, regardless of their circumstances.

์ •์„ธ

jeongse
political landscape; political situation
๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์œ ๋ฏผ์ด๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ •์„ธ์— ์–ด๋‘์šด ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค.
Yumin, who doesn't watch the news much, is rather out of touch with the world political situation.
์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ์•„์‹œ์•„๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ ์ •์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As the center of the global economy shifts to Asia, the international situation is rapidly changing.

์ •์ฑ…์ 

jeongchaekjjeok
policy, policy-related
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์•„๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
The government spared no policy effort to revive the economy.

์ •์ฒด

jeongche
identity, true nature
๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๋ฒ”์ธ์˜ ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
The identity of the criminal, which had remained unknown until then, was finally revealed.
์ตœ๊ทผ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ƒ์„  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Demand for seafood has recently stagnated, causing fish prices to drop.

์ •ํšŒ

jeonghoe
adjournment (of a meeting)
์•„์นจ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ž„์› ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •ํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Our company's executive meeting, which had started that morning, was adjourned for lunch.
์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋˜ ์œ ๋ฏผ์€ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์ •ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜๋ ธ๋‹ค.
As Yumin listened to Jisu's story, a wave of affection welled up for her and he shed tears.

์ œ๋„์ 

jedojeok
institutional
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์‹ค์—…์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ๋„์  ์ง€์› ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The government is preparing institutional support measures for the unemployed.

์ œ๋ช…

jemyeong
expulsion, disownment
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋น„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ํ˜‘ํšŒ์˜ ๋ช…์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์†์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ œ๋ช…์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
He was expelled for damaging the association's reputation after his corruption was uncovered.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋ช…๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ชป ์‚ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‚˜์ด์— ์ฃฝ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์›Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
People felt sorry that he had died young without living out his full natural lifespan.

์ œ์žฌ

jejae
sanction, disciplinary action
์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋– ๋“œ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The teacher gave a slight sanction to the student who was talking during class.
์†Œ์„ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋งŒํ•œ ์ œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜์„ฐ๋‹ค.
The novelist went out into the streets to find material worth writing about.

์ ค

jel
first, the one that comes first among many
์Šน๊ทœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ„์ ˆ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์„์„ ์ ค๋กœ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Among the four seasons, Seunggyu likes fall the most.
์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์‹œ์ ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ์ ค ์˜ˆ๋ปค๋˜ ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Jisu, who was the prettiest in our class back in elementary school, became a famous model.

์กฐ๋”ฐ์œ„

jottawi
such a thing, that kind of thing (disparaging)
๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๋”ฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ์Œ์‹์ด๋ž์‹œ๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฑด๊ฐ€?
Who made such a thing and called it food?
์ € ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์กฐ๋”ฐ์œ„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆ‡์—†๋Š” ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ?
Where did that person learn to talk with such rude manners?

์กฐ๋ ฅ

joryeok
help, support
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ ์š”๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์˜ ์กฐ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฉ”๋‰ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
I developed a new menu with the help of a professional chef.
๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ด์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ธ ์กฐ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
I researched tidal power, a form of marine energy.

์กฐ๋ก€

jorye
morning assembly (at school, before class)
์กฐ๋ก€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ƒ์žฅ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ  ์ฃผ์…จ๋‹ค.
During the morning assembly, the teacher handed out certificates.
์‹œ๋ฏผ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š” ์†Œ์Œ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ด‰๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The civic group urged the enactment of an ordinance to reduce noise.

์กฐ๋ฌธ

jomun
legal text, article (of a law or regulation)
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ „์„ ํŽผ์ณ์„œ ์กฐ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Jisu opened the law book and began reading the articles.
์ƒ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ ˆ์„ ํ•œ ํ›„ ์กฐ๋ฌธ์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
After bowing, the chief mourner read the eulogy.
์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ง€์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋นˆ์†Œ์— ์กฐ๋ฌธ์„ ์™”๋‹ค.
My mother's acquaintances came to pay their condolences at the funeral home.

์กฐํšŒ

johoe
morning assembly (at school/workplace)
๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ ์‹œ์ ˆ์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋‚ ์€ ์šด๋™์žฅ ์กฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ ์ข‹์•˜๋‹ค.
When I was a student, I liked rainy days because there was no morning assembly on the field.
ํ†ต์žฅ์˜ ์ž”์•ก ์กฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋ˆ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
When I checked my bank balance, there was no money left at all.

์ข…๋‹จ

jongdan
denomination, religious order
ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต, ๋ถˆ๊ต ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ ์ข…๋‹จ์ด ์ด์žฌ๋ฏผ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Currently, various religious orders such as Christianity and Buddhism are raising funds for disaster victims.
์ง€์งˆํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ง€์ธต์˜ ์ข…๋‹จ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The geologist is examining a longitudinal section of the rock strata with a magnifying glass.

์ข…์ 

jongjeok
vertical, hierarchical; being vertical
๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ข…์ ์ธ ์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
In a patriarchal society, a clear vertical order is established between the father and the rest of the family.
ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ”์ธ์˜ ์ข…์ ์„ ๋’ค์ซ“์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๋ง์„ ์ขํ˜€ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
The detectives tracked the criminal's whereabouts, closing in the net of the investigation.

์ข…์ „

jongjeon
previous, former
์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ข…์ „ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
This technology was developed to overcome the problems of the previous method.
์ข…์ „ ํ›„์˜ ๋งˆ์„์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ™ฉํํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐธ๋‹ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The village after the end of the war was very devastated and miserable.

์ฃผ๊ด€

jugwan
hosting, organizing
์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ•๋žŒํšŒ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์ด ์ฃผ๊ด€์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
This expo came to be organized and prepared by our team.
์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ด ์„ž์ผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค.
An individual's subjective view inevitably gets mixed into their evaluation of any issue.

์ฃผ๋ฅ˜

juryu
mainstream
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚œ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์›ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
We drove briskly along the riverside road that follows the river's main stream.
์ด ์‹๋‹น์€ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
This restaurant does not sell alcoholic beverages.

์ฃผ์žฌ

jujae
presiding, leading
์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ดํ›„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•™์ƒํšŒ์žฅ ์ฃผ์žฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ ธ๋‹ค.
After the election, the first meeting presided over by the new student council president was held.
๋…ธ์กฐ์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์ฃผ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ถœ์ž…๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ซ์•˜๋‹ค.
The company closed all entrances to prevent the union from staying in the building.

์ฃผ์ข…

jujong
the main one, principal thing
๋‚จ์ชฝ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ํ‰์•ผ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„ ์Œ€๋†์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The southern region has many plains, so rice farming developed as the main industry.
์–‘๋ฐ˜์ง‘ ์•„๋“ค๊ณผ ์ข…์€ ์ฃผ์ข… ์‚ฌ์ด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์นœํ˜•์ œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
The nobleman's son and the servant had a master-servant relationship, but they lived like real brothers.

์ฃผ์ฒด

juche
handling, dealing with
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ€๋ ค์˜ค๋Š” ์Šฌํ””์— ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I couldn't handle the sorrow that came flooding in.
์ฃผ๋ฏผ์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ž์น˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ์‹œ์˜์› ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
As a key member of the local self-governing body, the resident took part in the city council election.

์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค

junsuhada
to observe, to comply with (rules)
๊ตญ์ œ ์กฐ์•ฝ์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๋ถ„์Ÿ์— ํœ˜๋ง๋ฆด ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If you don't observe international treaties, you could get caught up in international disputes.
์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์˜ค์‹ญ์ด ๋„˜์€ ์—ฐ์„ธ์—๋„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ’์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์ž๋ž‘ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค.
My father is proud of his attractive appearance even though he's past fifty.

์ค‘๋Œ€

jungdae
significant, important
์ด์žฅ์€ ๋ถ€์ • ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์ž„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ค‘๋Œ€ ๊ฒฐ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค.
The president made the significant decision to resign over the class boycott caused by the rigged election.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘๋Œ€๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์†Œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Our company consists of three subordinate platoons.

์ค‘๋„

jungdo
the middle (of a process)
๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ณ‘์˜ ์žฌ๋ฐœ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•˜๋˜ ์ผ์„ ์ค‘๋„์— ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Because of a sudden relapse of his illness, he had no choice but to quit what he was doing midway.
๋‹น ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ์˜์›์€ ์ขŒ์ต์ด๋‚˜ ์šฐ์ต์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ค‘๋„ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.
The party leader announced that they would pursue a centrist policy, neither left-wing nor right-wing.

์ค‘๋ณต

jungbok
duplication, overlap
์ œํ’ˆ ์ค‘๋ณต ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€์„œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
To prevent duplicate product development, each department decided to share their plans.
๋†์ดŒ์—์„  ์ค‘๋ณต ๋”์œ„์—๋„ ๊น€๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ฐฝ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
In the countryside, weeding was in full swing even in the heat of jungbok.

์ค‘ํ˜•

junghyeong
mid-size
์†Œํ˜• ์€ํ–‰์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ–‰์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ๋Š˜์–ด ์ค‘ํ˜• ์€ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Our bank, which used to be a small bank, grew into a mid-size bank as customers increased.
๊ฐ•๋„ ํ˜์˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์†๋œ ๊น€ ์”จ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง•์—ญ ์˜ค ๋…„์˜ ์ค‘ํ˜•์ด ์„ ๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Mr. Kim, who was detained on robbery charges, was sentenced to a heavy punishment of five years in prison.

์ง€๊ฒฝ

jigyeong
border, boundary
๊ต๋„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํƒˆ์ถœํ•œ ์ฃ„์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ง์ณค๋‹ค.
The prisoners who escaped from prison quickly fled beyond the border.
๋™์ƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์—…์–ด ๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊นŠ์ด ์ž ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.
My younger sibling was sleeping so deeply that they wouldn't have noticed even if someone had carried them off.

์ง€๋ช…

jimyeong
name of a place
์ด ์ง€๋„๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋€ ์ง€๋ช…์ด ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
This map has the newly changed place names written on it.
๊น€ ์˜์›์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‹น์˜ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ํ›„๋ณด๋กœ ์ง€๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.
Representative Kim received the nomination as our party's presidential candidate.

์ง€์—ฐ

jiyeon
regionalism, regional ties
์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฝ‘์•„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์—ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋จผ์ € ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
When hiring people, ability should be considered before blood ties or regional connections.
๋ถ„์–‘ ๋ฐ›์€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์˜ ๊ณต์‚ฌ ์ง€์—ฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚ด๋…„์— ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Because of the construction delay on the apartment I bought, I won't be able to move in next year.

์ง€์žฅ

jijang
impediment
์•ผ์™ธ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒด์œก ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋‚ ์”จ์— ์ง€์žฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.
Outdoor P.E. classes are greatly affected by weather-related impediments.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋“ฑ๋ก์ฆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์žฅ์„ ์ฐ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
In our country, you must stamp your fingerprint when making a resident registration card.

์ง€์ง€

jiji
support
๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ „์ ์ธ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์— ๋‹น์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
He was elected president with the full support of the people.
ํ™ ๋ฌป์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ง€์ง€์•ผ.
Whatever has dirt on it is 'dirty'.

์ง์ ‘

jikjjeop
in person; directly
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
I saw the artifacts in person at the museum.
์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žŠํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค.
A directly experienced relationship gives children a lesson they never forget.

์ง„์ƒ

jinsang
truth; reality
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ์‚ด์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์ง„์ƒ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.
The police revealed the truth of the murder case.
์ž„๊ธˆ์€ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ง„์ƒ์„ ๋‹น๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ๊ธˆํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The king ordered that offerings of meat be forbidden for the time being.

์ง„์ง€

jinji
fort; outpost; camp
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ถ„์Ÿ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ง„์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The government set up an outpost in the border area where the conflict was occurring.
์•„๋ฒ„๋‹˜ ์†์ด ์•ˆ ์ข‹์œผ์…”์„œ ์ง„์ง€๋กœ ์ฃฝ์„ ๋“์˜€์–ด์š”.
Since Father's stomach wasn't well, I cooked porridge for his meal.

์ง„์งœ

jinjja
authentic; the real thing
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ๋งŒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด ๋™์ƒ์˜ ๋ง์ด ์ง„์งœ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Just this once, I wanted to believe that my liar of a younger sibling's words were the real thing.
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ํ—ค์–ด์ง€๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ง์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
My girlfriend's words that she was really going to break up with me didn't sound real.

์ชผ๋‹ค

jjoda
fool; simpleton (mildly derogatory slang)
์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋ฆฌ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž์• ๋ฅผ ์ชผ๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋†€๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
The kids tease the clueless boy, calling him a fool.
์ƒˆ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ญ‡๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์—ด๋งค๋ฅผ ์ซ€๋‹ค.
The birds peck at the fruit hanging from the branch.

์ฐจ๋ ท

charyeot
attention! (command)
์ฐจ๋ ท! ์—ด์ค‘์‰ฌ์–ด!
Attention! At ease!
์Šน๊ทœ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ ท ์ž์„ธ๋กœ ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Seunggyu stood still in the attention posture for a while.

์ฒœ๊ธฐ

cheongi
sign in the sky (an omen or energy appearing in the heavens)
๋„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋”๋‹ˆ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฅ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
After reading the signs in the sky, the sage said a crisis would befall the nation.
ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฒœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ๋ฆฌ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Ordinary people had no way of knowing the profound secret of heaven.

์ฒœ๋ช…

cheonmyeong
life span (one's destined length of life)
์•„ํ”์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๊ธด ์ฒœ๋ช…์„ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚˜์…จ๋‹ค.
My grandfather, who is nearly ninety, was born with a long life span.
์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— ์žฅ๊ด€์ด ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ฒœ๋ช…์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.
The minister is expected to proclaim their opinion on the legal amendment this week.

์ฒœ๋ถ€

cheonbu
innate ability; natural gift (something possessed from birth, given by heaven)
๊น€ ํ™”๋ฐฑ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์ฒœ๋ถ€์˜ ๋น„๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ฐ–์— ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
Painter Kim's work can only be explained as an extraordinary innate gift.
์„ฑ๊ฒฝ ๋ง์”€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ํ•˜๋Š˜์— ๊ณ„์‹  ์ฒœ๋ถ€๊ป˜์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
According to the Bible, this world was created by God the Father in heaven.

์ฒœ์ƒ

cheonsaeng
something destined by nature (being born with a certain character or fate, or such a foundation)
๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋Š˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ฒœ์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค.
Becoming a married couple is a bond given by heaven, destined by nature.
๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ฒœ์ƒ ์•…์—ฐ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The two of them were, through and through, an ill-fated match.

์ฒ ํ‡ด

cheoltoe
retreat; withdrawal (an act of clearing out of a place and pulling back)
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์˜ ์ฒ ํ‡ด๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The government demanded the withdrawal of the other country's troops.
๋ฒ”์ธ์€ ํ”ผํ•ด์ž์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ ํ‡ด๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ณค๋‹ค.
The criminal struck the victim's head with an iron club.

์ฒฉ

cheop
pack (a bound noun used to count bundles of Korean herbal medicine)
์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ํ•œ์˜์›์—์„œ ์•ฝ์„ ์„ธ ์ฒฉ ์ง€์–ด ์™”๋‹ค.
My wife had three packs of medicine made at the herbal clinic.
ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ๋ณธ๋ถ€์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฒฉ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I heard that my grandmother was my grandfather's concubine, not his legal wife.
์ฒฉ์„ ์–ด์—ฌ์‚ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ ์ฃผ์‹œ๋‹ˆ ํ™ฉ๊ณตํ•˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I am deeply grateful that you look upon me so kindly.

์ฒญ์‚ฌ

cheongsa
history; historical record
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒญ์‚ฌ์— ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์œ„์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
We will not forget the names of the great figures engraved in history.
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜คํ›„ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฒญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹ดํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆด ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.
A meeting is scheduled to be held this afternoon at the government office building.

์ดˆ์•ผ

choya
wedding night (the night a bride and groom sleep together for the first time after marrying)
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹๊ณผ ์ดˆ์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹œ๋Œ ์‹๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
My spouse and I spent both our wedding and our wedding night in the US, where my in-laws live.
๋‹นํŒŒ ์‹ธ์›€์—์„œ ํŒจํ•œ ๋ฒผ์Šฌ์•„์น˜๋“ค์€ ์ดˆ์•ผ์—์„œ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Officials who lost the factional struggle lived in remote villages in poverty.

์ดˆํ˜ผ

chohon
first marriage (one's very first marriage)
์ดˆํ˜ผ์ธ ์•„๋‚ด์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ˜ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‚จ์ž์˜€๋‹ค.
Unlike my wife, for whom this was her first marriage, I was a man who had already married once and divorced.
์–ด๋ฅด์‹ ๊ป˜์„œ ์ˆจ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์‹œ์ž ํ•œ ์•„์ €์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ถ•์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆํ˜ผ์„ ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค.
When the elder passed away, a man climbed onto the roof to perform the invocation of the dead.

์ถ•๋„

chuktto
benediction (a preacher's closing prayer asking God to bless someone)
๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์ถ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค๋‹ค.
The worship service ended with the pastor's benediction.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ํ•œ์˜ฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค.
We learned about the structure of a hanok by looking at the miniature drawing.

์ถ•์‚ฌ

chukssa
cattle shed; stable (a building in which livestock is kept and raised)
์ด๊ณณ์€ ๋ผ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ์ถ•์‚ฌ์ด๋‹ค.
This is a stable where dozens of pigs are raised.
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋™์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์—์„œ ์ถ•์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งก์•˜๋‹ค.
Jisu gave the congratulatory speech at her younger sibling's wedding.

์ถ•์ „

chukjjeon
festival; celebration (a ceremony or event to celebrate an occasion)
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ถ•์ „์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
We took part in the science and technology festival and joined various events.
๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ•์ „์ด ์™”๋‹ค.
Congratulatory telegrams for the exhibition arrived from many artists.

์ทจ์‚ฌ

chwisa
adoption or rejection
์ž„์›๋“ค์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์•ˆ๊ฑด์˜ ์ทจ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The board members voted on whether to adopt or reject the agenda item.
์ €๋…๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ž ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ทจ์‚ฌ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค.
As evening came, mother started preparing to cook.

์น˜ํ•˜

chiha
being under the rule of
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ œ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ์น˜ํ•˜ ๋•Œ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์€ ์„œ๋Ÿฌ์›€์„ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
I still haven't forgotten the sorrow of losing my country under Japanese colonial rule.
์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ต์žฅ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์˜ ์น˜ํ•˜ ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
From now, let's hear a few words of praise from the principal.

ํƒ์ผ

taegil
selecting one; choosing one
๊ทผ๋ฌด ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์„œ์šธ, ๋ถ€์‚ฐ, ๋Œ€๊ตฌ ์ค‘์— ํƒ์ผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The work region was decided by selecting one among Seoul, Busan, and Daegu.
๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ์•ž๋‘” ์˜ˆ๋น„ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ์ผ์„ ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ํƒ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The couple about to be married looked into lucky days and chose an auspicious wedding date.

ํ†ตํ™”

tonghwa
talking over the telephone
๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์ง€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ค€์ด๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ํ†ตํ™”๋กœ ์•ˆ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Minjun, who lives apart from his parents, often checks in with them over the phone.
๋›ฐ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ™” ๊ธด์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ์žก์•„๋‘๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
There are limits to curbing soaring prices through currency tightening.

ํ†ตํ™”๋Ÿ‰

tonghwaryang
telephone traffic
ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์ด ๋˜์ž ์ด๋™ ์ „ํ™” ํ†ตํ™”๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ธ‰์ฆํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
As the year changed, mobile phone call traffic surged.
์ตœ๊ทผ ํ†ตํ™”๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Recently, the amount of currency in circulation increased, causing prices to rise.

ํŠน์‚ฌ

teukssa
envoy; special envoy
์ˆ˜์ƒ์ด ์™ธ๊ต ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์›ํ™œํžˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์™ธ๊ตญ์— ํŠน์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
The prime minister sent a special envoy abroad to smooth over diplomatic relations.
๋ชจ๋ฒ”์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์„ค ๋ช…์ ˆ์„ ๋งž์•„์„œ ํŠน์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ถœ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Model prisoners were released under a special pardon for the Lunar New Year holiday.

ํŒ

pan
occasion; scene
๋น„๋ฐ€ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ํŒ์„ ๋ฒŒ์—ฌ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ๋„๋ฐ•์„ ํ•˜๋˜ ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฒ€๊ฑฐ๋๋‹ค.
Those who had set up an illegal gambling scene at a secret location were arrested.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ํ‡ด์žฅ์„ ๋‹นํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ์งˆ ํŒ์ด๋‹ค.
Two of our team's forwards were sent off, so we're in a situation where we're about to lose the match.
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ๋œ ๋‘๊บผ์šด ํŒ์„ ๋ถ€์„œ์ง„ ๋งˆ๋ฃป๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋ง๋Œ€์—ˆ๋‹ค.
I patched the broken wooden floor with a thick wooden board.

ํŽธ

pyeon
party; side
์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ํŽธ์„ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ค„๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The children were playing rubber band jump games, split into sides.
๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์Œ“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
When I went in the direction where the things were piled up, the item I was looking for was there.
์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™๊ต ์ถœํŒ๋ถ€ ํŽธ์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ๊ต์žฌ๋กœ ์“ด๋‹ค.
This class uses a book compiled by our school's publishing department as its textbook.

ํ‰์ •

pyeongjeong
suppression; repression (of a rebellion)
์„ธ์ž๋Š” ์™•์ด ์ฃฝ์€ ๋’ค์— ๋‚ด๋ž€์„ ํ‰์ •, ์ œ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค.
After the king died, the crown prince suppressed the civil unrest and ascended the throne.
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ง์ด ํ‰์ •์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ๋‚ ๋›ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ๋ง์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
Jisu fell off the horse because it lost its composure and went wild.

ํ‰์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค

pyeongjeonghada
to suppress; to repress (a rebellion)
์™•์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ž€ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ํ‰์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์™•๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.
The king strengthened his royal authority while suppressing the rebel groups.
๋ถ€๋ถ€๋Š” ๋…ธ๋…„์— ์‹œ๊ณจ์— ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํ‰์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
The couple moved to the countryside in old age and lived a peaceful life.

ํ‘œ์‹œ

pyosi
indication; marking (of notice content)
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์‹ํ’ˆ์— ์›์‚ฐ์ง€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฌดํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The government made country-of-origin labeling on food mandatory.
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋กœ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
I invited Jisu to dinner as an expression of gratitude.

ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋‹ค

pyosidoeda
to be indicated; to be marked
๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ํ†ต ๊ธฐํ•œ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‹์ค‘๋…์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
I got food poisoning from eating food whose expiration date was marked incorrectly.
๋‚˜์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์ด ์„ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ฏผ์ค€์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ค.
I hoped that my feelings would be well expressed to Minjun through this gift.

ํ’์†

pungsok
custom (a life habit handed down since old times)
๋ช…์ ˆ์„ ๋งž์•„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํ’์†์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋†€์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
For the holiday, games enjoying traditional customs were arranged everywhere.
์‚ฐ ์œ„์—์„œ ํ’์†์„ ์žฌ๋‹ˆ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค.
When wind speed was measured on the mountain, a very fast speed came out.

ํ•„๋ถ€

pilbu
an ordinary man; a mere man
๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์ด์ž ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ํ•„๋ถ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค.
I am happy to live as an ordinary man and father to my children.
์ด ์ผ์€ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋…€์˜จ ๋‚จ์ž๋งŒ ์ง€์› ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•„๋ถ€๋Š” ์ œ์™ธ๋œ๋‹ค.
This job is open only to men who have served in the military; ordinary women are excluded.

ํ•˜์‚ฌ

hasa
bestowal; grant; royal award
์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ ์ด๊ธด ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์™•์—๊ฒŒ ํ† ์ง€ ํ•˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.
The soldiers who won the war received a land grant from the king.
ํ•˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ์žฌ์ •๋น„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The staff sergeant reorganized the weapons the soldiers would use for training.

ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค

hapttanghada
merge; consolidate (political parties)
๋‘ ์•ผ๋‹น์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ ์–ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The two opposition parties declared that they would merge.
๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋„ ์—†์ด ํ•ด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
He was fired without a reasonable cause.

ํ•ฉ์˜๋˜๋‹ค

habuidoeda
be agreed; be settled
์›”๊ธ‰์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ผ์‹ญ ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
It was agreed that salaries would increase by 30% starting next month.
์ด๋ฒˆ ์ดํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒˆ ์ž„์› ์„ ์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ˆ๊ฑด์ด ํ•ฉ์˜๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
At this general meeting, the agenda for the election of new executives will be discussed.

ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•˜๋‹ค

habuihada
agree; settle; reach a deal
์–‘๊ตญ์ด ์ด์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ํœด์ „์— ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The two countries agreed to a twenty-year truce.
ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ธก์€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The company met with worker representatives and discussed the salary increase.

ํ•ญ๋ณ€

hangbyeon
protest; complaint
ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹น ํ•ด๊ณ ์— ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณ€์ด ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํ„ฐ์ ธ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค.
Protests from workers against the company's unfair dismissal broke out everywhere.
๊ฐ๋…์ด ์‹ฌํŒ์˜ ํŒ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•ญ๋ณ€์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The coach made a rebuttal against the referee's decision.

ํ•ญ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋‹ค

hangbyeonhada
protest; complain
๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹น ํ•ด๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ์„ธ๊ฒŒ ํ•ญ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The workers protested fiercely against the company's unfair dismissal.
๋ฏผ์ค€์€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ดด๋กญํžŒ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ญ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Minjun rebutted to the teacher that he had never bullied his friend.

ํ•ด์ฒด

haeche
haeche (a plain, non-honorific Korean speech style)
ํ•ด์ฒด์ธ '์˜ˆ์˜์ง€', '์˜ˆ๋ป'์— '์š”'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด ํ•ด์š”์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.
If you add '์š”' to 'yeppeuji' and 'yeppeo,' which are in the haeche style, they become haeyoche.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒ€ ํ•ด์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ํ›„์— ๊ฐ์ž ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒ€์— ์†Œ์†๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
After the team's dissolution was announced, we each joined different teams.

ํ–‰

haeng
line
์ค„์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ณต์ฑ…์— ๊ธ€์”จ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ํ–‰์ด ์ ์  ๋น„๋šค์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.
Since I'm writing in a notebook with no lines, the lines are gradually becoming crooked.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ํ–‰๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ–‰์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„์™”๋‹ค.
My spouse and I have lived through both the good and bad fortunes of life together for forty years.

ํ˜„์ƒ

hyeonsang
status quo; current state
๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ž๋Š” ์œ ์ ์ง€์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
The archaeologist carefully examined the current state of the ruins.
๊ณ„์†๋œ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ ๋ถ€์กฑ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Due to the continuing drought, water shortages occurred in many places.
์ฐธ์‹ ํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ ์‘๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒ๊ธˆ์ด ๋ฌด๋ ค ์ฒœ๋งŒ ์›์ด๋‹ค.
The prize money for the contest seeking a fresh screenplay is a whopping ten million won.

ํ˜‘์˜

hyeobui
narrow sense
๊ทธ ๋ง์€ ๊ด‘์˜์™€ ํ˜‘์˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ •์˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
That word can be defined by dividing it into a broad sense and a narrow sense.
์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ˜‘์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This is a matter that was decided through consultation.

ํ˜ธ๊ตฌ

hogu
number of households; number of household members
ํ–‰์ • ๊ธฐ๋ก์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์™€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The number of households shown in administrative records may not match the actual family details.
์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ์ด ๋‚œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€์›๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๊ฒจ์šฐ ํ˜ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
The citizens, trapped in the burning building, barely escaped danger thanks to the firefighters' rescue.
์˜›๋‚  ๋ณด๋ฆฟ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ํ˜ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ชป ํ•ด ๊ตถ์–ด ์ฃฝ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Back in the days of the barley hump, there were people who couldn't even eke out a living and starved to death.

ํ˜ธ๋‚จ

honam
Honam
ํ˜ธ๋‚จ ์ถœ์‹ ์ธ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์€ ์ „๋ผ๋„ ์‚ฌํˆฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์…จ๋‹ค.
The professor, who is from Honam, spoke with a Jeolla-do dialect.
์Šน๊ทœ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์„œ๊ธ€์„œ๊ธ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ์ƒ์ด ์ข‹์€ ํ˜ธ๋‚จ์ด๋‹ค.
Seunggyu is a handsome guy with warm eyes and a good impression.

ํ˜ธ์ฃผ

hoju
head of a household
์œ ์‚ฐ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ƒ์†๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The inheritance was entirely passed on to the next head of household.
์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กธ์—… ํ›„ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋กœ ์–ดํ•™์—ฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
Jisoo went to Australia for language study after graduating from college.

ํ˜ผ์ „

honjeon
premarital; before marriage
๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜ผ์ „ ๋™๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค.
My parents opposed our premarital cohabitation.
์‹œ์žฅ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์—ด ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ํ›„๋ณด์ž๋“ค์ด ํ˜ผ์ „์„ ๋ฒŒ์˜€๋‹ค.
The mayoral election was a fierce melee among more than ten candidates.

ํ™”ํ•ฉ

hwahap
a chemical combination in which two or more elements lose their original properties and form a new substance
์Œ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ํ™”ํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฉ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.
Preservatives are used to prevent food from rotting through chemical combination.
๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ์„ ์ด๋ฃฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •์‹œํ‚จ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž์˜€๋‹ค.
The president was a great leader who stabilized society by achieving harmony between social classes.

ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋˜๋‹ค

hwahapttoeda
to be chemically combined, losing original properties and forming a new substance
์ˆ˜์€์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›์†Œ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ž˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋‹ค.
Mercury combines well with other elements to form an alloy.
๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ˜•์ œ๋“ค์ด ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์šฐ์•  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์— ํ๋ญ‡ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
My parents were pleased to see us siblings being harmonized and getting along affectionately.

ํ™”ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค

hwahapada
to chemically combine, losing original properties and forming a new substance
์ฒ ์ด ์‚ฐ์†Œ์™€ ํ™”ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐํ™”์ฒ ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ‰์€์ƒ‰์„ ๋ ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
When iron combines with oxygen and turns into iron oxide, it takes on a reddish color.
์ด๋ฒˆ ํšŒ์‹์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ง์›๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•œ๋ฐ ์–ด์šธ๋ ค ํ™”ํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
This company dinner became an opportunity to mix and harmonize with the coworkers.

ํ™˜์˜

hwanyeong
welcome
ํ•ด์™ธ ์œ ๋ช… ์ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์ž ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์—ด๋ ฌํ•œ ํ™˜์˜์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
When famous figures from abroad visited Korea, the people gave them an enthusiastic welcome.
์†Œ์„ค์—์„œ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ฃฝ์ธ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ™˜์˜์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
In the novel, the protagonist was tormented by the phantom of the friend he had killed.

ํ›„์‚ฌ

husa
reward; compensation; show of gratitude
๋‚˜๋Š” ์Šน๊ทœ์˜ ๋„์›€์— ํ›„์‚ฌ์˜ ๋œป์œผ๋กœ ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
I gave a gift as a show of gratitude for Seunggyu's help.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์žฅ์ด ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ณ  ๋‚œ ๋’ค์˜ ํ›„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
We worried about the aftermath of the president quitting.
๊น€ ์”จ๋Š” ํ›„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด ๊ฐ€์—…์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„˜๊ฒจ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Mr. Kim had no heir, so he had to hand the family business over to someone else.

ํ›„์›

huwon
backing; support; sponsorship
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด์œก์›์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ํ›„์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Our orphanage operates with the support of many warm-hearted people.
๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์ง‘ ๋’ค์— ๋”ธ๋ ค ์žˆ๋Š” ํ›„์›์—์„œ ๋†€๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
When I was young, I used to play in the backyard behind the house.

์ฒจ์„ฑ๋Œ€

cheomseongdae
Cheomseongdae (ancient Silla observatory)
๊ฒฝ์ฃผ์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์‹ ๋ผ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ฒจ์„ฑ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If you go to Gyeongju, you can see Cheomseongdae, built during the Silla dynasty.

์ฒฉ๋ณด

cheopppo
intelligence (secretly gathered information)
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฒฉ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ž…์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The government obtained intelligence on the enemy forces.

์ฒฉ๋ณด๋ง

cheopppomang
intelligence network
๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์ฒฉ๋ณด๋ง์„ ๊น”์•„ ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค.
That country has laid an intelligence network across the whole world.

์ฒฉ๋ณด์ „

cheopppojeon
intelligence war; espionage battle
๋ƒ‰์ „ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์–‘๊ตญ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฒฉ๋ณด์ „์ด ์น˜์—ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
During the Cold War, the espionage battle between the two countries was fierce.

์ฒฉ์ž

cheopjja
spy
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ ๊ตญ์— ์‹ฌ์–ด์ง„ ์ด์ค‘ ์ฒฉ์ž์˜€๋‹ค.
He was a double spy planted in the enemy country.

์ฒซ์ธ์‚ฌ

cheosinsa
first greeting
์‹ ์ž… ์‚ฌ์›์€ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฒซ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ธ๋‹ค.
The new employee gave an awkward first greeting.

์ฒญ๊ต๋„

cheonggyodo
Puritan
์ฒญ๊ต๋„๋“ค์€ ๊ฒ€์†Œํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒผ๋‹ค.
The Puritans valued a frugal lifestyle.

์ฒญ๋…„

cheongnyeon
young person; youth
๊ฑด์žฅํ•œ ์ฒญ๋…„์ด ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ์ง์„ ๋Œ€์‹  ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
A strapping young man carried the heavy load for us.

์ฒญ๋…„์ธต

cheongnyeoncheung
the youth (as a demographic group)
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต์˜ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€๋‹ค.
The government paid attention to the youth employment problem.

์ฒญ๋ฃก

cheongnyong
Azure Dragon (guardian of the east)
์ด๋ฒˆ์— ๋ฐœ๊ตด๋œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„ ๋ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ฒญ๋ฃก ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
A painting of the Azure Dragon was found on the wall of the tomb excavated this time.

์ฒญ๋ฌธํšŒ

cheongmunhoe
hearing (formal government inquiry)
๊ตญํšŒ์—์„œ ์žฅ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒญ๋ฌธํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ ธ๋‹ค.
A hearing on the ministerial nominee was held in the National Assembly.

์ฒญ๋ฐฑ๋ฆฌ

cheongbaengni
incorruptible government official
๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐ์„  ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ฒญ๋ฐฑ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
He is known as a representative incorruptible official of the Joseon dynasty.

์ฒญ์›

cheongwon
petition; request
์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ์ฒญ์— ๋„๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ์ฒญ์›ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Residents petitioned the city hall for the road to be widened.

์ฒญ์›์„œ

cheongwonseo
petition (document)
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฒญ์›์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด ์ œ์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
He formally wrote and submitted a petition.

์ฒญ์›ํ•˜๋‹ค

cheongwonhada
petition; request
์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ์ฒญ์— ๋„๋กœ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์›ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The residents petitioned city hall for road repairs.

์ฒญ์œ 

cheongyu
request (to do something together)
์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ฒญ์œ ์— ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์Šน๋‚™ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜๋‹ค.
I ended up agreeing because of my friend's strong request.

์ฒญ์ผ์ 

cheongiljeom
the only man (among women)
๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ํŒ€์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฒญ์ผ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
He was the only man on the all-female team.

์ฒญ์žฅ๋…„

cheongjangnyeon
young and middle-aged adults
์ด ์ง์—…์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ฒญ์žฅ๋…„ ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ๋งก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
This job is mostly held by young and middle-aged adults.

์ฒญํƒ

cheongtak
solicitation; improper request
์€๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ฒญํƒ์ด ์˜ค๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜ํ˜น์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Suspicions arose that improper requests had been exchanged secretly.

์ฒด๊ฐœ

chegae
replacement (of an official)
๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒด๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.
The replacement of the official in charge is scheduled soon.

์ฒด๋ฉด์น˜๋ ˆ

chemyeonchire
saving face
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ฒด๋ฉด์น˜๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋น„์‹ผ ์˜ท์„ ์ƒ€๋‹ค.
He bought expensive clothes just to save face, even though he had no money.

์ฒด์ œ

cheje
system; regime
๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •์น˜ ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The two countries maintain different political systems.

์ฒดํ†ต

chetong
dignity; face
๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์ฒดํ†ต์„ ์žƒ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ์• ์ผ๋‹ค.
He tried hard not to lose his dignity even in a difficult situation.

์ดˆ๋ฉด

chomyeon
stranger; first meeting
๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ดˆ๋ฉด์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ์นœํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
The two people had just met for the first time, but they quickly became close.

์ดˆ๋ฒ”

chobeom
first-time offender
ํŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ฒ”์ธ ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ํ˜•๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The judge reduced the sentence, taking into account that it was a first offense.

์ดˆ๋น„์ƒ

chobisang
state of emergency
๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํญ์„ค๋กœ ๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด์— ์ดˆ๋น„์ƒ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
The sudden heavy snowfall put the entire city on high alert.

์ดˆ์„ 

choseon
being newly elected (for the first time)
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ์ดˆ์„  ์˜์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
He was elected as a first-term lawmaker in this election.

์ดˆ์ •

chojeong
starting one's job in a new office (historical)
์–ด๋ฆฐ ์™•์€ ์ดˆ์ •๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•œ ์‹ ํ•˜๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก์œผ๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The young king tried to correct the corrupt officials from the very start of his reign.

์ดˆํŒŒ์ผ

chopail
Buddha's Birthday (8th of the 4th lunar month)
์ดˆํŒŒ์ผ์—๋Š” ์ ˆ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์—ฐ๋“ฑ์ด ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
On Buddha's Birthday, lanterns are hung brightly at every temple.

์ด‰๊ตฌ

chokkku
urging; pressing demand
์‹œ๋ฏผ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€์ฑ… ๋งˆ๋ จ์„ ์ด‰๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The civic group urged the government to prepare countermeasures.

์ด‰์ง„

chokjjin
promotion; acceleration (of a process)
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ด‰์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The government announced a policy for promoting the local economy.

์ดŒ๋†ˆ

chonnom
country bumpkin (informal, mildly disparaging)
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์˜จ ์ดŒ๋†ˆ ์ทจ๊ธ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์„œ๋Ÿฌ์› ๋‹ค.
He felt hurt being treated like a country bumpkin new to the city.

์ดŒ๋œจ๊ธฐ

chontteugi
country bumpkin; hick (informal, mildly disparaging)
๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ธ๋ จ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ดŒ๋œจ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋†€๋ฆผ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.
He was teased as a country bumpkin for not being sophisticated.

์ดŒ๋ฝ

chollak
village; rural settlement
์‚ฐ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์ž‘์€ ์ดŒ๋ฝ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
A small village was nestled at the foot of the mountain.

์ดŒ๋กœ

chollo
village elder
์ดŒ๋กœ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์„ ํšŒ๊ด€์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The village elders gathered at the community hall to talk.

์ดŒ๋ฏผ

chonmin
villagers; rural residents
๋Œ ๊ฑด์„ค๋กœ ์ดŒ๋ฏผ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋ช…์ด ์‚ถํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Dozens of villagers lost their homes due to the dam construction.

์ดŒ์‚ฌ๋žŒ

chonsaram
country person; rural dweller
๊ทธ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ˆœ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์ดŒ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์†Œ๊ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
He introduced himself as a simple country person.

์ด๊ฒฉ

chonggyeok
shooting; firing (a gun)
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ ๋„์‹ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ์ด๊ฒฉ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The police investigated a shooting that occurred in the city center.

์ด๊ฒฉ์ „

chonggyeokjjeon
gunfight; shoot-out
์˜ํ™” ์† ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์ด๊ฒฉ์ „ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The intense gunfight scene in the movie was impressive.

์ด๊ณต๊ฒฉ

chonggonggyeok
all-out attack; full-scale attack
๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ์— ์ด๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The army launched an all-out attack at dawn.

์ด๊ถ๊ธฐ

chonggwolgi
general rally; mass uprising
์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ถ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ์˜€๋‹ค.
The citizens staged a general rally, demanding reform.

์ด๋…

chongdok
governor; viceroy (of a colony)
์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ์ด๋…์€ ๊ฐ•์••์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํŽผ์ณค๋‹ค.
The colonial governor carried out oppressive policies.

์ด๋™์›

chongdongwon
full mobilization
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์žฌํ•ด ๋ณต๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ด๋™์›์„ ์ง€์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The government ordered the full mobilization of manpower for disaster recovery.

์ด๋™์›๋ น

chongdongwonnyeong
order of full mobilization
์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋‚˜์ž ์ด๋™์›๋ น์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค.
When war broke out, the government issued an order of full mobilization.
Practice for free in the app โ†’