Korean grammar โ Master
303 grammar patterns for this level, each with a full explanation and examples.
-(์ผ)ใด๋ฐ์ผ
Given a state, nothing can be helped (-(์ผ)ใด๋ฐ์ผ)
Master
Used to show that because of the state described in the first clause, the state in the second clause is also unavoidable.
๊ณผ์ผ ๊ฐ๊ฒ์ ๊ณผ์ผ ์ํ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋์๋ฐ์ผ ์ฅ์ฌ๊ฐ ์๋ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์์ง.
With the fruit at that store being in such bad condition, there's no way business could be good.
์ ๋ฐ์ด ์์๋ฐ์ผ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๊ณ์ ์ ๊ฒ ์ด์?
If the shoes are that small, how could you keep wearing them?
๋ฐฉ์ด ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ์ถ์ด๋ฐ์ผ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์๊ฒ ์ด.
With the room this cold, how could anyone sleep here?
-๋๋๋๋ค
Relaying a directly witnessed past fact, very formal (-๋๋๋๋ค)
Master
A very formal ending used to relay to the listener something the speaker had personally heard or witnessed in the past.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ์๋ค๊ฐ ๋ง์ง๋ ์๋ ๋ง์ ํ๋ฉฐ ๋ณ๋ช
์ ๋์ด๋๋๋๋๋ค.
I heard that person made excuses that didn't even make sense.
๊ทธ ๋ง์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๋ค๋ค ์์ฃผ ์น์ ํ๋๋๋๋ค.
I heard that the people of that village were all very kind.
์๋ ์๋ ์ด ๊ธธ์ด ๋ฌด์ฒ ์ข๋๋๋๋ค.
I heard that this road used to be very narrow in the old days.
-๋๋๋ค
Not minding despite a hypothetical fact (-๋๋๋ค)
Master
Used to show that even if the recalled circumstance were true, the speaker wouldn't be much bothered by it.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ธธ๋ก ๊ฐ๋๋๋ค ํค๋งค์ง ์์ ์๊ฐ ์์๊ฒ ์ด์?
Even if we had taken a different road there, could we really have avoided getting lost?
๊ทธ๋ ์กฐ๊ธ ๋ ์๋๋ ๋๋๋ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ ๋ฌ๋ผ์ก์๊น?
Even if I had hurried a bit more back then, would the result have really been different?
๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์์๋๋๋ค ๋ญ ํ ์ ์์๊ฒ ์ด.
Even if I had known beforehand, what could I really have done?
-๋๋ผ๋ง
Conceding a recalled fact (-๋๋ผ๋ง)
Master
Used to acknowledge something recalled from personal experience while showing it doesn't affect or contradicts what follows.
์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ ๊ณ ์ฅ์ด ๋ฌ๋๋ผ๋ง, ์์ง ์ธ ๋งํ๊ฑธ?
I recall the computer was broken, but it still seems usable, doesn't it?
๋ ์จ๊ฐ ์ถฅ๋๋ผ๋ง, ์ท์ ์๊ฒ ์
๊ณ ๋์๋ค.
I remember it was cold, but I still went out wearing thin clothes.
๊ทธ ๊ฐ๊ฒ๋ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ซ์๋๋ผ๋ง, ๋ค์ ์ด์๋ ๋ณด๋ค.
I recall that store was closed, but it seems to have reopened.
-๋๋ผ๋๊น๋
Emphasizing a directly witnessed fact (-๋๋ผ๋๊น๋)
Master
An emphatic form of -๋๋ผ๋๊น, used to stress something the speaker personally heard or saw.
์ฌ๋ฆ์ด์ง๋ง ์ฐ ์์ ์ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ๋๊น ์ถฅ๋๋ผ๋๊น๋.
Even though it's summer, it was really cold once I climbed the mountain, I'm telling you.
๊ทธ ์๋น ์์์ด ์ ๋ง ๋ง์๋๋ผ๋๊น๋.
That restaurant's food was really delicious, I'm telling you.
์ด์ ๋ณธ ์ํ๊ฐ ์ง์ง ๊ฐ๋์ ์ด๋๋ผ๋๊น๋.
The movie I saw yesterday was really moving, I'm telling you.
-์๋๋ฐ
Contrasting a past heard proposal (-์๋๋ฐ)
Master
Used to relay a proposal heard in the past while adding a fact that contrasts with or relates to it.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ์ ์ฌ์ ๊ฐ์ด ๋จน์๋๋ฐ ์ธ์ ๊ฐ ์ข์๊น?
Seunggyu suggested we eat lunch together โ when would be good?
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ด ์ฌํ ๊ฐ์๋๋ฐ ์๊ฐ์ด ๋ง์์ง ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ค.
My friend suggested we travel together, but I'm not sure our schedules will match.
๋๋ฃ๊ฐ ํ๋ก์ ํธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ด ํ์๋๋ฐ ์์ง ๋ต์ ๋ชป ํ๋ค.
My coworker suggested we work on the project together, but I haven't answered yet.
-์ฌ์ผ
Setting a proposal as a condition (-์ฌ์ผ)
Master
Used to show that a heard proposal or suggestion becomes the condition for the following statement.
์์ด๋ค์ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ฐ ๋จน์ฌ์ผ ์์ ๋ฅผ ๋ ๋ค.
The children only pick up their spoons if their father suggests eating.
ํ์๋ค์ ์ ์๋์ด ์ฌ์ฌ์ผ ์๋ฆฌ์์ ์ผ์ด๋๋ค.
The students only get up from their seats if the teacher suggests a break.
๋์์ ๋ด๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฌ์ผ ๊ฒจ์ฐ ๋ฐ๋ผ๋์ ๋ค.
My younger sibling only reluctantly follows along if I suggest going.
-์ฌ์์ผ
Doubting a heard proposal (-์ฌ์์ผ)
Master
Used to quote a proposal while raising doubt about it or judging it negatively.
๋๋ ํ ๋ง๋ ์๋๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ ํํ
ํธ์ง๋ฅผ ์ฐ์ฌ์์ผ ์ธ ์ ์๊ฒ ์ด?
I have nothing to say โ how could I possibly write that kid a letter just because someone suggested it?
๋๋ ์๋๋ฐ ์ด ๋น์ผ ๊ฑธ ์ฌ์ฌ์์ผ ์ด ์ ์๋.
I don't even have money โ how could I buy this expensive thing just because someone suggested it?
์ค๋น๋ ์ ๋๋๋ฐ ์ง๊ธ ๋ ๋์ฌ์์ผ ๋ ๋ ์ ์๊ฒ ์ด?
We're not even ready โ how could we possibly leave now just because someone suggested it?
-์์ค
Relaying a heard proposal, moderately formal (-์์ค)
Master
Used to relay to the listener a proposal or suggestion the speaker had heard from someone else.
๊น ์ ์์ด ๊ฐ์ด ์์ฌํ์์ค.
Teacher Kim suggested we eat together.
์ด์์ง์์ ๊ฐ์ด ์ฒญ์ํ์์ค.
The neighbors suggested we clean together.
๋๋ค ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๋ค ๊ฐ์ด ๋ชจ์ด์์ค.
The people in the neighborhood suggested we all gather together.
-์๋
Asking about a heard proposal, casual (-์๋)
Master
A very casual ending used to ask the listener about a proposal or suggestion they had previously heard about.
์ฃผ๋ง์ ์ด๋์ ๋ง๋์๋?
Where did they say we should meet this weekend?
์ ์ฌ์ผ๋ก ๋ญ ๋จน์๋?
What did they suggest we eat for lunch?
์ํ๋ ๋ช ์์ ๋ณด์๋?
What time did they suggest we watch the movie?
-(์ผ)๋ จ
Asking about intention, casual (-(์ผ)๋ จ)
Master
A casual, familiar ending used to warmly ask whether the listener intends to do something.
๋ณ๋ก ์์์ง๋ ์์ง๋ง ์ด๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ ์
์ผ๋ จ?
It's not that pretty, but do you want to wear at least this one?
๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ๋ฉด ์ด ๋นต์ด๋ผ๋ ์ข ๋จน์ผ๋ จ?
If you're hungry, do you want to eat at least this bread?
ํผ๊ณคํด ๋ณด์ด๋๋ฐ ์ข ์ฌ์๋ค ๊ฐ๋ ค๋ จ?
You look tired โ do you want to rest a bit before going?
-(์ด)๋๋๋ค
Relaying a past heard fact, moderately formal (-(์ด)๋๋๋ค)
Master
Used when the speaker relays to the listener something they had personally heard was true in the past.
์ฑ
์ ๋ง์์ ์์์ด๋๋๋ค.
I once heard that books are nourishment for the mind.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด ๋ง์์ ์ฒซ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด๋๋๋ค.
I heard that person was the first resident of this village.
์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ํ๊ฐ์ ๋ง์ง๋ง ์ํ์ด๋๋๋ค.
I heard this painting was the artist's last work.
-(์ด)๋๋๊น
Asking about a past heard fact, very formal (-(์ด)๋๋๊น)
Master
A very formal ending used to ask the listener about something they had heard was true in the past.
์ธ๋๊ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ง์ ๋ฃ๊ณ ๋ ๋ญ๋๋๊น?
After your sister heard that, what did she say it was?
๊ทธ ์๋ฌธ์ ์ง์ง ์ด์ ๊ฐ ๋ญ๋๋๊น?
What did they say the real reason for that rumor was?
์ฌ์ฅ๋์ด ์ด๋ฒ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ญ๋๋๊น?
What did the boss say was the reason behind this decision?
-(์ด)๋๋๋ค
Relaying a heard fact, very formal (-(์ด)๋๋๋ค)
Master
A very formal ending used when the speaker relays to the listener something they heard was true.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ํ๊ธ ๋ํ๋๋๋ค.
I heard Seunggyu is the class representative.
์ด ๋ฐ์ง๊ฐ ํ ๋จธ๋์ ์ ํ์ด๋๋๋ค.
I heard this ring is a keepsake from Grandmother.
์ ์๋น์ด ์ด ๋๋ค์์ ์ ์ผ ๋ง์ง์ด๋๋๋ค.
I heard that restaurant is the best place to eat in this neighborhood.
-(์ด)๋๋๊น
Asking about a heard fact, very formal (-(์ด)๋๋๊น)
Master
A very formal ending used to ask the listener about something they heard was true earlier.
๋๊ฐ ์ง์ ์จ ๋์์ด๋๋๊น?
Who is said to be Jisu's younger sibling?
์ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์๋ก ์๊ธด ๋์๊ด์ด๋๋๊น?
Is that building said to be the newly built library?
์ด๊ฒ ์ ๋ง ์ค๋๊น์ง์ ๋ง๊ฐ์ด๋๋๊น?
Is this really said to be the deadline until today?
-(์ด)๋
Modifying with an assumed statement (-(์ด)๋)
Master
Attached to a noun predicate, used to hypothesize what someone might call or say about something, modifying the noun that follows.
์ด ๊ณต๋ถ๋ ์์ผ๋ก ๋ด๊ฐ ํ๊ณ ์ถ์ ๊ณต๋ถ์ ์ฒซ๊ฑธ์์ด๋ ์ ์๋ค.
This study could be called the first step of what I want to study going forward.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ ๋ํ๋ ๋งํ ํ์์ด๋ค.
That person is a student who could be called our class's representative.
์ด๊ฑด ์ค์๋ ๊ฒ๋ ์๋ ์์ ๋ฌธ์ ์๋ค.
This was a small problem that couldn't even be called a mistake.
-์ผ๋ฌ๋๋ฐ
Was told to X, but... (past), batchim stem (-์ผ๋ฌ๋๋ฐ)
Master
Attached to a consonant-final stem, used to convey an order the speaker heard in the past, implying that the following content contrasts with or relates to it.
์์ฌ๊ฐ ๋ด๋ฐฐ๋ ๋น๋ถ๊ฐ ์ฐธ์ผ๋ฌ๋๋ฐ ์ฐธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋๋ฌด ํ๋ค๋ค.
The doctor told me to hold off on smoking for a while, but it's really hard to resist.
์๋ง๊ฐ ์์นจ์ ๊ผญ ๋จน์ผ๋ฌ๋๋ฐ ์์นจ์ ๋ฐฅ ๋จน์ ์๊ฐ์ด ์์ด.
Mom told me to always eat breakfast, but I don't have time to eat in the morning.
์ ์๋๊ป์ ์ฃผ์๋ฅผ ์ ์ผ๋ฌ๋๋ฐ ๊ฐ์๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์๊ฐ ์๊ฐ์ด ์ ๋ฌ๋ค.
The teacher told me to write down my address, but I suddenly couldn't remember it.
-์ผ๋์ผ
Only if told to X, batchim stem (-์ผ๋์ผ)
Master
Attached to a consonant-final stem, used to indicate that a preceding order or request is the requirement for the following statement.
์ฃผ์ธ์ด ๋จน์ผ๋์ผ ๋จน์ง.
I'll only eat if the owner tells me to.
๋๋ ์ธ์ ๊น์ง ์๋ง๊ฐ ์ป์ผ๋์ผ ์ป์ ๊ฑฐ๋?
Until when will you only wash up if Mom tells you to?
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์๋ค์ ๋ด๊ฐ ์ฑ
์ข ์ฝ์ผ๋์ผ ๊ฒจ์ฐ ์ฝ๋ ์ฒ์ ํด์.
My son only barely pretends to read when I tell him to.
-์ผ๋์์ผ
Questioning an order, batchim stem (-์ผ๋์์ผ)
Master
Attached to a consonant-final stem, used to convey an order while questioning or making a negative judgment about it.
์ข์ํ์ง๋ ์๋ ์ฑ
์ ์ฝ์ผ๋์์ผ ์ฌ๋ฏธ๊ฐ ์๊ฒ ์ด?
How could it be fun if I'm told to read a book I don't even like?
์๋ชป๋ ์ผ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ ์ฐธ์ผ๋์์ผ ๊ทธ๊ฒ ์ฌ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ต์ก์ด๋ผ ํ ์ ์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น?
If we're told to just endure seeing something wrong, can that really be called proper education?
์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ญ ์๋ชปํ๋์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ฑ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ผ๋์์ผ ์ ์ ๊ฒ ์๊ฒ ๋?
If he's told to write a reflection without even knowing what he did wrong, will there be anything to write?
-์ผ๋๋ผ
Relay this order, very informal, batchim stem (-์ผ๋๋ผ)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-lowering expression, attached to a consonant-final stem, used to tell someone to convey a certain order.
๋จผ์ ์จ ์ฌ๋๋ณด๊ณ ์์ ์์ผ๋๋ผ.
Tell whoever came first to sit in front.
์์ด๋คํํ
๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์์ ๋ฐฅ ๋จน์ผ๋๋ผ.
Tell the kids to come eat quickly.
์น๊ท๋๋ฌ ์ง์ ๋ถํด ๋ณด์ด๋ ์์ผ ์ข ๊น์ผ๋๋ผ.
Tell Seunggyu to shave off that messy-looking beard.
-์ผ๋๋
Even though told to X, but... batchim stem (-์ผ๋๋)
Master
Attached to a consonant-final stem, used to indicate that despite an order or request, an irrelevant or opposing content follows.
๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน์ผ๋๋ ์ ๋จน๋๋ ์ง๊ธ์ ์์ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ๋ค๊ณ ๋ผ๋ฉด์ ๋จน๋๋จ๋ค.
I told him to eat, but he didn't โ now he says he's hungry and eats instant noodles.
๋ ์จ๊ฐ ์ถฅ๋ค๊ณ ๋๊ป๊ฒ ์
์ผ๋๋ ๋ฉ์ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ ์๊ฒ ์
๋๋ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๊ตฌ๋.
I told him to dress warmly since it's cold, but he dressed thin to look stylish and caught a cold.
์์ด๊ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฆ์ผ๋๋ ๋ง์ ์ ๋ฃ๋๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด๊ฐ ์ฉ์ด์ ์น๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ์.
Even though told to brush her teeth well, the child didn't listen and now has to go to the dentist for a cavity.
-์ผ๋๋๋ค
Relaying an order heard in person, formal, batchim stem (-์ผ๋๋๋ค)
Master
A formal, moderately addressee-raising expression, attached to a consonant-final stem, used to convey an order the speaker heard in person.
๋จํธ์ด ์ค๋์ ๋์ฅ์ฐ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋์ฌ ๋์ผ๋๋๋ค.
My husband said to have soybean paste stew ready today.
์ง์์ด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋จผ์ ์์ผ๋ ์์ ์์ผ๋๋๋ค.
The employee said since we came first, we should sit in front.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ์ค๋์ ๋ ์ด ์ถ์ฐ๋ ๋์ค์ง ๋ง๊ณ ์ง์ ์์ผ๋๋๋ค.
Seunggyu said since it's cold today, we shouldn't go out and should stay home.
-์ผ๋๋๊น
Asking about an order heard in person, very formal, batchim stem (-์ผ๋๋๊น)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-raising expression, attached to a consonant-final stem, used to ask about an order the listener heard in person.
์ ๋ถ์์๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ฌ ์ธ์ ๊น์ง ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ํผํด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด์๋ ๊ทธ๋ฅ ์ฐธ์ผ๋๋๊น?
Until when did the government say we should just endure this damage?
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ ๋ชป ๋ณธ ๊ฒ์ฒ๋ผ ์นจ๋ฌตํ๊ณ ์์ผ๋๋๊น?
Did they say to stay silent as if we saw nothing?
์ฝ์ ์ธ์ ๋จน์ผ๋๋๊น?
When did they say to take the medicine, again?
-์ผ๋๋๊น
Asking about a known order, very formal, batchim stem (-์ผ๋๋๊น)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-raising expression, attached to a consonant-final stem, used to ask the listener about an order they already know from having heard it.
๋ต์ ์ธ์ ๊น์ง ์ฐพ์ผ๋๋๊น?
Until when am I supposed to find the answer, again?
๋ฐฅ์ ํผ์์ ๋จน์ผ๋๋๊น?
Am I supposed to eat alone, again?
๊ณ๊ธ์ ์๊ด์์ด ๋ชจ๋ ๋ฐ๋ฅ์ ์์ผ๋๋๊น?
Is everyone, regardless of rank, supposed to sit on the floor?
-์ผ๋
Quoted order, modifying a clause, batchim stem (-์ผ๋)
Master
Attached to a consonant-final stem, used to convey an order while it modifies the following statement.
์์ง ์์ด์ธ๋ฐ ํผ์ ์ง์ ์์ผ๋ ์๋ ์๊ณ ํฐ์ผ์ด๋ค.
They're still a child, so it's a real problem โ I can't just tell them to stay home alone.
๋๋ ๋ฐฅ ๋จน์ผ๋ ๋ ์ ๋จน๊ณ ์ ๋ฐค๋ฆ๊ฒ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ๋ค๊ณ ํ๋?
Why don't you eat when told to, and then say you're hungry late at night?
์ง์๋ ์์ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋ ๊ฐ์๊ฒ ์์ผ๋ ๋ ์๋๋ก ํ๋ จ์ ์์ผฐ๋ค.
Jisu trained her dog to sit whenever told to.
-์ผ๋
Quoted order, modifying a noun, batchim stem (-์ผ๋)
Master
Attached to a consonant-final stem, used to convey an order while it modifies the following noun.
๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ก์ผ๋ ๋ง์ ํ ์ ์ด ์๋๋ฐ.
I never said to catch that.
๋ด ์๊ธฐ๋ ์ ์ชฝ์ ์๋ ์์์ ์์ผ๋ ์๊ธฐ์์ด.
What I meant was to sit in the chair over there.
๋ค๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ๊ธ ๋ํํ
ํ ๋ง์ ์ฃฝ์ผ๋ ๊ฒ๋ณด๋ค ๋ ์ฌํ ๋ง์ด์ผ.
What you just said to me is worse than telling me to die.
-์ผ๋ผ์ง๋ง
Granted told to X, but... batchim stem (-์ผ๋ผ์ง๋ง)
Master
Attached to a consonant-final stem, used to mention an order the speaker already knows about while indicating a different actual situation or opinion.
์์์ ๋จ๊ธฐ์ง ๋ง๊ณ ๋ค ๋จน์ผ๋ผ์ง๋ง ์ ๋ ํญ์ ์กฐ๊ธ์ฉ ๋จ๊ธฐ๋ ํธ์ด์์.
I'm told to finish all my food without leaving any, but I usually leave a little.
์ฒญ์๋
๋ ๋ฌธํ ์ํ์ ๋ง์ด ์ฝ์ผ๋ผ์ง๋ง ํ๊ต ๊ณต๋ถ๊ฐ ๋ฐ๋น ์ ์๊ฐ์ด ์์ด์.
I'm told to read a lot of literature as a teenager, but I don't have time because of school.
์ง์๋ ๋ ๋ฐ์ด ์๋๋ฝ๋ค๊ณ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ซ์ผ๋ผ์ง๋ง ์ ๋ ๋ต๋ตํด์ ์ด์ด ๋๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ข์ํด์.
Jisu always tells me to close the door because it's noisy outside, but I feel stuffy and like leaving it open.
-์ผ๋ผ์ฃ
Confirming a known order, batchim stem (-์ผ๋ผ์ฃ )
Master
A polite, casual expression, attached to a consonant-final stem, used to confirm and ask about an order the speaker already knows.
์ด๋จธ๋๊ป์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์ข๋ค๊ณ ๋ค ๋จน์ผ๋ผ์ฃ ?
Your mother said it's good for your health so you should eat it all, right?
์์ฌ ์ ์๋์ด ๋ด๋ฐฐ๋ถํฐ ๋์ผ๋ผ์ฃ ?
The doctor told you to quit smoking first, right?
์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ๋น ๋ ํ ๋ฌ์ ์ฑ
ํ ๊ถ์ ์ฝ์ผ๋ผ์ฃ ?
No matter how busy, you were told to read at least one book a month, right?
-์ผ๋ผ์
Suggesting to jointly demand X, batchim stem (-์ผ๋ผ์)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-lowering expression, attached to a consonant-final stem, used to suggest to the listener that the speaker and listener jointly demand a certain act from someone else.
์ง์๋ณด๊ณ ์ด๋ฒ ํ ๋ฒ๋ง ์ฐธ์ผ๋ผ์.
Let's tell Jisu to be patient just this once.
๋จผ์ ์จ ์ฌ๋๋ค๋ถํฐ ์์ ์์ผ๋ผ์.
Let's tell whoever arrived first to sit in front.
์น๊ท๋๋ฌ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋นผ๊ณ ๊ทธ๋ฅ ๊ฐ์กฑ๋ค์ด๋ ๋จน์ผ๋ผ์.
Let's tell Seunggyu to just eat with his family, without us.
-์ผ๋ผ์ค
Relaying an order, moderately formal, batchim stem (-์ผ๋ผ์ค)
Master
A formal, moderately addressee-raising expression, attached to a consonant-final stem, used to convey another person's order or request.
์ ์๋ง๊ฐ ์ ์์ด๋ฅผ ์ข ์ก์ผ๋ผ์ค.
The child's mother says to catch that kid.
์์ด๋ฒ๋ฆฐ ์ด์ ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ฌ ์ฐพ์ผ๋ผ์ค.
They say we should find the lost key.
์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ํ๋๊ฐ์ด ์ํ์ ์ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ต๊ณผ์๋ฅผ ์ ์ฝ์ผ๋ผ์ค.
Everyone says you should read the textbook well to do well on the exam.
-์ผ๋ผ๋ฉด์
You told me to X, so why...? batchim stem (-์ผ๋ผ๋ฉด์)
Master
Attached to a consonant-final stem, used to question someone about an order or recommendation they already gave.
์ ๋ค์ผ๋ผ๋ฉด์ ์ ์ ๋ ๊ฒ ์์ ์๋ฆฌ๋ก ๋งํด?
You told me to listen well, so why are you speaking so quietly?
๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ผ๋ฉด์ ์ ์์ง ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ ์ ๋ณด๋ด๋ ๊ฑฐ์ผ?
You told me to receive it quickly, so why haven't you sent the item yet?
์๋ก ์ฐ ์ท์ ์
์ผ๋ผ๋ฉด์ ๋นจ์ ๋ฒ๋ ธ๋ค?
You told me to wear the new clothes, but you washed them?
-์ผ๋ผ๋
Asking what order was given, very informal, batchim stem (-์ผ๋ผ๋)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-lowering expression, attached to a consonant-final stem, used to ask the listener what another person ordered or requested.
๋ค์ํ ์์ ์ค์ ๋ฌด์๋ถํฐ ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๋?
What did they say to eat first among the various foods, again?
์ค๋ ํ์ฌ์๋ ์ด๋ค ์ท์ ์
์ผ๋ผ๋?
What clothes did they say to wear for today's event, again?
ํ์ ์ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์จ ์ฑ
์ ์ฝ์ผ๋ผ๋?
What book did they say to read to get good grades, again?
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋ฐ
Conveying a past order, moderate register (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋ฐ)
Master
A formal, moderately addressee-lowering expression used to indirectly express something by conveying an order or request the speaker heard in the past.
์๋ง๊ฐ ๋ฐฅ์ด ๋ณด์ฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์ ์ฑ๊ฒจ ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๋ฐ.
Mom said food is medicine and told me to eat well.
์ฑ
์ ๋ต์ ์์ด๋ ๊ธธ์ ์๋ค๊ณ ์ข ์ฝ์ผ๋ผ๋ฐ.
They said a book may not have answers but shows a way, so they told me to read.
๊ฒฉ์์ ๋ง๋ ์ท์ ์ข ์ฐจ๋ ค์
์ผ๋ผ๋ฐ.
They told me to dress in something more formal.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋ฐ์
Indirectly conveying a known order, trailing off (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋ฐ์)
Master
A polite expression used to indirectly express something, by conveying an order heard earlier in an unfinished sentence.
์ด ์ฌ์ง๊ธฐ ๋ง๊ณ ์ ์ฌ์ง๊ธฐ๋ก ์ฌ์ง์ ์ฐ์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ์.
I heard we're supposed to take the photo with that camera, not this one...
๋ฐ ๋๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ํ ์๊ฐ์ฏค ํ์ ์ํฌ๊ฐ ์ค๋๋ฐ ์๊ธฐ ๋์ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ์.
Assistant Manager Park said a package will arrive in about an hour and asked us to receive it in his place...
๋ค. ์๊ธฐ๋ ์ข ๋ฆ์ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ ์ ํฌ๋ณด๊ณ ํ ๋จผ์ ๋์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ์.
Yes. He said he might be a bit late, so he told us to buy the tickets first...
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋ผ๊ณ
Recalling an order heard in person (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋ผ๊ณ )
Master
An informal, addressee-lowering expression used to recall an order the speaker directly heard in person.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ๊ธ๋ฐฉ ์ฌ ํ
๋๊น ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์์ผ๋ผ๋๋ผ๊ณ .
Seunggyu said he'd be right here, so I was told to wait here.
ํ
๋ ๋น์ ์์ ๋ดค๋๋ฐ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน์ ๋ ์ผ์ฑ์ ํจ๊ป ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๋๋ผ๊ณ .
I saw on TV that you're supposed to eat meat together with vegetables.
๋จํธ์ด ๋๋ ์๋ ๊ฒ ์์๋ค๊ณ ์ฌ์ง ์ฐ์ ๋ ๊ผญ ๋ฏธ์๋ฅผ ์ง์ผ๋ผ๋๋ผ๊ณ .
My husband said my smile looks pretty, so he told me to always smile when taking pictures.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋ผ
Conveying an order, very informal (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋ผ)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-lowering expression used to tell or convey someone's order or request to the listener.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด ํธ์ง๋ ๋์ค์ ์ฝ์ผ๋ผ๋๋ผ.
That person said to read this letter later.
์ด ์๋ฅ๋ค์ ๋ดํฌ์ ์ ๋ฃ์ผ๋ผ๋๋ผ.
I was told to put these documents neatly in the envelope.
ํผ์๋
ธ๋ฅผ ์น ๋ค์๋ ๋จผ์ง๊ฐ ์์ ์ ์์ผ๋๊น ๋๊ป์ ๋ฎ์ผ๋ผ๋๋ผ.
I was told to close the lid after playing the piano since dust could settle on it.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋
Mentioning a known order, then continuing (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋)
Master
Used to mention an order the speaker knows from having heard it, then connect it to a statement about an unexpected situation.
๊ฐ์ ์๊ธฐ ๊ฐ๋ฐฉ์ ์ฐพ์ผ๋ผ๋๋ ๋ด ๊ฐ๋ฐฉ์ ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์๋๊ฑธ?
They said each of us should find our own bag, but mine isn't here?
๋ฐ๊ฐ๋ฃจ ๋ฐ์ฃฝ์ ๋ฌผ์ ๋ ๋ถ์ผ๋ผ๋๋ ๋ฐ์ฃฝ์ด ๋๋ฌด ๋ฌด๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋์์์.
They said to add more water to the flour dough, and now the dough is too soft.
์๊น๋ ๋ง์๊ป ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๋๋ ์ด์ ์์ ์์์ด ๋ชจ์๋๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ฉด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ํด.
They said to eat as much as we wanted earlier โ now saying there's not enough food doesn't make sense.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๊ตฐ์
Conveying a newly-heard order, polite (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๊ตฐ์)
Master
A polite, addressee-raising expression used to convey a newly-heard order or request to the listener.
์ด ์ผ์ ์ค์ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ ์น๊ท ์จ๊ฐ ๋งก์ผ๋ผ๋๊ตฐ์.
I heard they said Seunggyu should take on this task since it's important.
์๋ฅ ์ค์ ๋น ์ง ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ฐ ๋ญ์ง ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ค๊ณ ์ฐพ์ผ๋ผ๋๊ตฐ์.
I heard they said to find whatever document is missing from the set.
ํ ์ผ์ด ๋ง์ผ๋ ๋ฐฅ์ ๊ฐ๋จํ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๋๊ตฐ์.
I heard they said to eat quickly and simply since there's a lot of work to do.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๊ตฐ
Conveying a newly-heard order, casual (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๊ตฐ)
Master
An informal, addressee-lowering expression used to convey a newly-heard order to the listener.
๋ด์ผ ํ์ฌ์์๋ ์ด ์ท์ ์
์ผ๋ผ๋๊ตฐ.
I heard we're supposed to wear these clothes at tomorrow's event.
๊ทธ ๋ด์ฉ์ ์ดํดํ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด ์ฑ
์ ๋จผ์ ์ฝ์ผ๋ผ๋๊ตฐ.
I heard you're supposed to read this book first to understand the content.
์์ง ํ์๊ฐ ๋๋์ง ์์๋ค. ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์์ผ๋ผ๋๊ตฐ.
The meeting isn't over yet โ I was told to keep waiting.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๊น๋
Re-stressing an order strongly, casual (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๊น๋)
Master
An informal, addressee-lowering expression used to strongly stress an order one more time, when the listener does not obey.
๊ฒ์ ๊ทธ๋งํ๊ณ ๋ฐฅ ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๋๊น๋!
Stop the game and eat, I said!
๋งํ์ฑ
๋ง ๋ณด์ง ๋ง๊ณ ์ฑ
์ ์ฝ์ผ๋ผ๋๊น๋!
Don't just read comics โ read real books, I said!
๋ง์ฝ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ์ง ๋ง๊ณ ์์ ํ ์ข ์์ผ๋ผ๋๊น๋!
Don't cause trouble, just sit still, I said!
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋ฐ์ผ
Given the order, there's no choice but to... (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋ฐ์ผ)
Master
Used to indicate that, given the order or recommendation heard, the speaker has no choice but to follow it under the circumstances.
์๊พธ ์ ๋ฌผ์ ์ฌ์ํ์ง ๋ง๊ณ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ์ผ ๊ทธ๋ฅ ๋ฐ์์ผ์ง ์ด์ฉ๊ฒ ์ด.
Since they keep telling me not to refuse the gift and just accept it, I guess I have to.
๋ค๋ค ๋์๊ฒ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ์์ ํ์ฅ์ ๋งก์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ์ผ ๋ ์ด์ ๋บ ์๊ฐ ์๋๋ผ๊ณ .
Since everyone keeps telling me to take on the club presidency, I couldn't keep declining.
์ง์๊ฐ ์ ๋ง ๋ง์๋ค๋ฉฐ ์กฐ๊ธ์ด๋ผ๋ ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ์ผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ ๋ถ๋ฌ๋ ๋จน์ด์ผ๊ฒ ๋๋ผ.
Since Jisu kept saying it was really delicious and telling me to eat at least a little, I had to eat even though I was full.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋จ
Gently refuting an order, very informal (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋จ)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-lowering expression used to gently refute an order.
๋ง์์ด์ ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ ๋๋ณด๊ณ ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๋จ.
Why tell me to eat it when you were about to throw it out for being bad?
์๊ธฐ๋ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ชป ๋ค๋ฉด์ ์ ๋ ํผ์ ๋ค์ผ๋ผ๋จ.
You can't even lift it yourself since it's heavy โ why tell me to carry it alone?
์ง๊ธ ๋ฐ์ด๊ฐ๋ ๋ฒ์ค๋ฅผ ์ก์ง ๋ชปํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ ์ ์ก์ผ๋ผ๋จ.
Even if I run now I won't catch the bus โ why tell me to catch it?
-(์ผ)๋ผ๊ณค
Quoting an order, contracted (-(์ผ)๋ผ๊ณค)
Master
A contracted form of -(์ผ)๋ผ๊ณ ๋, used to quote an order and give its opposite fact.
๋ํํ
๋ด ์ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋์ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ผ๊ณค ์ ํ์ด.
I didn't tell you to receive my package for me.
์น๊ท ์จ์๊ฒ ๊ตณ์ด ์ด๋ฐ ์ผ๊น์ง ๋งก์ผ๋ผ๊ณค ํ ์ ์์์ด.
I couldn't bring myself to tell Seunggyu to take on even this task.
๊ทธ ๋ง์ ์์๋ค์ ๋จ๊ธฐ์ง ๋ง๊ณ ๋ค ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๊ณค ํ์ง ์์์ง.
I never said to finish all that food without leaving any.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๊ณ ๋
Quoting an order, then contrasting it (-(์ผ)๋ผ๊ณ ๋)
Master
Used to quote an order or request while stating a fact that contrasts with it.
์ฌ๊ธฐ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฐ์ผ๋ผ๊ณ ํ์ง ๋ด ์ฌ์ง์ ์ฐ์ผ๋ผ๊ณ ๋ ํ ์ ์ด ์๋๋ฐ.
I said to photograph the scenery here โ I never told you to photograph me.
์ง์ํํ
์ต์ง๋ก ๊ทธ ์ผ์ ๋งก์ผ๋ผ๊ณ ๋ ํ ์ ์ด ์๋๋ฐ ์ ์์ํด ๋๊ณ ํ๊ธฐ ์ซ๋?
I never forced Jisu to take on that job โ why does she volunteer and then not want to do it?
์ ๋ฌผ์ ๋งก์ ๋ฌ๋ผ๊ณ ํ์ง ํฌ์ฅ์ ๋ฏ์ผ๋ผ๊ณ ๋ ํ์ง ์์์ด.
I asked you to hold onto the gift โ I never told you to unwrap it.
-์ฌ๋
Even suggesting X, but... (-์ฌ๋)
Master
Used to indicate that although the preceding statement suggests or recommends doing something together, the following content is unrelated or the opposite.
์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ด ๋ฐฅ ํ๋ฒ ๋จน์ฌ๋ ๋๋ ์์ ํต ์๊ฐ์ด ์๋ค.
Even though my friends suggest getting a meal together, I have absolutely no time these days.
์น๊ท๋ ๋ด๊ฐ ์ฒ์ฒํ ๊ฐ์ฌ๋ ์ด์กฐํดํ๋ฉฐ ๋๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ดํ๋ค.
Even though I suggested going slowly, Seunggyu got anxious and rushed me.
์ด์ ๊ทธ๋ง ์์ฌ๋ ์์ด๋ ๋์ด์ ์ ์ ์ด ํ๋ ค ์ ์๊ฐ์ ์ ํ๋ค.
Even when I suggest it's time to sleep, the child is too absorbed in playing to think about sleeping.
-์ก๋๋ค
Relaying a suggestion heard in person, very formal (-์ก๋๋ค)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-raising expression used to convey a recommendation the speaker heard in person.
์ง์ ๊ฐ๋ ค๊ณ ํ๋๋ฐ ์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ ํ์ ํ์ก๋๋ค.
I was about to go home, but a friend suggested having a drink.
๋จํธ์ด ๋น์ธ๋ค๊ณ ๊ทธ ์ํ๋ ์ฌ์ง ๋ง์ก๋๋ค.
My husband said it was expensive and suggested we not buy that sofa.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ์ ๋
์๋ ์๊ฐ์ด ์ ๋๋ ์ ์ฌ ๋ ๋ง๋์ก๋๋ค.
Seunggyu said he wasn't free in the evening and suggested meeting at lunchtime.
-์ก๋๊น
Asking about a suggestion heard in person, very formal (-์ก๋๊น)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-raising expression used to ask about a suggestion the listener heard in person.
์ ์์์ ์ด๋ฐ ์ผ์ ์กฐ์ฉ์กฐ์ฉ ๋์ด๊ฐ์ก๋๊น?
Why did the higher-ups suggest quietly letting this matter slide?
๋งจ๋ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๋ฐ์๋ค๋ฉด์ ๋์ฒด ์ธ์ ๋ง๋์ก๋๊น?
If you're always so busy, when exactly did they suggest meeting?
๋ด๊ฐ ์ธ์ ๋น์ ํ๊ณ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ก๋๊น? ์ฑ
์์๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋ฌ์, ์ฑ
์์๋ฅผ.
When did I ever suggest talking with you? Call the person in charge, the person in charge.
-์ก๋๋ค
Relaying a known suggestion, very formal (-์ก๋๋ค)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-raising expression used when the speaker conveys a suggestion he/she already knows about in an objective manner.
์์ด๋ค์ด ์ฌ๋ฆ์ ๋ฐ๋ค๋ก ๋๋ฌ ๊ฐ์ก๋๋ค.
The kids are suggesting we go to the beach this summer.
์๋ด๋ ์ด๋ฒ ์ฃผ๋ง์ ์ง๋ค์ด๋ฅผ ํ์ก๋๋ค.
My wife is suggesting we have a housewarming party this weekend.
์๊ตฌ๋ค์ด ์ค๋๋ง์ ๋ถ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน์ก๋๋ค.
My family is suggesting we have bulgogi, since it's been a while.
-์ก๋๊น
Asking about a known suggestion, very formal (-์ก๋๊น)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-raising expression used to ask the listener about a suggestion or recommendation the listener already knows about.
์ค๋์ ์ด๋์ฅ์ ๋ช ๋ฐํด ๋ฐ์ก๋๊น?
How many laps of the field are we supposed to run today, again?
ํ์ ๋๋ค์ด ๊ฐ์ ๋ญ ํ๊ณ ๋์ก๋๊น?
What is it your brother suggested doing on the outing, again?
์ง๊ธ๊น์ง ๋ชจ์ ๋ ๋์ ์ ๋ถ ๋ค ์ฐ์ก๋๊น?
Are we really supposed to spend all the money we've saved up so far?
-์
Quoted suggestion, modifying a clause (-์)
Master
Used to quote a suggestion or recommendation while it modifies the following statement.
์์ง ํ์ฌ๋ฅผ ํจ๊ป ๊พธ๋ ค ๋๊ฐ์ ์ฌ๋์ ์ฐพ์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค.
I still haven't found someone willing to run the company together.
์ ์ํ ํฐ์ผ์ด ์๊ฒผ๋๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ์ ๋งํ ์ฌ๋์ด ์์ด.
I got exhibition tickets, but there's no one I could suggest going with.
๊ทธ๋๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ ๋์์ ์ฒญํ์ ์ ๋๋ก ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ํ๋ค์ง๋ ์์์.
Still, we're not so badly off that we'd need to ask for someone else's help.
-์
Quoted suggestion, modifying a noun (-์)
Master
Used to quote a remark such as a suggestion or recommendation while modifying the following noun.
๋ด๊ฐ ๋ณด์ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํํ๋ ํ์ง ์๋๋ค๋๊น.
If you watch the movie I suggested, you won't regret it.
๋๋ ๋จํธ์๊ฒ ์ด์ ๊ทธ๋ง ์ง์ ๋์๊ฐ์ ๋๋น์ ๋ณด๋๋ค.
I gave my husband a look suggesting we go home now.
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋๊น ์์ผ๋ก ์๋ ์ฒํ์ง ๋ง์ ๋ป์ด๋?
So does that mean you're suggesting we not act like we know each other from now on?
-๋ฌ์
Even granting what's said to be N (-๋ฌ์)
Master
Used to indicate that, although the speaker accepts the preceding statement (heard from someone), it is below expectation or of little value.
๋น์ผ ์๋์ฐจ๋ฌ์ ํ ๋ฌ๋ง ํ๋ฉด ์ค๊ณ ์ฐจ์ง์.
Even if it's said to be an expensive car, after just a month it's a used car.
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋ ๊ณต์์ด๋ฌ์ ์์์ ๋๊ตฌ ์ง ๋ง๋น ๊ฐ์์.
Even calling it a park, it's so small it feels like someone's yard.
์น๊ตฌ๋ฌ์ ์ด๋ ค์ด ์ผ ์์ ๋ ์ฐ๋ฝ๋ ์๋๊ฑธ์.
Even calling them a friend, they don't even contact me when I'm having a hard time.
-๋ฌ๋๋ฐ
Was said to be N, but... (past) (-๋ฌ๋๋ฐ)
Master
Used to convey what the speaker heard in the past, implying that the following content contrasts with or relates to it.
์ง์๋ ์ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ๋จ์ง ์น๊ตฌ๋ฌ๋๋ฐ ์ ๋ง ๋งค์ผ ๋ถ์ด ๋ค๋๋ค.
I heard Jisu and Yumin were best friends, and they really are inseparable every day.
์์ด๊ฐ ์ด๊ฑด ์๊ธฐ ๊ณต์ด ์๋๋ฌ๋๋ฐ ์ ๋ณด๋๊น ๊ทธ ์์ด ์ด๋ฆ์ด ์ ํ ์์์?
The child said this wasn't their ball, but look closely โ their name is written on it.
์น๊ท๋ ๋ถ๋ชจ๋๊ป์ ๋ ๋ถ ๋ค ์ ์๋์ด์๋ฌ๋๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋์ ์น๊ท๊ฐ ๊ณต๋ถ๋ฅผ ์ํ๋ ๋ณด๋ค.
Seunggyu said both his parents are teachers โ that must be why he's so good at studying.
-๋์ผ
Only if it's said to be N (-๋์ผ)
Master
Used to indicate that the preceding statement (heard from someone) is the requirement for the following statement.
์ฝ์ด๋์ผ ์์ด๋ค์ด ์์ ์ ๋์.
Only if it's called medicine will the kids not touch it.
์๊ธฐ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด๋์ผ ๊ฐ์๋ฅผ ์ํ์ง์.
Only if it's said to be their own thing do they take good care of it.
์น๊ท๋ ์คํฌ์ธ ๋ด์ค๋์ผ ๋ณด์ง ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ด์ค๋ ์ ๋ด์.
Seunggyu only watches the news if it's sports news โ he doesn't watch other news.
-๋์์ผ
Questioning what's heard to be N (-๋์์ผ)
Master
An expression used to question or make a negative judgment about something the speaker heard or learned.
๊ฐ์ ํ์ ์ผ์ธ๋ฐ ์๊ธฐ ์ผ์ด ์๋๋์์ผ ๋๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น?
It's the same team's business โ how can he say it's not his concern?
์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์๋ ์ง์ด๋์์ผ ๋ฐค์ด๊ณ ๋ฎ์ด๊ณ ์๋๋ฌ์๋ ๋๋ต๋๊น?
Just because it's said to be a house with a baby, does that mean it's fine to be noisy day and night?
๋งค์ผ ๋จน๋ ์์์ด ๋ผ๋ฉด์ด๋์์ผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์ ์งํ๊ฒ ์ด์?
If the food you eat every day is said to be instant noodles, how could you stay healthy?
-๋๋ผ
Relay this order, very informal (-๋๋ผ)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-lowering expression used to tell someone to convey a certain order to a third party.
์๋๋ฌ์ฐ๋๊น ๋ผ๋์ค ์ข ๋๋๋ผ.
It's noisy, so tell them to turn off the radio.
์์ด๋คํํ
์ฌ๊ธฐ์๋ ๋ฐ์ด๋ค๋์ง ๋ง๋๋ผ.
Tell the kids not to run around here.
๋ค์ ์ค๋ ์ฌ๋๋คํํ
๊ณ๋จ์ด ๋์ผ๋๊น ๋ด๋ ค์ฌ ๋ ์กฐ์ฌํ๋๋ผ.
Tell the people coming behind that the stairs are steep, so be careful coming down.
-(์ด)๋ผ์ฃ
Confirming a known fact, casually polite (-(์ด)๋ผ์ฃ )
Master
A polite, casual expression used when the speaker confirms and asks about a fact already known to be N.
์ด๋ฒ ๊ฐ์์ ๋์์ ๊ณ ๋ฑํ์์ด๋ผ์ฃ ?
This lecture's audience is high schoolers, right?
์ด ๋๋ค๋ ๋ฎ๊ณผ ๋ฐค์ด ์์ ํ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ์ฃ ?
This neighborhood is completely different by day and night, right?
์์คํ
์ด ๋ฐ๋์์ผ๋ ์ด์ ๋ ์ด๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ํ๋ ๊ฒ ์๋๋ผ์ฃ ?
Since the system changed, it's not done this way anymore, right?
-(์ด)๋ผ์
Suggesting to jointly demand something of someone (-(์ด)๋ผ์)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-lowering expression used to suggest to the listener that the speaker and listener jointly demand a certain action from someone else.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ์ํ ์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ๋๋์ด ๋ฌ๋ผ์.
Let's ask them to share the materials we need too.
ํ๋น๋ฅผ ์ ๋ธ ํ์๋ค์๊ฒ ํ๋น๋ฅผ ๋ด๋ผ์.
Let's tell the members who haven't paid dues to pay them.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด์๊ฒ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋์ ํ์์ ์ฐธ์ํ๋ผ์.
Let's ask Minjun to attend the meeting in our place.
-(์ด)๋ผ์ค
Conveying a heard fact, moderately formal (-(์ด)๋ผ์ค)
Master
A formal, moderately addressee-raising expression used to tell the listener something the speaker knows from having heard it.
์ง์ ๋ง๋ก๋ ์ด๊ฒ์ด ์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ์ค.
According to Jisu, this is a new one.
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋๋ฐ ๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ๋ฐ์ฅ์ด ์๋๋ผ์ค.
Yumin says Minjun isn't the class president.
์์ฐ๊ฐ ์์ง ์ผ์ด ๋จ์์ผ๋ ํ๋ ๋จผ์ ๊ฐ์๋ผ์ค.
Since your younger brother still has work left, they say go ahead, older brother.
-(์ด)๋ผ์ผ์ง์
Stating one's determination about it being N, politely (-(์ด)๋ผ์ผ์ง์)
Master
A polite expression used to indicate the speaker's determination or will regarding something being N.
์ด๋ฒ ์ํ์ ๊ผด์ฐ๊ฐ ์๋๋ผ์ผ์ง์.
This exam, I really shouldn't come in last.
์ด๋จธ๋์ ๋ณ์ ๋งก๊ธธ ๋ถ์ ๊ทธ ๋ถ์ผ์ ์ต๊ณ ์์ฌ๋ผ์ผ์ง์.
The person I entrust my mother's illness to really should be the best doctor in that field.
์ด๋ฒ ์ฌํ์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ ์กฐ์ฉํ๊ณ ํํ๋ก์ด ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ์ผ์ง์.
Since this trip is to rest, it really should be a quiet and peaceful place.
-(์ด)๋ผ์ผ์ง
Expressing pity or admiration about it being N (-(์ด)๋ผ์ผ์ง)
Master
An informal, addressee-lowering expression used to indicate pity, surprise, or admiration about the preceding content.
์ง๊ธ ๋ด ์
์ฅ์ด ์ฌ๊ฐ ๊ณค๋ํ ๊ฒ ์๋๋ผ์ผ์ง.
My situation right now really couldn't be more awkward.
์ด ๋ด์ฉ์ ์์ ํ ์ดํดํ๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ์ผ์ง.
This is something you really need to fully understand and know.
์์ ์ ๊ถ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๋นํ๊ฒ ๋ด์ธ์ฐ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ์ผ์ง.
This really is about legitimately asserting one's own rights.
-(์ด)๋ผ๋
Asking what someone else said, very informal (-(์ด)๋ผ๋)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-lowering expression used to ask the listener what another person said about something being N.
์ด๊ฑฐ ๋๊ตฌ ์ฑ
์ด๋ผ๋?
Whose book did they say this is?
๊ฑฐ์ง๋งํ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋๊ตฌ๋ผ๋?
Who did they say the liar was?
๋ํธํ ๋ชจ์ ์ฅ์๊ฐ ์ด๋๋ผ๋?
Where did they say the club's meeting place was?
-(์ด)๋ผ๋ ๊ฐ
N or something like it (listing/choosing) (-(์ด)๋ผ๋ ๊ฐ)
Master
Attached to a noun, used to choose one out of two or more listed items.
์์ฐ๊ณ๋ผ๋ ๊ฐ ์ธ๋ฌธ๊ณ๋ผ๋ ๊ฐ ๋ค๊ฐ ์ ์ฑ์ ์๊ฐํด์ ๊ณ์ด์ ์ ํํด์ผ์ง.
Science track or humanities track โ you should choose based on your own aptitude.
ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ ๊ฐ ํผ์๋ผ๋ ๊ฐ ๋จน๊ณ ์ถ์ ๊ฑธ ํ ๊ฐ์ง ์๊ธฐํด.
Hamburger or pizza โ tell me one thing you want to eat.
์ด์ ๋จ์ ์น๊ตฌ๋ผ๋ ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฅ ์น๊ตฌ๋ผ๋ ๊ฐ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋ช
ํ ํด์ผ ํ ๋์ธ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์.
It seems like it's time to make clear whether it's a boyfriend or just a friend.
-(์ด)๋ผ๋ฐ
Repeating a heard fact as-is (-(์ด)๋ผ๋ฐ)
Master
A formal, moderately addressee-lowering expression used to repeat exactly what the speaker heard about something being N.
์ ๊ฑด ์ค๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋ฐ.
They say that's the Chinese flag.
์ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ํ๊ตญ์์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋์ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋ฐ.
They say that building is the tallest in Korea.
์ ์น๊ตฌ๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋ ๊ฒ ์๋ ๋ง๋ฌผ๋ฐ์ฌ๋ผ๋ฐ.
They say that friend is a know-it-all who knows everything.
-(์ด)๋ผ๋๋ฐ์
Indirectly conveying a heard fact, trailing off (-(์ด)๋ผ๋๋ฐ์)
Master
A polite expression used to indirectly express what the speaker wants to say, by conveying something heard before in an unfinished sentence.
์ ๋จ์ ๋ถ์ด ์ด ์๋น ์๋ฆฌ์ฌ๋ผ๋๋ฐ์.
I heard that man is this restaurant's chef...
์ด๊ฒ ๋ง๋ ์์ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋ ์๋ผ๋๋ฐ์.
I heard this is the filling that goes inside the dumplings...
๊ฒฝํ์ด์ผ๋ง๋ก ์ฐ ๊ต์ก์ด๋ผ๋๋ฐ์.
I heard experience really is the best education...
-(์ด)๋ผ๋
Asking about something the listener may already know (-(์ด)๋ผ๋)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-lowering expression used to ask the listener about something the speaker thinks the listener already knows about being N.
์กฐ๊ธ ์ ์ ์จ ์ฌ๋์ ๋๊ตฌ๋ผ๋?
Who was it that came a little while ago, again?
์ง์๊ฐ ๋ด์ฌ ํ๋ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ณณ์ด ์ด๋๋ผ๋?
Where was it that Jisu goes for volunteer work, again?
๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ๋ ์ด๋์ ์ฐ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋?
What was it that machine used for, again?
-(์ด)๋ผ๋๋ผ๊ณ
Recalling a fact heard in person (-(์ด)๋ผ๋๋ผ๊ณ )
Master
An informal, addressee-lowering expression used to recall something the speaker directly heard about it being N.
์ด์ ๋ด์ค์์ ์์ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋๋ฌด ์ฌ๋ผ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ผ๋๋ผ๊ณ .
Yesterday's news said prices have risen too much lately and it's a problem.
๋ํ์์ธ ์ค ์์๋๋ฐ ์ง์๊ฐ ์์ง ๊ณ ๋ฑํ์์ด๋ผ๋๋ผ๊ณ .
I thought she was a college student, but I heard Jisu is still in high school.
์ ๋ฏผ์ดํํ
์ด๋ค ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ ์ข์ํ๋๊ณ ๋ฌผ์๋๋ ๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๋๋ผ๊ณ .
I asked Yumin what subject they liked, and they said it was Korean language.
-(์ด)๋ผ๋๋ผ
Conveying a heard fact, very informal (-(์ด)๋ผ๋๋ผ)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-lowering expression used to convey to the listener something the speaker heard about it being N.
์๊น ๊ทธ ์ฌ์๊ฐ ๋ฏผ์ค ์จ ๋ถ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋๋ผ.
I heard that woman earlier is Minjun's wife.
์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ผ์ ์ํ๋ค๊ณ ํด์ ๋ค ์ธ์ ์ ๋ฐ๋ ๊ฒ๋ ์๋๋ผ๋๋ผ.
I heard that no matter how well you work, it doesn't mean you'll all be recognized.
ํ์ ์๊ฐ์ ๋งํ ๊ฒ ์์ฆ ํ์ฌ์ ๋ฐฉ์นจ์ด๋ผ๋๋ผ.
I heard what was said in the meeting is the company's current policy.
-(์ด)๋ผ๋๋
Mentioning a heard fact, then continuing (-(์ด)๋ผ๋๋)
Master
Attached to a noun to mention something the speaker knows from having heard it, then connect it to what follows.
์๋ก ์ง์ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋๋ ์ ๋ง ๊นจ๋ํ๋ค์.
They said it's a newly built building, and it really is clean.
์ ํ์์ด๋ผ๋๋ ํ๊ตญ์ด๋ฅผ ์ํ์๋ค์.
They said you're an international student, and you speak Korean well.
๋ค์น ๊ณณ์ด ์ค๋ฅธ์์ด๋ผ๋๋ ์๊ฐ๋ฝ์ ๋ค ์ ์๊ฒ ์ด์?
They said the injury was to your right hand โ can you hold a spoon?
-(์ด)๋ผ๋๋
Rhetorically questioning that it's N (-(์ด)๋ผ๋๋)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-lowering expression used to question something as if in rebuttal, strongly asserting the opposite meaning.
๊ทธ ์ ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฌ๊ณ ๋ ํ์์ด๋ผ๋๋?
And after doing that, is he even a student?
๋ด๊ฐ ์ธ์ ์ ์ํ๊ฐ ์ค๋์ด๋ผ๋๋?
When did I ever say the exhibition was today?
์ด๊ฑด ํ๋ฆผ์๋ ์ฌ์ค์ธ๋ฐ, ๋๊ฐ ์ฌ์ค์ด ์๋๋ผ๋๋?
This is undoubtedly true โ who's saying it isn't?
-(์ด)๋ผ๋๊ตฐ์
Conveying a newly-heard fact, polite (-(์ด)๋ผ๋๊ตฐ์)
Master
A polite, addressee-raising expression used to convey a newly-learned fact about something being N to the listener.
์ ๋ถ์ด ์๋ก ์ค์ ์ ์๋์ด๋ผ๋๊ตฐ์.
I heard that person is the new teacher.
์ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ง์๊ฐ ์ด์ฌํ ์ํํธ๋ผ๋๊ตฐ์.
I heard this is the apartment Jisu will move into.
์ด๊ฒ ๋์ง๋ ๋จน๋ ํฅ์ฃฝ์ด๋ผ๋๊ตฐ์.
I heard this is the red bean porridge eaten on the winter solstice.
-(์ด)๋ผ๋๊ตฐ
Conveying a newly-heard fact, casual (-(์ด)๋ผ๋๊ตฐ)
Master
An informal, addressee-lowering expression used to convey a newly-heard fact about something being N to the listener.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ ํ์์ด ์๋๋ผ ์ ์์ด๋ผ๋๊ตฐ.
I heard that person isn't a student, but a teacher.
์น๊ท๋ ์๊ณจ ์ถ์ ์ด๋ผ๋๊ตฐ.
I heard Seunggyu is from the countryside.
ํผ์๋ ํ๊ตญ์ ๋น๋๋ก ๊ฐ์ ์์์ด๋ผ๋๊ตฐ.
I heard pizza is like Korea's bindaetteok.
-(์ด)๋ผ๋๊น
Re-stressing that it's N, casual (-(์ด)๋ผ๋๊น)
Master
An informal, addressee-lowering variant of -(์ด)๋ผ๋๊น โ used to stress the speaker's position when asked or requested repeatedly.
๊ฑฐ๊ธด ์ง์ ์๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋๊น.
I said, that's Jisu's seat.
์๋, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฏธ๋๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋๊น.
No, I said that's minari.
์๋. ์ผ์ญํ ๋ฒ์ด ํ๊ต ๊ฐ๋ ๋ฒ์ค๋ผ๋๊น.
No. I said the 38 is the bus that goes to school.
-(์ด)๋ผ๋๊น์
Re-stressing that it's N, politely (-(์ด)๋ผ๋๊น์)
Master
A polite expression used to stress the speaker's own remark about it being N, while reconfirming what was said earlier.
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ ๊ฐ ๋จ๊ธด ๊ฒ ์๋๋ผ๋๊น์.
I'm telling you, that's not what I left over.
์น๊ท๋ ๊ตฐ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋๊น์.
I'm telling you, Seunggyu is a soldier.
์ง์๋ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ผ๋๊น์.
I'm telling you, Jisu is a model.
-(์ด)๋ผ๋๊น๋
Re-stressing that it's N, very informal (-(์ด)๋ผ๋๊น๋)
Master
A very informal expression used to stress the speaker's own position or opinion about it being N, when asked or requested repeatedly.
์ค๋์ ๊ฐ๊ต๊ธฐ๋
์ผ์ด๋ผ๋๊น๋.
I told you, today is the school's founding anniversary.
์ด๊ฒ ์ค๋ ์์ ๋ผ๋๊น๋.
I told you, this is today's homework.
์ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ด ๊ณ ํฅ์ด๋ผ๋๊น๋.
I told you, this is my hometown.
-(์ด)๋ผ๋๋ฐ์ผ
Given that it's said to be N, there's no choice but to... (-(์ด)๋ผ๋๋ฐ์ผ)
Master
Attached to a noun to indicate that, given the circumstances someone stated about it being N, the speaker has no choice but to say what follows.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๊ฐ ์ด๊ฑด ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋งก์ ์ผ์ด ์๋๋ผ๋๋ฐ์ผ ๋๋ ๋ถํํ ์ ์์ง.
Since Minjun says this isn't his job to handle, I can't ask him anymore.
๋๋๊ฐ ๊ณ์ ๊ทธ๋ฐ ์ข์ ์ง์ ๊ตฌํ๋ ๊ฒ ์๋๋ผ๋๋ฐ์ผ ๋ด๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๊ณ ์งํ๊ฒ ์ด.
Since my sister keeps saying not to look for such a cramped place, how could I insist?
์น๊ท๊ฐ ์๊ธฐ๋ ํ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ์ด๋ผ๋๋ฐ์ผ ๊ทธ๋ฐ ์ํํ ์ง์ญ์ ์ถ์ฅ์ ๋ณด๋ผ ์๋ ์์ง.
Since Seunggyu says he's the head of his household, I can't send him on a business trip to such a dangerous area.
-(์ด)๋ผ๋จ
Gently refuting that it's N, very informal (-(์ด)๋ผ๋จ)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-lowering expression used to gently refute something about it being N.
๋๊ฐ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋จ?
Who says they're going, huh?
๋๊ฐ ๋ด์ผ ์ํ์ด ์๋๋ผ๋จ?
Who says tomorrow isn't the exam, huh?
๋๊ฐ ๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ด ๋จ์ ์น๊ตฌ๋ผ๋จ?
Who says that person is my boyfriend, huh?
-(์ด)๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋ ์
Basing one's action on what was said, politely (-(์ด)๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋ ์)
Master
Attached to a noun, in a polite register, to indicate that the speaker's own behavior is based on another person's remark about it being N.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด์๊ฒ ์ค ์ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋ ์. ๋ง์ง์ง ๋ง์ธ์.
It's a gift for Minjun, they said, so please don't touch it.
์กฐ๊ธ ์๋ค ์ค์ ๋ค๊ณ ๋จผ์ ๋์๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋ ์. ๋จผ์ ๋์ธ์.
They said to eat first since he's coming a bit later โ please eat first.
ํฐ ๋ณ์ด ์๋๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋ ์. ๊ฑฑ์ ํ์ง ๋ง์ธ์.
They said it's not a serious illness โ please don't worry.
-ใด/๋๋ค๊ฑฐ๋
if it turns out that (reported condition) (-ใด/๋๋ค๊ฑฐ๋ )
Master
Used to say that what someone else said is the condition for what comes next.
์น๊ท ์จ๊ฐ ์ถ์ฅ์ ๊ฐ๋ค๊ฑฐ๋ ์๋ฅ๋ฅผ ์ ์ฑ๊ฒจ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
If it turns out Seunggyu is going on a business trip, please make sure he has his documents.
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๊ฐ ๊ณต๋ถํ๋ค๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ํฌ๋ค์ ๋ฐ์ ๋๊ฐ ๋์๋ผ.
If Yumin is studying, you all go play outside.
ํ ๋จธ๋๊ป์ ์์ฌํ์ ๋ค๊ฑฐ๋ ์ฃฝ์ ๋ฐ์ ๋๋ฆฌ์ธ์.
If Grandma is about to eat, please warm up her porridge.
-ใด/๋๋ค๊ฑฐ๋ ์
it's because... (explaining basis, polite) (-ใด/๋๋ค๊ฑฐ๋ ์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to explain that the speaker's own action is based on something someone else said.
์์๊ฐ ๋ด์ผ ์ฌํ์ ๋ ๋๋ค๊ฑฐ๋ ์. ๊ฐ์ ๋์์ค์ผ๊ฒ ์ด์.
It's because Yeongsu is leaving on a trip tomorrow. I should go help him.
์ฒญ์๋ ์ ๊ฐ ํ๊ณ ๋๋๋ ์์์ ๋ง๋ ๋ค๊ฑฐ๋ ์. ๊ฑฑ์ ํ์ง ๋ง์ธ์.
I'll clean and my sister is making the food. Don't worry.
๋ด์ผ ํ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ป์ ์ง์ ์ค์ ๋ค๊ฑฐ๋ ์. ๊ทธ๋์ ๋ด์ผ์ ์ผ์ฐ ์ง์ ๊ฐ์ผ ํด์.
Grandpa is coming home tomorrow. So I have to go home early tomorrow.
-ใด/๋๋ค๊ธฐ์
since I heard that... (reason) (-ใด/๋๋ค๊ธฐ์)
Master
Used to give something the speaker heard as the reason or basis for what follows.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ด๋ค๊ธฐ์ ์ ๋ ๊ฐ์ด ํ๊ฒ ๋ค๊ณ ํ์ด์.
Since I heard my friend was learning to cook, I said I'd join too.
๋ฐฑํ์ ์์ ์ธ์ผ์ ํ๋ค๊ธฐ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ท ํ ๋ฒ ์ฌ๋ ค๊ณ ํด์.
Since I heard the department store is having a sale, I'm going to go buy an outfit.
๋ธ์์ด๊ฐ ๋ด์ผ ์ํ์ ๊ฐ๋ค๊ธฐ์ ๊น๋ฐฅ ์ฌ๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์์ด์.
Since I heard my daughter is going on a picnic tomorrow, I bought kimbap ingredients.
-ใด/๋๋ค๊ธธ๋
since I heard that... (reason, casual) (-ใด/๋๋ค๊ธธ๋)
Master
The more casual, spoken form of -๋๋ค๊ธฐ์ โ used to give something the speaker heard as the reason for what follows.
์น๊ท ์จ๊ฐ ์์ด๋ฅผ ์ํ๋ค๊ธธ๋ ๋ฌธ์ฅ ๋ฒ์ญ์ ๋ถํํ์ด์.
Since I heard Seunggyu was good at English, I asked him to translate a sentence.
์ง์๊ฐ ์ค๋๋ถํฐ ์ด์ฌํ ๊ณต๋ถํ๋ค๊ธธ๋ ์ฑ
์ ๋ช ๊ถ ์ฌ ์คฌ์ด์.
Since I heard Jisu was going to start studying hard today, I bought her a few books.
๊ณ ํฅ์ ํญ์ค์ด ๋ด๋ฆฐ๋ค๊ธธ๋ ํผํด๊ฐ ์๋์ง ๋ถ๋ชจ๋๊ป ์ ํ๋ฅผ ๋๋ ธ์ด์.
Since I heard there was heavy snow in my hometown, I called my parents to check for damage.
-ใด/๋๋ค๋จ
as if... (light rebuttal, colloquial) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋จ)
Master
A very casual, spoken expression used to lightly push back on or question something.
์๊ธฐ๋ ๋ค ์๋ค๋จ?
Like he knows everything or something?
๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๊ณํ ์์ด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์ฐ๋ค๋จ?
How's he supposed to live like that with no plan at all?
ํ ์ผ์ด ๋ง๋ค๋ฉด์ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๋ง์ด ์๋ค๋จ?
He says he has a lot to do, but sleeps that much?
-ใด/๋๋ค๋ค
I heard that... (telling, moderate formal) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋ค)
Master
Used to tell the listener something the speaker knows from having heard it, in a moderately formal, slightly lowering tone.
์ด๋ฒ ์ฃผ๋ง์ ์ง์ ์ผ์ ํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ค๋ค.
I heard the staff outing is this weekend.
์ด๋จธ๋๊ป์ ์ค๋ ๊น์น๋ฅผ ๋ด๊ทธ์ ๋ค๋ค.
I heard Mom is making kimchi today.
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ๋ฐ๋น ์ ์ด๋ฒ ๋ชจ์์ ๋ชป ์จ๋ค๋ค.
I heard Yumin is too busy to come to this gathering.
-ใด/๋๋ค๋๋
did (someone) really say...? (confirming, very formal) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋๋)
Master
Used, in a very formal and lowering tone, to ask the listener to confirm something the speaker heard from someone else.
๋ชจ๋ ์ฑ๋ฌํ๋ฌ ๊ฐ๋ค๋๋.
Is everyone really going to visit the grave?
์น๊ท๋ ์ด ์๊ฐ๊น์ง ํ
๋ ๋น์ ์ ๋ณธ๋ค๋๋.
Is Seunggyu really watching TV until this hour?
์๋ฒ์ ๋ช ์์ ๋ค์ด์จ๋ค๋๋.
What time did he say he'd be home?
-ใด/๋๋ค๋
that... (quoting, modifies a noun) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋)
Master
Used to quote something while describing the noun that follows, usually a word like '์๊ฐ' (thought), '๋ง' (words), or '์ฌ๋' (person).
๊ฐ์ง ๊ฒ์ด ๋ง์์๋ก ๋ฒ ํ์ด์ผ ํ๋ค๋ ๋ง์ด ์๋ค.
There's a saying that the more you have, the more you should give.
์ง์ ํผ์ ๋จผ์ ๊ฐ๋ค๋ ๊ฑธ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ง๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ด์?
How can I stop her from going ahead by herself?
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋จ๋ถํ์ด ํต์ผ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ค๋ ์๊ฐ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค.
We hold the belief that North and South Korea should be reunified.
-ใด/๋๋ค๋๊ตฌ๋
so I hear that...! (exclaiming, formal lowering) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋๊ตฌ๋)
Master
Used to exclaim something the speaker just heard, showing surprise or admiration, in a formal, lowering tone.
๋ด์ผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์ด๋ชจ๊ฐ ์ค์ ๋ค๋๊ตฌ๋.
So I hear my aunt is coming from the US tomorrow!
์ง์๋ ํผ์๋
ธ๋ฅผ ์์ฃผ ์ ์น๋ค๋๊ตฌ๋.
So I hear Jisu plays the piano really well!
์น๊ท๋ ๋งค์ผ ์์นจ ๊ณต์์์ ์ด๋์ ํ๋ค๋๊ตฌ๋.
So I hear Seunggyu exercises at the park every morning!
-ใด/๋๋ค๋๊ตฐ
so I hear that...! (exclaiming, formal lowering, shorter) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋๊ตฐ)
Master
A shorter variant of -๋๋ค๋๊ตฌ๋ โ used to exclaim something the speaker just heard, in a formal, lowering tone.
์ด ๋ฒ์ค๊ฐ ๊ดํ๋ฌธ๊น์ง ๊ฐ๋ค๋๊ตฐ.
So this bus goes all the way to Gwanghwamun!
์น๊ท๋ ์์นจ์ ์ปคํผ๋ฅผ ๋ง์ ๋ค๋๊ตฐ.
So Seunggyu drinks coffee in the morning!
ํ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ป์๋ ์ผ๊พผ์ ์ฐ์ง ์๊ณ ์ง์ ๋์ฌ์ผ์ ํ์ ๋ค๋๊ตฐ.
So Grandpa does the farm work himself instead of hiring workers!
-ใด/๋๋ค๋๋ฐ
I heard that..., but/so (adding a thought) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋๋ฐ)
Master
Used to convey something heard or quote someone while adding the speaker's own thought or question about it.
๋์ด ์จ๋ค๋๋ฐ ์ฌ๋ฆฌํผ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณ ์ด๋์ ๋๊ฐ์?
I heard it's snowing โ where are you going out in slippers?
์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์๋ค๋๋ฐ ํ
๋ ๋น์ ์ ์ผ ๋๋ฉด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ํด์?
I heard the baby is sleeping โ why would you leave the TV on?
์ ์ ๋ชป ๋ง์ ๋ค๋๋ฐ ์๊พธ ๊ถํ๋ฉด ์ ๋์ง์.
I heard he can't drink alcohol โ you shouldn't keep offering him some.
-ใด/๋๋ค๋๋ฐ๋
even though I heard that... (contradiction) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋๋ฐ๋)
Master
Used to convey what the speaker heard, while showing that a contradictory situation follows anyway.
์๋์ด ์ค์ ๋ค๋๋ฐ๋ ์ฒญ์๋ ์ ํ๋?
Even though I told you guests are coming, you're not even cleaning?
๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค๋๋ฐ๋ ์๊พธ๋ง ์ ํํ
๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด์์์.
Even though I said I don't know, you keep asking me anyway.
๋น๊ฐ ์จ๋ค๋๋ฐ๋ ๊ธฐ์ด์ฝ ๋๋ผ์ด๋ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ผ๊ฒ ๋?
Even though it's supposed to rain, do you really have to go for a drive?
-ใด/๋๋ค๋๋ฐ์ผ
given that I heard... (reluctant acceptance) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋๋ฐ์ผ)
Master
Used to say that, given what the speaker heard, there was no choice but to say or accept the following.
์ ์๋๊ป์ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ํ์ ๋ค๋๋ฐ์ผ ๋ง๋ฆด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด ์๊ฒ ๋?
If the teacher says that's how it's going to be, is there any way to stop it?
๋ฐฅ์ ๊ณต์ง๋ก ์ค๋ค๋๋ฐ์ผ ๋ง๋คํ ์ด์ ๊ฐ ์์ง.
If they're saying the meal is free, there's no reason to turn it down.
๋จน๊ณ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ๋น ์์ฃผ ๋ชป ์จ๋ค๋๋ฐ์ผ ํ ๋ง์ ์์ง๋ง ์์ดํ๊ตฌ๋.
If you say you're too busy making a living to come often, I can't argue, but it's still disappointing.
-ใด/๋๋ค๋๋ฐ์
I heard that... (polite, indirect) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋๋ฐ์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to indirectly give the speaker's own opinion by conveying something they heard.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๊ฐ ์ฑ
์ ๋น๋ ค์ค๋ค๋๋ฐ์.
I heard Minjun said he'll lend me the book.
์ง์๋ ๋ฐฐ๋ก ์ ์ฃผ๋์ ๊ฐ๋ค๋๋ฐ์.
I heard Jisu is going to Jeju Island by boat.
๋ ์จ๊ฐ ์ข์์ ๋นจ๋๊ฐ ์ ๋ง๋ฅธ๋ค๋๋ฐ์.
I heard the weather is nice so laundry dries well.
-ใด/๋๋ค๋๊น๋
I'm telling you... (emphatic, informal) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋๊น๋)
Master
(informal, addressee-lowering) Used to stress the speaker's point again when they've already been asked or told something repeatedly.
๋ ์์ ํ๋ค๋๊น๋.
I'm telling you, I'm doing my homework.
์ฝ์์ด ์์ด์ ๋ชป ๊ฐ๋ค๋๊น๋.
I'm telling you, I have plans so I can't go.
๋ด๊ฐ ์ข ๋ณธ๋ค๋๊น๋.
I'm telling you, I'm using it for a bit.
-ใด/๋๋ค๋๊น์
I said..., really (emphatic, polite) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋๊น์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to emphasize what the speaker already said, while confirming it again.
์ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ ธ์จ๋ค๋๊น์.
I'm telling you, I'll bring it.
์ฌ๋ฌด์ค ๋ง๋ด๊ฐ ๊ฐ๋ค๋๊น์.
I'm telling you, the newest person in the office is going.
์ ๊ฐ ์ ๋ฆฌ๋๋ ๋๋ก ๋ณด๋ธ๋ค๋๊น์.
I'm telling you, I'll send it as soon as I've sorted it.
-ใด/๋๋ค๋๊น
I'm telling you... (emphatic, casual contraction) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋๊น)
Master
The more casual, contracted spoken form of -๋๋ค๋๊น โ used to emphasize the speaker's point when asked or told something repeatedly.
๋งค์ผ ๋ ์๊ฐ์ฉ ์ฐ์ตํ๋ค๋๊น.
I'm telling you, I practice two hours every day.
์ด ์ท๋ค์ ์ด์ ์์์ ์ฌ์ด ๋์ ์ค๋ค๋๊น.
I'm telling you, these clothes are too small now so I'm giving them to my cousin.
๋ ์ค๋ ์น๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐํผ์์ ๊ฐ๋ค๋๊น.
I'm telling you, I'm going to my friend's wedding today.
-ใด/๋๋ค๋์
what do you mean...?! (surprised, polite) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to show the speaker is surprised or taken aback by something unexpected they just heard.
์ด๋ ๊ฒ ๋ฆ์ ์๊ฐ์ ๋ ๋๋ค๋์?
What do you mean you're leaving this late?!
๋ค ํฐ ์ด๋ฅธ์ด ๊ทธ๊น ์ผ์ ์ด๋ค๋์?
What do you mean a grown adult is crying over something like that?!
ํ์ฌ ๋ง์๋๋ก ์๊ธ์ ๋ชป ์ค๋ค๋์?
What do you mean the company can just decide not to pay salaries?!
-ใด/๋๋ค๋๋
who says...?! (very formal, strong doubt) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋๋)
Master
Used, in a very formal and lowering tone, to question something being claimed, strongly hinting the opposite is actually true.
๋๊ฐ ์ ์๋๊ป์ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ค๋๋?
Who ever said the teacher was going there?
๋๊ฐ ๊ทธ ์๊ฐ์ ๊ฐ์์ค์ด ๋น๋ค๋๋?
Who says the lecture hall is empty at that time?
๋ด๊ฐ ์ธ์ ๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ์๊ฒฝ์ ์ด๋ค๋๋?
When did I ever say that person wears glasses?
-ใด/๋๋ค๋๊ฐ
did (someone) say...? (checking, formal) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋๊ฐ)
Master
Used to ask the listener something in order to double-check information the speaker isn't fully sure about.
์ง์๊ฐ ๋ ํด๊ทผํ ๋๊น์ง ๋ชป ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฐ๋ค๋๊ฐ?
Did Jisu say she couldn't wait until I got off work?
์น๊ท๋ ๋ฌด์จ ๋
ธ๋๋ฅผ ์ ๋ถ๋ฅธ๋ค๋๊ฐ?
What song did Seunggyu say he's good at singing?
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ๋์ ๋๊ตฌ์๊ฒ ๋น๋ฆฐ๋ค๋๊ฐ?
Who did Minjun say he's borrowing money from?
-ใด/๋๋ค๋๋ฐ์
I heard that..., so (leaving it open, polite) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋๋ฐ์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to indirectly give the speaker's opinion by conveying something they heard, leaving the sentence open rather than finishing it.
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๊ฐ ์์ฆ ์ด์ฌํ ๊ณต๋ถํ๋ค๋๋ฐ์.
I heard Yumin's been studying hard lately, so...
์ธ๋๋ ์ค์
์ฐ์ ๋จํ ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ๋ค๋๋ฐ์.
I heard my sister is going to see the autumn leaves at Seoraksan, so...
์ง์๋ ์ด๋จธ๋๊ป ์ค์นดํ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฌผํ๋ค๋๋ฐ์.
I heard Jisu is giving her mom a scarf as a gift, so...
-ใด/๋๋ค๋ฐ
I heard it's exactly that... (formal, moderate) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋ฐ)
Master
Used, in a moderately formal tone, to repeat exactly what the speaker heard, as they heard it.
์ค๋ถ ์ง๋ฐฉ์๋ ๋ฒ์จ ๋์ฝ์ด ๋จ์ด์ง๋ค๋ฐ.
I heard the leaves are already falling in the central region.
ํ๊ต ์ถ์ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ ์ธ๋ถ ์ฌ๋๋ค๋ ๋ง์ด ์จ๋ค๋ฐ.
I heard a lot of outside people come during the school festival too.
๋งค์ค๋ก ์ฐจ์ ์ ์ ๋ง๋ ๋ค๋ฐ.
I heard they make tea and liquor from plums.
-ใด/๋๋ค๋ ๊ฐ
whether... or... (choosing between two) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋ ๊ฐ)
Master
Used, usually repeated twice, to say something must be one of two stated choices.
๊ฐ๋ค๋ ๊ฐ ์ ๊ฐ๋ค๋ ๊ฐ ํ์คํ ๋ง์ํด ์ฃผ์ธ์.
Please tell me clearly whether you're going or not going.
๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅธ๋ค๋ ๊ฐ ์๋ฅธ๋ค๋ ๊ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ํ์ธ์.
Decide whether you're growing your hair out or cutting it.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ ์ข์ํ๋ค๋ ๊ฐ ์ซ์ดํ๋ค๋ ๊ฐ ํํ์ ๋ถ๋ช
ํ ํด์ผ์ง์.
You should make it clear whether you like that person or not.
-ใด/๋๋ค๋
did (someone) say...? (very formal, asking to relay) (-ใด/๋๋ค๋)
Master
Used, in a very formal, lowering tone, to ask the listener to relay what another person said.
์น๊ท๋ ํ ์์ผ์๋ ์ถ๊ทผํ๋ค๋?
Did Seunggyu say he's coming into work on Saturday too?
์ด๋จธ๋๋ ๋ณดํต ๋ช ์์ ์ผ์ด๋์ ๋ค๋?
What time did Mom say she usually gets up?
์ธ์ ๊น์ง ๋น๊ฐ ์จ๋ค๋?
Until when did they say it's going to rain?
-ใด/๋๋ค์ค
I'm telling you that... (formal, dated register) (-ใด/๋๋ค์ค)
Master
Used, in a moderately formal and somewhat dated tone, to convey to the listener something the speaker heard from someone else.
์ ์๋๊ป์๋ ์กฐ๊ธ ๋ฆ์ผ์ ๋ค์ค.
The teacher says she'll be a little late.
์น๊ท๋ ๋ด์ผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ๋ ๋๋ค์ค.
I hear Seunggyu is leaving for the US tomorrow.
์๊น ๋ด์ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ ๋ด์ผ์ ๋น๊ฐ ์จ๋ค์ค.
I saw on the news earlier that it's going to rain tomorrow.
-ใด/๋๋ค์ฃ
I heard that..., right? (confirming, polite) (-ใด/๋๋ค์ฃ )
Master
(informal polite) Used when the speaker asks to confirm something they already know or heard.
๋์ ๋ฐ๋์ด ์ด๋ฒ์ ๋ํ์ ์
ํํ๋ค์ฃ ?
Your daughter's starting university this time, right?
๋ค์ ๋ฌ๋ถํฐ ๋ฒ์ค ์๊ธ์ด ์ค๋ฅธ๋ค์ฃ ?
Bus fares are going up starting next month, right?
๋๊ตฌ์๋ ์ฌ๊ณผ๊ฐ ๋ง์ด ๋๋ค์ฃ ?
Daegu grows a lot of apples, right?
-ใด/๋๋ค์ง
I heard that..., didn't I? (confirming, casual) (-ใด/๋๋ค์ง)
Master
(informal, addressee-lowering) Used to ask the listener again, or confirm something the speaker already heard earlier.
์ง์๋ ์ฒด์ก ๋ํ ์ ์๋ก ๋ด๋ค์ง?
Jisu's competing in the sports meet too, right?
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๊ฐ ๋
ธ๋๋ฅผ ์ ๋ถ๋ฅธ๋ค์ง?
Yumin's a good singer, isn't she?
๋ด์ด ์ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ๋จ ๊ฐ๋ ์ ๋น๊ฐ ๋ค์ ์จ๋ค์ง?
The swallows that went to Gangnam come back when spring arrives, don't they?
-(์ผ)ใน ๋๋ฆ์ด๋ค
depends on how you do it (future) (-(์ผ)ใน ๋๋ฆ์ด๋ค)
Master
Used to say that the outcome of something depends entirely on how the action described is carried out.
์ฑ๊ณต์ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ ์ผ๋ง๋ ํ ๋๋ฆ์ด๋ค.
Success depends entirely on how much effort you put in.
์์ ๋ง์ ์ฌ๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์์งํ ๋๋ฆ์ด๋ค.
How the food tastes depends on how you prepare the ingredients.
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ์์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋์ฒํ ๋๋ฆ์ด๋ค.
The result depends on how you handle it going forward.
-๋/๋๋๊ณ ์
did you say...? (asking again, polite) (-๋/๋๋๊ณ ์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to ask a question that was already asked before, again โ often out of surprise or to make sure you heard right.
์๊ธ์ ํ๋๊น ๊ธฐ์๋๊ณ ์?
You're asking if I'm happy about winning the prize money?
์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์๋๊ณ ์?
You're asking what time it is right now?
์ ๊ฐ์? ์ง๋ฌธํ๋๋๊ณ ์?
Me? You're asking if I asked a question?
-๋/๋๋๋๋ฐ
asked whether..., and (quoting a question, continuing) (-๋/๋๋๋๋ฐ)
Master
Used to quote a question the speaker was asked, and then add their own thoughts or a follow-up question.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋๋๋ฌ ์ธ์ ํ๊ฐํ๋๋๋ฐ ๋ํต ์์ฆ ์งฌ์ด ๋์ผ ๋ง์ด์ง.
My friend asked me when I'm free, but I just haven't had any free time lately.
์ง๋๊ฐ๋ ๊ด๊ด๊ฐ์ด ์ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ผํ๋ชฐ์ด๋๋๋ฐ ๋๋ ์ฒ์์ด๋ผ ์ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค๊ณ ํ์ด.
A passing tourist asked if this was the mall, but I said I was new here too and didn't really know.
์์ง ๋จ์๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ฐจ์ฅ์์ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ธ์ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ด๊ฐ ์๋๋๋๋ฐ ํฉ๋นํด์ ๋ง์ด ์ ๋์ค๋๋ผ๊ณ .
The man next door asked if I wasn't the one who scratched the car in the parking lot, and I was so stunned I couldn't say anything.
-๋/๋๋๋๊น
when I asked whether..., (quoting a past question) (-๋/๋๋๋๊น)
Master
Used to quote a question the speaker previously asked, and then add the response or reaction that followed.
๋์ ์๋ ๋์์๊ฒ ๋ง์ด ์ํ๋๋๊น ๊ธฐ์นจ๋ง ํ๋ค.
When I asked my sister, who was lying down, if she was very sick, she just coughed.
์์ฅ ์์ธ์๊ฒ ์์ฆ ๊ณผ์ผ์ด ๋น์ธ๋๋๊น ๊ทธ๋ ์ง ์๋ค๋๋ผ.
When I asked the market vendor if fruit was expensive these days, they said it wasn't.
ํ๊ต๊ฐ ์ด๋๋๋๊น ์์ด๋ ์๊ฐ๋ฝ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ฆฌํค๋ฉฐ ์ ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ ํ๋ค.
When I asked where the school was, the child pointed and said it was over there.
-๋/๋๋๋ฉฐ
asking whether..., while (question + simultaneous action) (-๋/๋๋๋ฉฐ)
Master
Used to say that someone asked a certain question while doing another action at the same time.
๋์์ด ์ด๋ถ์ด ๋ฐ๋ปํ๋๋ฉฐ ๋ด ์์ ๋์ ๋ค.
My little sibling lay down next to me, asking if the blanket was warm.
์๋ง๋ ๋์๊ฒ ์ํ๋๋ฉฐ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ ์์ ์ง์ผ์
จ๋ค.
Mom put her hand on my head, asking if I was sick.
๋์์ด ์ ์ฐ์ฐ์ ์ฑ๊ธฐ๋๋๋ฉฐ ์ค๋ ๋น๊ฐ ์ค์ง ์์ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ํ๋ค.
My sibling, asking why I was bringing an umbrella, said it wasn't going to rain today.
-๋/๋๋๋ฉด์
asking whether..., while (question + simultaneous action, longer form) (-๋/๋๋๋ฉด์)
Master
The longer, un-contracted form of -๋/๋๋๋ฉฐ โ used the same way, to say someone asked a question while doing another action.
๊ด๊ด๊ฐ์ ๋ช
์๊น์ง์ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋จธ๋๋ฉด์ ๋์๊ฒ ์ฃผ์๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฌ ์คฌ๋ค.
The tourist showed me the address, asking if the distance to the landmark was far.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์๊ธฐ ์ผ์ ๊ทธ๋ง๋๋ ์ด์ ๊ฐ ๋ญ๋๋ฉด์ ๋๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ ์ค๋ฌ์ด ๋๊ธธ๋ก ์ณ๋ค๋ดค๋ค.
My friend looked at me with worried eyes, asking why I was suddenly quitting my job.
์ง์๊ฐ ๋์๊ฒ ์ด๋์ ๊ฐ๋๋๋ฉด์ ๋ฐ๋ผ๋์ฐ๋ค.
Jisu asked me where I was going and followed along.
-๋/๋๋๋
the question of whether... (quoting, attributive) (-๋/๋๋๋)
Master
Used to quote a certain question and use it to modify the following noun (like 'question' or 'query').
๊ทธ ๋จ์๋ ์ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์ ์ด๋์ ๊ฐ๋๋ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ๋ต๋ณ์ ๋ฐ๋ก ํ์ง ๋ชปํ๋๋ฐ.
That man couldn't immediately answer the question of where he went last night.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ์ง์ ์๋๋ ๋ฌผ์์ ์ด๋จธ๋๊ป์ ์๋ค๊ณ ๋ง์ํ์
จ๋ค.
To the question of whether Seunggyu was home, mom said he wasn't.
์ํ์ ์ ๋ณด์๋๋๋ ๋ฏผ์ค์ด์ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ์น๊ท๋ ๊ธฐ์จ์ ๋ฏธ์๋ฅผ ์ง์๋ค.
At Minjun's question of whether he did well on the exam, Seunggyu smiled happily.
-๋/๋๋๋๋ฐ
asked whether..., you know (recalling a past question) (-๋/๋๋๋๋ฐ)
Master
Used to mention a question someone asked earlier, then relate it to what follows.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋ํฌ ์ง์ด ์ผ๋ง๋ ๋จธ๋๋๋ฐ ์ผ๋ง์ฏค ๊ฑธ๋ ค?
My friend was asking how far your place is โ about how long does it take?
์ง์๊ฐ ๋ ์์ฆ ์ฐ๋ฝ๋ ์ ์ ๋๊ณ ๋ฐ์๋๋๋ฐ ๋ฌด์จ ์ผ ์์์ด?
Jisu was asking if you're hard to reach and busy lately โ did something happen?
๊น ์จ๊ฐ ์ผ์ ์ข ๋๊ฒ ๋๋๋๋ฐ ๋๋ฌด ๋ฐ๋น ์ ๋ชป ํ๋ค๊ณ ํ์ด.
Mr. Kim was asking if you could help with the work, and I said you're too busy.
-๋/๋๋๋
to be asked whether...! (quoting, with emotion) (-๋/๋๋๋)
Master
Used to quote a question asked by the listener or someone else, while also revealing the speaker's own emotional reaction to being asked it.
์ ์ดํผ์ ํ๋๋ ๊ทธ๋ฐ ๋ฌด๋กํ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ์ฒ์ ๋ฐ์ ๋ณด์๋ค.
Being asked why I got divorced โ I'd never gotten such a rude question before.
์ฌ์ฅ๋์ด ๋์๊ฒ ํด์ธ์์ ์ผํด ๋ณด๊ฒ ๋๋ ๊ฟ๋ง ๊ฐ์๋ค.
My boss asked if I'd like to try working abroad โ it felt like a dream.
์ค๋ซ๋์ ํด์ธ์ ๊ณ์๋ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ป์ ๋์์ค์
์ ๊ธฐ์๋๋ ๋น์ฐํ ๊ฒ ์๋๊ฒ ๋๊ฐ?
Asking if I'm happy that my father, who was abroad for so long, has come back โ of course I am!
-๋/๋๋์ง๋ง
people ask/say... but (conceding a question, then contrasting) (-๋/๋๋์ง๋ง)
Master
Used to admit a question or objection someone raised, while going on to say something unrelated or opposite to it.
์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์ด ๊ฝ์ด ๋ญ๊ฐ ์์๋์ง๋ง ๋๋ ์คํ๋ ค ์์ํด์ ๋ ์ข๋ค.
People ask what's so pretty about this flower, but I actually like it more for being plain.
์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ ๋๋๋ฌ ์ผ์ด ๋๋ฌด ๋ง์ ๊ฒ ์๋๋์ง๋ง ๋๋ ์ด ์ผ์ด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๊ธฐ๋ง ํ๋ค.
My friends ask if I don't have too much work, but I just find this work fun.
์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋๋ง๋ค ์น๊ตฌ๋์ง๋ง ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์๋งค์ด๋ค.
People always ask if we're friends whenever they see us, but we're sisters.
-๋/๋๋๋ฉด
if you're asking..., (posing the question, then answering) (-๋/๋๋๋ฉด)
Master
Used to assume the preceding content is being asked as a question, and then continue on to answer it.
์ง๊ธ์ด ๋ช ์๋๋ฉด, ํ ์์ฏค ๋์ด.
If you're asking what time it is, it's about one o'clock.
๋ฐฉํ ๋์ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์ง๋๋๋ฉด ์๋ฅด๋ฐ์ดํธ ํ๋๋ผ ์ ์ ์ด ์์์ด.
If you're asking how I spent the vacation, I was too busy with my part-time job to notice.
์์ ๋ ์ ํ๊ณ ๋ฌด์์ ํ๊ณ ์์๋๋๋ฉด ์์ด๋ ํญ์ ์ฐ๋ฌผ์ญ๋ฌผํ๋ค.
If you ask what the child was doing instead of homework, they always hesitate to answer.
-๋/๋๋๊ฑฐ๋
if (someone) asks whether..., then (conditional on being asked) (-๋/๋๋๊ฑฐ๋ )
Master
Used to say that another person's doubt or question is the condition or basis for what follows.
์ง์๊ฐ ์ํ ๋ต์ ์๋๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค๊ณ ํด๋ผ.
If Jisu asks whether you know the answer to the exam, say you don't know.
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๋์๊ฒ ๊ณ ๋ฑํ์์ด๋๊ฑฐ๋ ์๋๋ผ๊ณ ํด๋ผ.
If the police ask you if you're a high schooler, say you're not.
๋ถ์ฅ๋์ด ํ์ ๋ ๋ ์ด๋ ๊ฐ์๋๋๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค๊ณ ๋๋ตํด.
If the manager asks at the meeting where I went, answer that you don't know.
-๋/๋๋๊ธฐ์
since (someone) asked whether..., (cause/basis) (-๋/๋๋๊ธฐ์)
Master
Used to cite a question the speaker was asked as the reason or basis for what follows.
์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ ์ง์ด ์ผ๋ง๋ ๋จธ๋๊ธฐ์ ๊ฐ๊น๋ค๊ณ ํ์ด์.
Since my senior asked how far my place was, I told them it was close.
์ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋ฑ๋ก๊ธ์ด ๋ง์ด ๋น์ธ๋๊ธฐ์ ๋ฌด์ฒ ๋น์ธ๋ค๊ณ ํ์ด.
Since my foreign friend asked if tuition was very expensive, I said it was very expensive.
์ฃผ๋ง์ ๋ญ ํ๋๋๊ธฐ์ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋ดค๋ค๊ณ ํ์ด์.
Since they asked what I did over the weekend, I said I watched a movie.
-๋/๋๋๋๊ตฌ๋
(so someone's) asking whether...! (relaying with wonder, blunt) (-๋/๋๋๋๊ตฌ๋)
Master
Used, in a very blunt/lowering tone, to convey another person's question to the listener with a sense of realization or wonder.
ํ์์ด ๋ง๋๋ต์ ํ ๊ฒ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ํฐ ์ฃ๋๋๊ตฌ๋.
So the student is asking whether talking back is really such a big crime!
์น๊ท๊ฐ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ์ด๋ ค์ด ์ผ์ ๋ ํผ์ ํ ์ ์๊ฒ ๋๋๊ตฌ๋.
So Seunggyu is asking whether you could really do such a hard task alone!
์์ฌ๊ฐ ์กฐ๋ง๊ฐ ํ๋ณตํ์ง ์๊ฒ ๋๋๋๊ตฌ๋.
So the doctor is asking whether they'll recover soon!
-๋/๋๋๋๊ฐ
did (someone) ask whether...? (recalling, checking) (-๋/๋๋๋๊ฐ)
Master
Used to ask the listener something in order to recall or double-check a question that was asked in the past.
์ง์๊ฐ ์ธ์ ์จ๋ค๋๊ฐ?
Did Jisu ask when they'll come?
์น๊ท๊ฐ ์ด ์ผ์ ํผ์ ํ ์ ์๊ฒ ๋๋๋๊ฐ?
Did Seunggyu ask whether he could do this alone?
์ ์๋์ด ์์ ๋ฅผ ๋ค ํ๋๋๋๊ฐ?
Did the teacher ask whether you finished all your homework?
-๋/๋๋๋๊ตฐ
(so someone's) asking whether... (relaying, blunt) (-๋/๋๋๋๊ตฐ)
Master
Used, in a blunt/lowering tone, to convey another person's question to the listener.
์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ฐ ์ผ๋ง๋ ์์๋๋๊ตฐ.
People are asking how pretty that actress is.
ํ์ฅ๋์ด ์ด ์ผ์ ์ด๋ฉด ๋น ๋ฏํ์ง ์๋๋๊ตฐ.
The team lead is asking whether this schedule isn't too tight.
๋ฐ ๋๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ฃผ๋ง์ ๋น๊ฐ ์๋ ์ฐํ์ ๊ฐ๋๋๋๊ตฐ.
Assistant Manager Park is asking whether we're still going hiking even if it rains this weekend.
-๋/๋๋๊ธธ๋
since (someone) asked whether... (cause, casual) (-๋/๋๋๊ธธ๋)
Master
A casual variant of -๋/๋๋๊ธฐ์ โ used to cite a question the speaker was asked as the reason for what follows.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ง์๊ฐ ๋ง์ด ์์๋๊ธธ๋ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํด ์ฃผ์์ด.
Since my friend asked if Jisu was really pretty, I told them she's very popular.
๋ฏ์ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋๋ณด๊ณ ์ด ๋๋ค ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด๋๊ธธ๋ ๋ฌด์์์ ๋๋ต๋ ์ ํ๊ณ ๋๋ง์ณค๋ค.
Since a stranger asked if I lived in this neighborhood, I got scared and ran off without answering.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ ๋
์ ๋๊ตฌ์ ์์ฌ๋ฅผ ํ๋๋๊ธธ๋ ์๋ง ๋ถ๋ชจ๋๊ณผ ํ์ง ์์๊น๋ผ๊ณ ๋ตํ๋ค.
Since my friend asked who I was having dinner with, I answered that it was probably my parents.
-๊ฑฐ๋ ํ๋ค
to just assume/guess that (-๊ฑฐ๋ ํ๋ค)
Master
Used to say the speaker guesses at a certain fact and accepts it as likely true, without confirming it directly.
์ด๋จธ๋๋ ์์ด๊ฐ ์ ๋
์ ์น๊ตฌ ์ง์์ ๋จน์๊ฑฐ๋ ํ๋ค.
Mom just assumed her child had eaten dinner at a friend's house.
์ง์๋ ์ธ์ ๊ฐ ์๊ธฐ ์ฐจ๋ก๊ฐ ์ค๊ฒ ๊ฑฐ๋ ํ๊ณ ์ธ ์๊ฐ์ด๋ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ธ๋ค.
Jisu just assumed her turn would come eventually and waited for three whole hours.
์ ๋ฏผ์ ์์ ์๊ธด ์์ฒ๊ฐ ๊ธ๋ฐฉ ๋ซ๊ฒ ๊ฑฐ๋ ํ๊ณ ๋ณ์์ ๊ฐ์ง ์์๋ค.
Yumin just assumed the wound on her hand would heal quickly and didn't go to the hospital.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋
telling to (do), or (listing quoted commands) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋)
Master
Used to convey the content of a command by giving examples or listing several quoted commands.
์ง์์๊ฒ ์กด๊ฒฝํ๋ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ ์ ์ผ๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋งํ๋ผ๋ฉด ํญ์ ๋ถ๋ชจ๋์ ๋ค์๋ค.
Whenever Jisu was told to write down or say who she respected, she always named her parents.
์์ด๋ค์๊ฒ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋จ๊ธฐ์ง ๋ง๊ณ ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ํด์๋ ์ ๋๋ค.
You shouldn't force kids by telling them to eat fast or to finish everything.
์ด๋ ค์์ ์ฒํ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ๊ทธ์ ์ฐธ์ผ๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋ ์์์ ํด๊ฒฐํ๋ผ๊ณ ํ๋ฉด ๋๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น?
Is it okay to just tell someone in a difficult situation to endure it or figure it out on their own?
-(์ผ)๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋
if (someone) tells (you) to, then (conditional command) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋ )
Master
Used to say that another person's command or request is the condition or basis for what follows.
๋๋ณด๊ณ ์์์ ๊ณ์ ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฅ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ๋ฌ์ ๋ชป ๋จน๊ฒ ๋ค๊ณ ํด.
If they tell you to keep eating, just say you're full and can't.
์ ์๋์ด ๋ํํ
๊ต๊ณผ์๋ฅผ ์ฝ์ผ๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋ ์๋ฆฌ์์ ์ผ์ด๋ ์ฝ์ผ๋ฉด ๋๋จ๋ค.
If the teacher tells you to read the textbook, just stand up and read it.
์ฌํ์๊ฐ ํ์ ์์ ๋์ธ ๊ฒ ์ค ์๋ฌด๊ฒ์ด๋ ์ง์ผ๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ง์์ ๋๋ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ ์ง์ผ๋ฉด ๋ผ.
If the host tells you to pick anything on the table, just pick whichever you like most.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๊ณ ์
I said, do it! (repeating a command, polite) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๊ณ ์)
Master
(informal polite) Used when the speaker repeats or emphasizes a suggestion, command, or claim they already made.
๊ณง๋ฐ๋ก ํ์๋ฅผ ์์ํ ์ ์๊ฒ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋ชจ์ ๋์ผ๋ผ๊ณ ์.
I said, gather everyone so we can start the meeting right away.
๊ทธ ์๋ฅ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ธ์ค๋ฉด ๋ ๋์ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ผ๊ณ ์.
I said, if they bring the documents, receive them for me.
๋ฐ๋์ด ๋ง์ด ๋ค์ด์ค๋๊น ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์ ๋ซ์ผ๋ผ๊ณ ์.
I said, close the window since a lot of wind is coming in.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๊ธฐ์
since (someone) told me to, (cause/basis) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๊ธฐ์)
Master
Used to cite a command or request the speaker heard as the reason or basis for what follows.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ ๋ง ์ฌ์ค์ด๋ผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๋ง์ ๋ฏฟ์ผ๋ผ๊ธฐ์ ๋ฏฟ์๋ ๊ฑฐ์์.
Since that person said it was really true and told me to believe it, I believed it.
์ฌ์๊ฐ ๊ทธ ์ฑ
์ ์ด์ชฝ์์ ์ฐพ์ผ๋ผ๊ธฐ์ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์๋๋ฐ ์ ๋ณด์ด๋ค์.
Since the librarian told me to look for that book over here, I'm looking but I can't find it.
๊ทธ๋ ์๊ธฐ์๊ฒ ์ด๋ค ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์์ผ๋ผ๊ธฐ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์์์ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค.
He said he was just holding onto this item because someone told him to hold it for a while.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๊ธธ๋
since (someone) told me to (cause, casual) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๊ธธ๋)
Master
A casual variant of -(์ผ)๋ผ๊ธฐ์ โ used to cite a command the speaker heard as the reason for what follows.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ ๊น ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์์ผ๋ผ๊ธธ๋ ๊ฐ๋งํ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์์์ฃ .
Since they told us to stay here for a moment, we were quietly waiting.
์ ๋ ๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด๊ฒ ์ข ๋ฐ์ผ๋ผ๊ธธ๋ ๋ฐ์์ ๋ค๊ณ ์์์ ๋ฟ์ด์์.
I was just holding this because that person told me to take it.
๊ทธ๋ ์์ฌ๊ด์ด ์์ ์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ผ๋ผ๊ธธ๋ ์ฐพ์์ ๊ฑด๋ค์ค ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค.
He said an investigator came and told him to find the documents, so he found them and handed them over.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋ค
(someone) says to (do), you know (relaying a command) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋ค)
Master
Used, in a moderately low tone, to relay a command or request someone else made.
ํ์ฅ์ด ์ด๋ฒ ์ผ์ ์๋ค๊ฐ ๋งก์ผ๋ผ๋ค.
The team lead says you should take charge of this task.
๋ถ์ฌ ์์ ์ ํ๊ฐ ์ค๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋ชจ ๋จ๊ฒจ ๋์ผ๋ผ๋ค.
They say to leave a note if a call comes in while I'm out.
๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์ข์ ์์์ด๋๊น ๋จ๊ธฐ์ง ๋ง๊ณ ๋ค ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๋ค.
They say to eat it all without leaving any, since it's good for your health.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋
are they telling me to...? (questioning a relayed command) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋)
Master
(informal, addressee-lowering) Used to ask, as if confirming, about a command or request the speaker was told about.
๋๋๋ฌ ๋ ์ฐธ์ผ๋ผ๋๋?
Are they telling me to endure it again?
๋จ์ ์์์ด ์๋ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์๋ฐ ๋ฌด์์ ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๋๋?
There doesn't seem to be any food left โ what are they telling me to eat?
์ง๊ธ ๋ํํ
๋ค๋ฆฌ์ง๋ ์์ ์ท์ ์
์ผ๋ผ๋๋?
Are they telling me to wear clothes that haven't even been ironed?
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋
the command to (do) (quoting, attributive) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋)
Master
Used to quote a command or request and use it to modify the following noun (like 'instruction' or 'note').
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์๋ฐฐ์๋ฅผ ์ก์ผ๋ผ๋ ์ง์๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊ณ ๋ฐ๋ก ํ์ฅ์ผ๋ก ์ถ๋ํ๋ค.
We received the order to catch the wanted person and rushed to the scene right away.
๊น ์จ๋ ์๋ด๊ฐ ๋งค์ผ ์ ์ ๋์ผ๋ผ๋ ์์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ๋ค๋ฉฐ ํธ๋
์ ํ๋ค.
Mr. Kim complained that his wife nags him every day to quit drinking.
๋ด๊ฐ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋น์ด ์ฌ์ด ์ด๋ค ์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ผ๋ผ๋ ๋ถ์ฅ๋์ ๋ฉ๋ชจ๊ฐ ๋จ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์์๋ค.
While I was away, the manager had left a note telling me to find some documents.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๊ตฌ๋
so they're telling (someone) to...! (relaying, blunt) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๊ตฌ๋)
Master
Used, in a very blunt/lowering tone, to convey another person's command to the listener.
ํ์ฅ์ด ๋์๊ฒ ํ๋น๋ฅผ ๋์ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ผ๋๊ตฌ๋.
So the chairman is telling you to collect the dues on his behalf!
๋ฐ์ฅ, ์ ์๋๊ป์ ๋ค๊ฐ ์์ ๋ฅผ ๊ฑท์ผ๋ผ๋๊ตฌ๋.
Class president, so the teacher is telling you to collect the homework!
์ด๋ฒ ๋ฌด๋์์๋ ์ด ์์์ ์
์ผ๋ผ๋๊ตฌ๋.
So they're telling us to wear this costume for this stage performance!
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๊ตฐ
so they're telling (someone) to... (relaying, blunt) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๊ตฐ)
Master
Used, in a blunt/lowering tone, to convey another person's command or request to the listener.
์ค๋์ ๊ต๋ณต์ ์
์ผ๋ผ๋๊ตฐ.
So they're telling us to wear our school uniform today.
์์ฌ๋ฅผ ํ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์ด ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๋๊ตฐ.
So they're telling us to eat this soup first, before the meal.
๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ค์ ๋นจ๊ฐ ์ ์ ์ก์ผ๋ผ๋๊ตฐ.
So they're telling us to grab the red line out of the two.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋ฐ
they're telling (someone) to..., and (quoting a command, continuing) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋ฐ)
Master
Used to convey a command or request, and then continue with the speaker's own following statement.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ ๋ง๋ฌด๊ฐ๋ด๋ก ๋ด๋์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ ์ ๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ํ๊ฒ ์ด์.
That person is unreasonably demanding I hand this item over, so what can I do?
๋
์๋ค, ์ด๋ฅธ๋ค์ด ์ก์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฝ์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ ๋๊ณ ๋ง ์๊ตฌ๋?
You kids โ the adults told you to pull the weeds, but you're just playing?
์๋ฒ์ง๊ป์ ์ด์ ๋ฌด๋ฆ์ ๊ฟ์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ ๋ญ ํ๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฑฐ์ผ?
Dad is telling you to kneel down quickly โ what are you doing?
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋ฐ๋
even though (someone) told (them) to, (unexpected result) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋ฐ๋)
Master
Used to say that despite a command or request having been made, an unexpected or contrary result still follows.
๋จ๋ค์ ์ด์ ๊ทธ๋ง ์์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ๋ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ต์ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์์์ ๋งด๋๊ธฐ๋ง ํ๋ค.
Even though everyone tells me to just forget it now, that memory just keeps circling in my head.
์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋ชจ๋ ๋๋ณด๊ณ ๋ค๊ฐ ์ฐธ์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ๋ ํ๊ฐ ๋์ ์ฐธ์ ์๊ฐ ์์ด์ผ์ง.
Even though everyone tells me you should be the one to endure it, I'm too angry to hold it in.
์ฌ์ง ์ฐ์ผ๋๊น ๊ฐ๋งํ ์์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ๋ ์์ด๋ ์ ์๋ ๊ฐ๋งํ ์์ง๋ฅผ ๋ชปํ๋ค.
Even though I told the child to stay still for the photo, they can't stay still even for a moment.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋ฐ์
they're telling (someone) to..., so (relaying a command, polite) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋ฐ์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to indirectly convey a command or request the speaker heard.
๋ถ์ฅ๋๊ป์ ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์งํค๊ณ ์์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ์.
The manager is telling me to stay right here and hold this spot.
๊ณผ์ฅ๋๊ป์ ์ด ์ ํ์ ๊ทธ ์ง์ด๋์์ ๋นผ๋์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ์.
The department head is telling me to take this product off that display shelf.
์ง์ ์จ๊ฐ ๊ทธ ์ท๋ค์ ์ด ์์์ ๋ฃ์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ์.
Jisu is telling me to put those clothes in this box.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋
to be told to...! (quoting a command, with emotion) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋)
Master
Used to reveal the speaker's surprise or wonder at a command or request they heard.
์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ ํ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋๋๋ฌ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ผ๋, ๋ด๊ฐ ์ฌ๋ถ๋ฆ๊พผ์ธ๊ฐ?
Telling me to receive the package that's for them โ am I their errand boy?
์ด๋ ๊ฒ ์ค์ํ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ๋๋ณด๊ณ ์์์ ํ๋ผ๋, ์ด์ด๊ฐ ์๋ค.
Telling me to decide on something this important on my own โ that's ridiculous.
๊ผผ์งํ์ง ๋ง๊ณ ์ง์๋ง ์์ผ๋ผ๋, ๋ง์น ๊ฐ์ฅ์ ๊ฐํ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์.
Being told to not move an inch and just stay home โ it feels like I'm locked in prison.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๊น
I'm telling you to..., (emphasizing a command) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๊น)
Master
Used to cite the speaker's own command or another person's command as the reason or basis, emphasizing it.
๋ค๊ฐ ์ฐธ์ผ๋ผ๋๊น ๋ด๊ฐ ์ด๋ฒ ํ ๋ฒ๋ง ์ฐธ๋๋ค.
Since you're telling me to endure it, I'll put up with it just this once.
๊ฐ๋งํ ์์ผ๋ผ๋๊น ์ ์๊พธ ์์ง์ฌ?
I'm telling you to stay still โ why do you keep moving?
๊ฐ์๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์๋ฅผ ์ ์ผ๋ผ๋๊น ์๊ฐ์ด ์ ๋ฌ๋ค.
Since I was suddenly told to write down the address, I couldn't remember it.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋์
what, they want me to...?! (surprised at a command, polite) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to show the speaker is surprised or taken aback upon hearing a command or request.
๊ทธ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ง๋ง์ ๋ฏฟ์ผ๋ผ๋์.
What, they want me to believe a lie like that?!
๊ฐ๊ธฐ์ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋๋ฐ ์์ด์คํฌ๋ฆผ์ ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๋์.
I have a cold, and they're telling me to eat ice cream?!
์ธ์ ๋๋ ์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋๋ฐ ๊ณ์ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์์ผ๋ผ๋์.
I don't even know when it'll end, and they're telling me to keep waiting?!
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋ฐ
was told to..., you know (recalling a command) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๋ฐ)
Master
Used to mention a command received from someone, then relate it to what follows.
์ด์ ๋นผ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ ๊ฒ ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ ๊ณ ํ ์ฝ์ง๊ฐ ์๋ค.
I was told that if you want to lose weight, eat less โ but it's not easy when I'm hungry.
๋ฐ์ก๋ ์ฐํธ๋ฌผ์ ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ฐพ์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ ์ด๋๋ก ๊ฐ๋ฉด ๋๋์?
I was told to pick up returned mail here โ where should I go?
์์์ ๋๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ฝ์ผ๋ผ๋๋ฐ ๋๋ ์ ๋ฌธ์ด ๋๋ฌด ์ฌ๋ฏธ๊ฐ ์๋ค.
I was told to read the newspaper to build general knowledge, but I find newspapers so boring.
-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๊ฐ
did (someone) tell (them) to...? (checking, casual) (-(์ผ)๋ผ๋๊ฐ)
Master
Used to ask the listener about a command or request, as if checking or recalling it.
์ด ๋ฒฝ๋์ ์ด๋๋ค๊ฐ ์์ผ๋ผ๋๊ฐ.
Where were we told to stack these bricks?
๋๊ตฌ์๊ฒ ํ์ํ ์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ป์ผ๋ผ๋๊ฐ.
Who were we told to get the necessary documents from?
ํ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋์์ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ผ๋๊ฐ.
Where were we told to receive the package?
-์๊ฑฐ๋
suggesting to..., or (listing quoted suggestions) (-์๊ฑฐ๋)
Master
Used to convey the content of a suggestion or invitation by giving examples or listing several quoted proposals.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน์๊ฑฐ๋ ์ ์ ๋ง์์๊ฑฐ๋ ํด๋ ๋๋ ์๊ฐ์ด ์์๋ค.
Even when Seunggyu suggested we eat or have a drink, I had no time.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋ํํ
๋ฌด์จ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ ๋๋ ์ํ์๋ ์๋ ๊ด์ฌ์ด ์๋ค.
No matter what movie my friend suggests we watch, I'm just not interested in movies to begin with.
์ง์๊ฐ ๋ํํ
์ด๋์ ๊ฐ์๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ง์๊ฑฐ๋ ํด๋ ๋๋ ์๊ด์๋ค.
Whether Jisu suggests we go somewhere or not, it doesn't matter to me.
-์๊ฑฐ๋
if (someone) suggests..., then (conditional suggestion) (-์๊ฑฐ๋ )
Master
Used to say that another person's suggestion or invitation is the condition or basis for what follows.
์ง์๊ฐ ์ง์ ๊ฐ์๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ชป ์ด๊ธฐ๋ ์ฒ ๋ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ.
If Jisu suggests going home, just go along like you're giving in.
์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ ์ ๋ง์์๊ฑฐ๋ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค๊ณ ๊ฑฐ์ ํด.
If people suggest having a drink, refuse by saying you drove here.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ๋๋ณด๊ณ ๋ง๋์๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ง๋ ์ฃผ์ง ๋ง.
If Seunggyu suggests meeting up with you, don't meet him.
-์๊ฑฐ๋ ์
since (someone) suggested..., you see (basis, polite) (-์๊ฑฐ๋ ์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to give another person's suggestion as the basis for the speaker's own action.
๋จผ์ ์ง์ ๊ฐ๋ณผ๊ฒ์. ์๋ด๊ฐ ์ง์์ ์ ๋
์ ๋จน์๊ฑฐ๋ ์.
I'll head home first โ my wife suggested we eat dinner at home, you see.
๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ฉด ์ ๋ผ์? ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋ ๋๋ฌด ์๋๋ฌ์์ ๋ค๋ค ๊ฐ์ง ๋ง์๊ฑฐ๋ ์.
Can we go somewhere else? It's so loud there, everyone suggested we not go, you see.
๊ธ์์ผ์ ๋ง๋๋ ๋ ๊น์? ๋ด์ผ์ ์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ด ์น๊ท์๊ฒ ๋ณ๋ฌธ์์ ๊ฐ์๊ฑฐ๋ ์.
Could we meet on Friday? My friends suggested visiting Seunggyu in the hospital tomorrow, you see.
-์๊ณ ์
I said, let's...! (repeating a suggestion, polite) (-์๊ณ ์)
Master
(informal polite) Used when the speaker repeats or emphasizes a suggestion or claim they already made.
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ ํ๋ด์๊ณ ์.
Everyone, I said let's all cheer up!
๋๋ฌ ๊ฐ๋๋ผ๋ ๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน๊ณ ๊ฐ์๊ณ ์.
Even if we're going out, I said let's eat first.
๋ฌธ ์ข ๋ซ์๊ณ ์. ์ ๊ฐ ๋ช ๋ฒ์ ๋งํฉ๋๊น?
I said, let's close the door! How many times do I have to say it?
-์๊ธฐ์
since (someone) suggested..., (cause/basis) (-์๊ธฐ์)
Master
Used to cite a suggestion the speaker heard as the reason or basis for what follows.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ฅผ ํด์ ๋ฐฅ ํ๋ฒ ๋จน์๊ธฐ์ ์ง์๋ ๋๊ฐ ์ฑ๋น๋ฅผ ํ๋ค.
Since Seunggyu called and suggested getting a meal together, Jisu got ready to go out.
์ธ๋๊ฐ ๋ฐฑํ์ ์ ๊ฐ๋๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ์๊ธฐ์ ๋๋ ๋ฐ๋ผ๋์ฐ๋ค.
Since my sister was going to the department store and suggested I come along, I followed.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋ต๋ตํ๋ค๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ๋์ด๋ ์ฌ๊ณ ์ค์๊ธฐ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ฐ๋ค๋ก ๋ ๋ฌ๋ค.
Since my friend said they were feeling stuffy and suggested getting some fresh air, we headed to the sea.
-์๊ธธ๋
since (someone) suggested... (cause, casual) (-์๊ธธ๋)
Master
A casual variant of -์๊ธฐ์ โ used to cite a suggestion the speaker heard as the reason for what follows.
๋๋ ์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ ๋
์ ๊ฐ์ด ๋จน์๊ธธ๋ ์ง์ ๋์ฐ๋ค.
Since my friend suggested eating dinner together, I left the house.
๋๋ ์ง์๊ฐ ๋ณด์์ ์ํ๋ ์ง์ ๊ฐ์๊ธธ๋ ๋ฉ๋ฆฌ๊น์ง ์๋ค.
Since Jisu suggested going to a place that's good at bossam, I came all this way.
๋์์ด ์จ ๊น์ ์๋ด ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ์ ํ์๊ธธ๋ ํผ๊ณคํ์ง๋ง ๋ฐ๋ผ๋์ฐ๋ค.
Since my sibling was already visiting and suggested touring downtown, I went along even though I was tired.
-์๋ค
(someone) says let's..., you know (relaying a suggestion) (-์๋ค)
Master
Used, in a moderately low tone, to relay a suggestion or invitation someone else made.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๊ฐ ๋ฐํ๋ฅผ ํ ๋ ์ ์ฅ์ ์
์๋ค.
Minjun says we should wear suits when we give the presentation.
ํ์ฅ์ด ๋ค์ ์ฃผ์๋ ์ด ์ฑ
์ ์ฝ๊ณ ํ ๋ก ์ ํ์๋ค.
The chairman says we should read this book and discuss it next week.
๋ถ์ฅ๋๊ป์ ์ด๋ฒ ์ฃผ๋ง์๋ ๋ค ํจ๊ป ์ฐํ์ ๊ฐ์๋ค.
The manager says we should all go hiking together this weekend.
-์๋๋
are they suggesting to...? (questioning a relayed suggestion) (-์๋๋)
Master
(informal, addressee-lowering) Used to ask, as if confirming, about a suggestion or invitation the speaker was told about.
์ด ์๊ฐ์ ์ด๋ ๋๊ฐ์๋๋?
Are they suggesting going out at this hour?
์์ฆ ์๊พธ ์ด์ด ์ฐ๋๋ฐ ๋ ๋ฌด์์ ๋จน์๋๋?
I keep gaining weight lately โ what are they suggesting we eat now?
ํ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ํ ๋ํํ
๋ฑ์ฐ์ ๊ฐ์๋๋?
Are they suggesting hiking to me when my back hurts?
-์๋
the suggestion to (do) (quoting, attributive) (-์๋)
Master
Used to quote a suggestion or invitation and use it to modify the following noun (like 'suggestion' or 'proposal').
์ง์๋ ๊ณ๊ณก์ ๊ฐ๊ณ ์ถ์๋ฐ ๋ฐ๋ค์ ๊ฐ์๋ ์น๊ตฌ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ด ๋ง๋ค.
Jisu wants to go to the valley, but is troubled by her friend's suggestion to go to the beach.
์์ด๋ค์ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋์ด๊ณต์์ ๊ฐ ์ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ๊ณ์ ๋์๋ ์์ด๋ค์ ๋ฌ๋์ ๊ฒจ์ฐ ์ง์ ์๋ค.
Yumin, who took the kids to the amusement park, barely made it home after calming the kids who kept insisting on playing more.
๋๋ ๊น ์จ์๊ฒ์ ํจ๊ป ์ผํ์๋ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
I received a proposal from Mr. Kim to work together.
-์๋๊ตฌ๋
so (someone's) suggesting to...! (relaying, blunt) (-์๋๊ตฌ๋)
Master
Used, in a very blunt/lowering tone, to convey another person's suggestion to the listener with a sense of realization.
๋๋๊ฐ ์ ์ฌ ๋ ๊ตญ์๋ฅผ ๋จน์๋๊ตฌ๋.
So my sister is suggesting we have noodles for lunch!
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๊ฐ ์ฃผ๋ง์ ๊ฐ์ด ๋ฑ์ฐ ๊ฐ์๋๊ตฌ๋.
So Minjun is suggesting we go hiking together this weekend!
์น๊ท๊ฐ ํด๊ทผ ํ์ ๊ฐ์ด ์ ํ์ ํ์๋๊ตฌ๋.
So Seunggyu is suggesting we have a drink together after work!
-์๋๊ตฐ
so (someone's) suggesting to... (relaying, blunt) (-์๋๊ตฐ)
Master
Used, in a blunt/lowering tone, to convey another person's suggestion or invitation to the listener.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ์์ ๋ถํฐ ๋จผ์ ํ์๋๊ตฐ.
So Seunggyu is suggesting we do the homework first.
์ง์ฌ๋์ด ์ฃผ๋ง์๋ ๊ฐ์ด ๋์ฒญ์๋ฅผ ํ์๋๊ตฐ.
So my wife is suggesting we do a big cleanup together this weekend.
์ง์๋ ๋ฆ๋๋ค๋๊น ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ์ง ๋ง๊ณ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๋จผ์ ์ ๋
์ ๋จน์๋๊ตฐ.
So since Jisu will be late, they're suggesting we don't wait and eat dinner among ourselves first.
-์๋๋ฐ
they're suggesting to..., and (quoting a suggestion, continuing) (-์๋๋ฐ)
Master
Used to quote a suggestion or invitation, and then continue with the speaker's own following statement.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ด ๋์๊ด์์ ๊ณต๋ถ๋ฅผ ํ์๋๋ฐ ๋๋ ์ฉ ๋ดํค์ง ์๋๋ค.
My friend is suggesting we study together at the library, but I'm not really up for it.
์ง์๊ฐ ๋ค์ ์ฃผ์ ์์์ฅ์ ๋๋ฌ ๊ฐ์๋๋ฐ ๋ ํน์ ์ข์ ๋ฐ ์๋?
Jisu is suggesting we go to the pool next week โ do you happen to know a good spot?
๊ฐ์๊ธฐ ์น๊ท๊ฐ ๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน์๋๋ฐ ๋๋ ์ด์ํด์ ๊ฑฐ์ ํ๋ค.
Seunggyu suddenly suggested we get a meal, but I felt awkward and refused.
-์๋๋ฐ๋
even though (someone) suggests..., (unexpected result) (-์๋๋ฐ๋)
Master
Used to say that despite a suggestion or invitation having been made, an unexpected or contrary result still follows.
๋ง์๋ ๊ฑธ ๋จน์ผ๋ฌ ๊ฐ์๋๋ฐ๋ ์๋ค์ ๋๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ท์ฐฎ๋ค๊ณ ๋ง ํ๋ค.
Even though I suggest going out for something delicious, my son just says it's too much trouble to go out.
ํผ๊ณคํ๋๊น ๊ทธ๋ฅ ์ง์ ์์๋๋ฐ๋ ์๋ด๋ ํ์ฌ์ฝ ๋๋ค์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์๊ณ ํ๋ค.
Even though I suggested just staying home since I was tired, my wife insisted we go on an outing.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ง ์์ด๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์ผ๊ตด ์ข ๋ณด์๋๋ฐ๋ ๋๋ ๋ชธ์ด ์ ์ข์์ ๊ฑฐ์ ํ๋ค.
Even though my friend, saying they were right outside, suggested meeting up, I refused because I wasn't feeling well.
-์๋๋ฐ์
they're suggesting to..., so (relaying a suggestion, polite) (-์๋๋ฐ์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to indirectly convey a suggestion or invitation the speaker heard.
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๊ฐ ์์ฌ๋ ๋ง๊ณ ๊ฐ๋จํ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ง์์๋๋ฐ์.
Yumin is suggesting we skip the meal and just have a simple tea instead.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ํํฑ ๋ธ๋ค๊ณ ๋ชจ์ ๋ ์ง ์ก์๋๋ฐ์.
Seunggyu is suggesting we set a date for a get-together since he's treating everyone.
๋ด์ผ์ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ฐ ๊ฐ์กฑ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์์ฌ ํ๋ฒ ํ์๋๋ฐ์.
Dad is suggesting we all have a family meal together tomorrow.
-์๋๊น
since (someone) suggested..., (cause/basis) (-์๋๊น)
Master
Used to give the content of a suggestion or invitation as the reason or basis for what follows.
์ด๋ฒ ์ฃผ๋ง์๋ ๋์ด๊ณต์์ ๋๋ฌ ๊ฐ์๋๊น ์์ด๋ค์ด ๋ฌด์ฒ ๊ธฐ๋ปํ๋ค.
Since I suggested going to the amusement park this weekend, the kids were overjoyed.
์ ์ฌ์ ๊ฐ๋จํ๊ฒ ๋ฐฐ๋ฌ์ ์์ผ์ ๋จน์๋๊น ์ด๋จธ๋๋ ๊ธฐ์ด์ฝ ์ ์ฌ์ ์ค๋นํ์ ๋ค.
Even though I suggested just ordering something simple for lunch, mom insists on preparing lunch anyway.
์๋ค์ ๊ณต๋ถํ์๋๊น ์๋ ์ฒ์ ํ๋ค.
Since I suggested studying, my son pretends to be asleep.
-์๋์
what, let's...?! (surprised at a suggestion, polite) (-์๋์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to show the speaker is surprised or taken aback upon hearing a suggestion or invitation.
๋น๋ ์ค๋๋ฐ ๊ฐ์๊ธฐ ์ฐ์ฑ
์ ๊ฐ์๋์?
What, it's raining and you're suddenly suggesting we go for a walk?!
์ด๋ ๊ฒ ํผํด๊ฐ ์ฌ๊ฐํ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ฉํ ๋์ด๊ฐ์๋์?
The damage is this serious, and you're suggesting we just let it slide quietly?!
์ด์ ํด์ ์ง์ ๊ฐ์ผ ํ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ ์ ๋ง์์๋์?
You're suggesting drinking to someone who has to drive home?!
-์๋๋
(someone) suggested..., but then (relaying, then contrasting) (-์๋๋)
Master
Used to mention a suggestion or invitation someone made, and then continue on to a following, often contrasting, statement.
์น๊ท๋ ์ค๋ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๋๋ ์ ํ๋ ์ ๋ฐ๊ณ ์ฐ๋ฝ๋ ์๋ค.
Seunggyu suggested watching a movie today, but now he's not answering calls or messages.
์ค๋ ๋๋ฌ ๊ฐ์๋๋ ์์ง๊น์ง ์ ๋ง ์๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉด ์ด๋กํด?
You suggested going out today, so what are you doing still sleeping?
๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน์๋๋ ๊ฐ์๊ธฐ ์ฌ ์์ฅ๋ฉด์ ๋จน์ด?
You suggested getting a meal, so why are you suddenly eating jajangmyeon?
-์์ง๋ง
(someone) suggests..., but (conceding a suggestion, then contrasting) (-์์ง๋ง)
Master
Used to convey a suggestion or invitation the speaker heard about, and then connect it to a following statement about the difficulty of following it.
์ธ๋๋ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์ํด ์ฃผ๋ง์ ๋ฑ์ฐ์ ๊ฐ์์ง๋ง ์ ๋ ์ข ์ฌ๊ณ ์ถ์ด์.
My sister suggests hiking this weekend for our health, but I'd like to rest a bit.
ํ์๋ค์ด ์ค๋ ํ์์ ํ์์ง๋ง ํ ์ผ์ด ๋ง์์ ๊ฐ ์ ์์์ง ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ด์.
The team suggests having a team dinner today, but I have so much work I'm not sure I can go.
์ง์๋ ์ปคํผ๋ฅผ ๋ง์์์ง๋ง ์ ์ฌ์๊ฐ์ด ๋ค ๋ผ์ ์ ๋ ๋ฐฅ๋ถํฐ ๋จน์์ผ๋ฉด ํ๋๋ฐ์.
Jisu suggests getting coffee, but since it's almost lunchtime, I'd rather eat first.
-๋ค๋๊ตฐ/๋๋ค๋๊ตฐ
I heard, apparently... (relaying a discovery) (-๋ค๋๊ตฐ/๋๋ค๋๊ตฐ)
Master
(informal, addressee-lowering) Used to relay something the speaker just found out, to the listener.
์ง์๋ ์ง๊ธ ์ํ์ ๋ถ๋ง์ด ์๋ค๋๊ตฐ.
I heard Jisu has no complaints about her life right now.
์ด๋จธ๋๊ฐ ๋ด๊ทธ์ ๊น์น๊ฐ ์ ๋ง ๋ง์๋ค๋๊ตฐ.
I heard the kimchi Mom made is really delicious.
์น๊ท๋ ์์ฆ ์ผ๊ทผ์ด ๋ง์์ ํผ๊ณคํ๋ค๋๊ตฐ.
I heard Seunggyu has been tired since he's been working overtime a lot lately.
-๋ค๋ ์ง/๋๋ค๋ ์ง
whether... or... (choosing between two facts) (-๋ค๋ ์ง/๋๋ค๋ ์ง)
Master
Used, usually repeated twice, to say something must be one of two stated facts or states.
๊ธฐ๋ถ์ด ์ข๋ค๋ ์ง ๋์๋ค๋ ์ง ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํด ๋ณด์ธ์.
Please tell me whether you're feeling good or bad.
์ด ์ํ๊ฐ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ค๋ ์ง ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ค๋ ์ง ์ข ์๋ ค ์ฃผ์ธ์.
Please let me know whether this movie is fun or not.
๋ฅ๋ค๋ ์ง ์ถฅ๋ค๋ ์ง ๋ง์ ํด์ผ ๋ด๊ฐ ์์ฃ .
You have to tell me whether it's hot or cold for me to know.
-๋ค๋ง๋ค์
of course it is! (strongly agreeing) (-๋ค๋ง๋ค์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to strongly agree with or confirm what the listener just said or asked.
์ ์๋์ ๋ง์ด ๋ค ๋ง๋ค๋ง๋ค์.
Of course everything the teacher says is right!
์ธ๋๊ฐ ๊ณจ๋ผ ์ฃผ์ ์ ๋ฌผ์ธ๋ฐ ๋ง์์ ๋ค๋ค๋ง๋ค์.
Of course I like it โ it's the gift my sister picked out for me!
์ ์๋๊ป์ ๋ถํํ์๋ ๊ฑด๋ฐ ํ๋ค๋ง๋ค์.
Of course I'll do it, since it's the teacher asking!
-๋ค๋ฉฐ/๋๋ค๋ฉฐ
you said... so why? (challenging based on a prior statement) (-๋ค๋ฉฐ/๋๋ค๋ฉฐ)
Master
Used to challenge the listener by pointing out that what they said before doesn't match the current situation.
๊ทธ ์ํ๋ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ค๋ฉฐ ์ ๋ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ ํ๋?
You said that movie wasn't fun, so why are you trying to watch it again?
์์ ์ฌ๋ฃ๋ ๋๋ํ๋ค๋ฉฐ ๋ญ ๋ ์ฌ๋ ค๊ณ ๊ทธ๋?
You said we had plenty of ingredients, so why are you trying to buy more?
๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ํ๋ค๋ฉฐ ๋์์ ์ข ์ฌ์ง ์๊ณ ๋ญ ํ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋?
You said you had a headache โ why aren't you lying down to rest instead of doing that?
-๋ค์ง๋ง/๋๋ค์ง๋ง
they say..., but (conceding a known fact, then contrasting) (-๋ค์ง๋ง/๋๋ค์ง๋ง)
Master
Used to admit a fact the speaker already knows or heard, while pointing out that the actual situation differs from it.
์ผ์ด ๋ฐ์๋ค์ง๋ง ์ผ๊ตด์ ํ ๋ฒ ๋ณผ ์ ์๋ ๊ฑฐ ์๋?
I know work is busy, but can't we at least see each other once?
๊ทธ๊ฐ ์ค๋ ฅ์ ์๋ค์ง๋ง ๊ทธ๊ฒ๋ง์ผ๋ก๋ ์ฑ๊ณตํ๊ธฐ ํ๋ค์ง.
I know he has real skill, but that alone makes it hard to succeed.
๋ณธ์ธ์ ์ค์ค๋ก ํ๊ฒ ๋ค์ง๋ง ์ฃผ๋ณ ์ฌ๋์ ๋์ ์์ด๋ ํ๋ค ๊ฑฐ์์.
He says he'll do it himself, but it'll be hard without help from those around him.
-๋ค์ง์/๋๋ค์ง์
that's true, right? (confirming a known fact, polite) (-๋ค์ง์/๋๋ค์ง์)
Master
(informal polite) Used when the speaker asks to confirm a fact they already know.
๋ค์ ์ฃผ์ ๋ํต๋ น ์ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ ์๋ค์ง์?
There's a presidential election next week, right?
๋์ง์ ๋ฎ์ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์งง๋ค์ง์?
The day is shortest on the winter solstice, right?
๊ธฐ๋ฆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์ ์์์ ์นผ๋ก๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋๋ค์ง์?
Greasy food is high in calories, right?
-๋๋/๋๋๋
even if I say..., (no effect regardless) (-๋๋/๋๋๋)
Master
Used to say that even though the preceding statement is asserted or assumed, it has no effect on what follows.
๋ด๊ฐ ์ ๋ง ์ถฅ๋๋ ๋ง ์ ๋ฃ๊ณ ์งง์ ์น๋ง๋ฅผ ์
๊ณ ๋๊ฐ๋ค๋.
Even though I say I'm really cold, she doesn't listen and goes out in a short skirt.
์ด๋ฒ ๊น์ฅ์ ๋ด๊ฐ ๋์์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋๋ ๊ณ์ ๊ฑฑ์ ์ ํ๋ค.
Even though I say I'll help with the kimchi-making this time, she keeps worrying.
์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ค๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐ์ด๋๋๋ ์ฌ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ถ์ง ์์ ์ฌ๋๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ์ผํ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ต์ต๋๋ค.
No matter how much someone's skills are said to be outstanding, it's hard to work with a person who lacks good character.
-๋์/๋๋์
since they say..., (basis for what follows) (-๋์/๋๋์)
Master
Used to develop the following content based on something the speaker heard from someone else.
์ค๋์ ๋ ์จ๊ฐ ๋ฅ๋์ ๋ฐํ ์ท์ ์
์์ด.
Since I heard it would be hot today, I wore short sleeves.
์ฌ์ ์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๊ฝ์ด ์ข๋์ ์ฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฌผํ์ด.
Since my girlfriend said she likes flowers, I gave her roses.
๋ณ์์ ๊ฐ๋๋ฐ ์ด์ด ๋๋ฌด ๋๋์ ๋๋ ๋น๋ถ๊ฐ ์
์์ ํ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ๋ค.
I went to the hospital, and since they said my fever was too high, I decided to be admitted for a while.
-๋์ผ/๋๋์ผ
only if they say..., (a condition worth acting on) (-๋์ผ/๋๋์ผ)
Master
Used to say that the preceding content, if actually asserted or true, would be the condition for the following action.
๋ค๊ฐ ๋ฐ์๋์ผ ๋ด๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ ๋์ง. ๋ง์ ์ ํ๋ฉด ๋ฐ์์ง ๋ด๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์๊ฒ ์ด?
Only if you say you're busy will I go help โ how would I know you're busy if you don't say so?
๋ ์จ๊ฐ ์ข๋์ผ ์ํ์ด๋ผ๋ ๊ฐ์ง. ๋น๊ฐ ๊ณ์ ์์ ๋๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ค์.
Only if they say the weather's good can we even go on a picnic โ it keeps raining so it's hard to go out.
์ฑ
์ด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋์ผ ์ ํ๋ฆฌ์ง. ํ์ง๋ง ์๋ป์์ผ ์ผ๋ง ๋ชป ๊ฐ์ง.
A book only sells well if people say it's actually interesting โ a pretty cover alone won't get it far.
-๋์/๋๋์
I heard that... (relaying, casual polite) (-๋์/๋๋์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to indirectly convey something someone else said.
์ง์ํํ
๋ด์ผ ์ง์ ์ค๋ฌ๋๋ ์๊ฐ์ด ์๋์.
I told Jisu to come home tomorrow, but she says she has no time.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๊ฐ ๊ตํต์ฌ๊ณ ๋ก ์
์์ ํ๋์.
I heard Minjun was hospitalized because of a car accident.
์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ด ์๋ก ๋์จ ์ํ๊ฐ ๋ฌด์ฒ ์ฌ๋ฐ๋์.
My friends say the newly released movie is really fun.
-๋๊ตฌ๋จผ์
I noticed that... (recalling with mild wonder, polite) (-๋๊ตฌ๋จผ์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to note or express a bit of wonder about something the speaker newly found out.
์ง์๋ ๋ฐฉํ ๋์ ์ ๋ฝ ์ฌํ์ ๋ค๋
์๋๊ตฌ๋จผ์.
I noticed Jisu had gone on a trip to Europe during the break.
์์ง ์๋ค์ด ๋ํ์ ์์์ผ๋ก ํฉ๊ฒฉ์ ํ๋๊ตฌ๋จผ์.
I found out the son next door got into university at the top of his class.
์น๊ท ํค๊ฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ํฐ๊ฐ ํ๋๋ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ป์ ํค๊ฐ ํฌ์๋๊ตฌ๋จผ์.
I wondered how Seunggyu got so tall, and then I noticed his father is tall too.
-๋๋ผ๋ค
I saw that..., as I recall (relaying a past observation) (-๋๋ผ๋ค)
Master
Used, in a moderately low tone, to objectively relay something the speaker personally witnessed or experienced before.
์์ง ์์ฃผ๋จธ๋๊ฐ ๋ฎ์ ์ด๋๊ฐ๋ฅผ ํฉ๊ธํ ๊ฐ๋๋ผ๋ค.
I saw the lady next door hurrying off somewhere during the day.
๊ทธ ์์ด๊ฐ ํผ์๋
ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ด๋ค๋๋ ์๊ฐ๋ณด๋ค ๊ฝค ์ ์น๋๋ผ๋ค.
I heard that kid was learning piano, and it turns out they play quite well, better than I thought.
์ง์๊ฐ ์์
์ ๋ง๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ๋ ค๊ณ ํ๋๋ ์น๊ท๊ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ ํด ๋์๋๋ผ๋ค.
Jisu was about to finish the work, but it turned out Seunggyu had already done it.
-๋๋ผ๋
the account that... (quoting a past experience, attributive) (-๋๋ผ๋)
Master
Used to convey something someone experienced firsthand, and use it to modify the following noun.
์ถฉ์น ์น๋ฃ๋ ์ํ๋๋ผ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๋ง์ ์ข ๋๋ ต๋ค.
A lot of people say cavity treatment hurts, so I'm a little scared.
์๋ฒ์ง์ ๋ง์์ ์ด๋์ ํ๋ ๋ชธ์ด ํ๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์์ง๋๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ์ด์์ต๋๋ค.
What Dad said was that once he started exercising, his body felt much lighter.
ํฌ๊ฒ ๊ณ ์์ ํ๋๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์์ ํ ๋ฌ๋ผ์ก๋๋ผ๋ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข
์ข
๋ฃ์ต๋๋ค.
I often hear the story that a person changed completely after going through a lot of hardship.
-๋๋ผ๋
so THAT'S why...! (revealing surprise/realization) (-๋๋ผ๋)
Master
Used to express surprise, wonder, or anger about something the speaker recalls having heard or seen before.
์ด ์ํ๊ฐ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋๋ผ๋ ๋ ์ ํ ์ดํด๊ฐ ์ ๋๋๊ฑธ.
So this movie's supposed to be interesting โ I don't get it at all.
๊ทธ ์ ๊ฐ ์ผ๋ง๋ ์์๋ฐ ์์์ง ์๋๋ผ๋ ๋ง๋ ์ ๋ผ.
That kid is so pretty โ saying she's not pretty makes no sense.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ด๊ฑธ ์ผ๋ง๋ ์ด์ฌํ ๋ง๋ค์๋๋ฐ ์๋ง์ด๋๋ผ๋ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๋งํ ์ ์์ด?
We worked so hard on this โ how can you say it's a mess?
-๋ต๋๊น/-ใด๋ต๋๊น/-๋๋ต๋๊น
what did they say about...? (very formal, asking about a relayed fact) (-๋ต๋๊น/-ใด๋ต๋๊น/-๋๋ต๋๊น)
Master
Used, in a very formal tone, to ask the listener about a fact they previously heard.
์ง์๋ ์ธ์ ์ฏค ์ถ๋ฐํ๋ต๋๊น?
What did they say about when Jisu left?
๋ฐฑํ์ ์๋ ์ธ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ง๋ต๋๊น?
What did they say about when the department store is most crowded?
์น๊ท๊ฐ ๋ด์ผ ๋ช ์์ ์จ๋ต๋๊น?
What time do they say Seunggyu is coming tomorrow?
-๋ต๋๋ค/-ใด๋ต๋๋ค/-๋๋ต๋๋ค
I'm told that... (very formal, relaying a fact) (-๋ต๋๋ค/-ใด๋ต๋๋ค/-๋๋ต๋๋ค)
Master
Used, in a very formal tone, to convey to the listener something the speaker heard from someone else.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ์ธ๊ตญ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ด๋ ต๋ต๋๋ค.
I'm told that for Minjun, learning a foreign language is the hardest.
์ํ์์ ๊ณ์ข๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค ๋ ์ ๋ถ์ฆ์ด ๊ผญ ํ์ํ๋ต๋๋ค.
I'm told an ID is definitely required to open an account at the bank.
์ง์๊ฐ ๋งค์ผ ์์นจ ํ๊ต์ ๊ฑธ์ด์ ๊ฐ๋ต๋๋ค.
I'm told Jisu walks to school every morning.
-๋ต๋๋ค/-ใด๋ต๋๋ค/-๋๋ต๋๋ค
I heard directly that... (moderately formal, relaying firsthand) (-๋ต๋๋ค/-ใด๋ต๋๋ค/-๋๋ต๋๋ค)
Master
Used, in a moderately formal tone, to convey something the speaker heard directly from someone before.
์น๊ทํํ
์ํ์ง ์์๋๊ณ ๋ฌผ์๋๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์๋ต๋๋ค.
I asked Seunggyu if he wasn't in pain, and he said he was fine.
๋ฏผ์ค์ดํํ
๋ฌผ์ด๋ดค๋๋ ๊ทธ๋ฐ ์ผ ์๋ต๋๋ค.
I asked Minjun, and he said no such thing happened.
์ง์๊ฐ ๋งค์ฃผ ๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ง๋๋ต๋๋ค.
I heard directly that Jisu meets that person every week.
-๋๋ผ๋๋
saying it was this or that (recalling, disputed) (-๋๋ผ๋๋)
Master
Used to say that people gave conflicting accounts when recalling something from the past.
๋ฐค๋ง๋ค ๋๋ค ๋น์ง์์ ๋๋ ์๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๊ท์ ์๋ฆฌ์ ๊ฐ๋๋ผ๋๋ ์ด๋ป๋๋ผ๋๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ง์์ง.
There was a lot of talk about how the sound from the empty house at night sounded like a ghost, or was some other way.
๋ชฉ๊ฒฉ์๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ฐ์ด๋ค๋๋ผ๋๋ ์ฐจ๊ฐ ์๋ ฅ์ ์ค์ด์ง ์๋๋ผ๋๋ ํ๋ฉฐ ํก์ค์์คํ๋ค.
The witness rambled, saying the person jumped out, or that the car didn't slow down.
๊ทธ๋
๋ ํ๋ฒ ์ ์ ๋ง์๋ฉด ์์ฃผ ์ด ๋ณ ์ด์์ ๋ง์๋๋ผ๋๋ ํ๋ ์๋ฌธ์ด ๋ง์์ง.
There were a lot of rumors saying that once she started drinking, she'd have more than ten bottles of soju.
-๋๋ผ๋๊ตฌ๋
so I heard (someone) directly experienced...! (relaying, blunt) (-๋๋ผ๋๊ตฌ๋)
Master
Used, in a very blunt/lowering tone, to convey to the listener something someone else directly experienced.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ์๊พธ ๊ณ ์ง์ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ๋๊ตฌ๋.
So I heard Seunggyu kept being stubborn!
ํ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ป์ ๋ค ์์์ ๋ฃ๊ณ ๊น์ง ๋๋ผ์๋๋ผ๋๊ตฌ๋.
So I heard Grandpa was really surprised when he heard the news about you!
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๊ฐ ์ ์๋์ด ๋๋ ์ธ์ ๊ฒฐํผํ๋๊ณ ๋ฌป๋๋ผ๋๊ตฌ๋.
So I heard Minjun said the teacher asked when you're getting married!
-๋๋ผ๋๊ตฐ
so I heard (someone) directly experienced... (relaying, blunt) (-๋๋ผ๋๊ตฐ)
Master
Used, in a blunt/lowering tone, to convey to the listener a newly-heard direct experience of someone else.
์น๊ท๋ค ์ง์ ๋๋ฌ ๊ฐ๋ ์ ๋ค์ด ์น๊ท ์๋ฆฌ ์์จ๊ฐ ๋๋จํ๋๋ผ๋๊ตฐ.
So I heard the kids who visited Seunggyu's place said his cooking skills are amazing.
๋ฉฐ์น ์ ์ ์ ๋ฏผ์ด๊ฐ ์ง์๋ฅผ ๋ดค๋๋ฐ ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์๋ ์ฒ๋ ์ ํ๋๋ผ๋๊ตฐ.
So I heard that a few days ago Yumin saw Jisu, and she didn't even acknowledge her.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ผ์ฐ ์ง์ ๊ฐ๋ ๋ ๋ฏผ์ค์ด๊ฐ ๋ค๋ฆ๊ฒ ์๋๋ฐ ์์ฃผ ๋ฉ์ง๊ฒ ์ฐจ๋ ค์
๊ณ ์๋๋ผ๋๊ตฐ.
So I heard that on the day we went home early, Minjun showed up late all dressed up nicely.
-๋๋ผ๋๋ฐ
I heard (someone) said..., and (relaying an experience, continuing) (-๋๋ผ๋๋ฐ)
Master
Used to convey something heard, based on a direct experience, and then continue with the speaker's own thought or question.
์ด๋จธ๋๊ป์ ๊ฟ์ ํฐ ๋ณต์ญ์๊ฐ ๋ณด์ด์๋๋ผ๋๋ฐ ์ด๊ฑฐ ํ๋ชฝ ์๋๊ฐ?
Mom said she saw a big peach in her dream โ isn't this a pregnancy dream?
๊ทธ ๋ถ์์ง์ ์์์ ์กฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋๋ผ๋๋ฐ ์ด์ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ง์์ผ๊ฒ ์ด.
I heard that snack place pours a lot of seasoning into the food, so I guess we shouldn't go there anymore.
์ง์๊ฐ ์ฃผ๋ง์๋ ๋ฐฑํ์ ์ ์ฌ๋์ด ์์ฒญ ๋ง๋๋ผ๋๋ฐ ์ผ์์ผ์ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฑด ํผํ์.
Jisu said the department store is packed with people on weekends, so let's avoid going on Sunday.
-๋๋ผ๋๋ฐ์
I heard (someone) said..., so (relaying, polite) (-๋๋ผ๋๋ฐ์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to indirectly convey something heard, based on someone's direct experience.
์ง์๊ฐ ๊ทธ ์ํ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋๋ผ๋๋ฐ์.
I heard Jisu said that movie wasn't fun.
์๋ก ์๊ธด ์๋น์ ๊ฐ๋ง ๋น์ธ๊ณ ๋ง์ด ์๋๋ผ๋๋ฐ์.
I heard the new restaurant is expensive and not tasty.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๊ฐ ์ข ์ ์ ๊ฐ๋ค ์๋๋ฐ ๋ฐฑํ์ ์ ์ฌ๋์ด ์์ฒญ ๋ง๋๋ผ๋๋ฐ์.
Minjun just came back and said the department store is packed with people.
-๋๋ผ๋๊น
I'm telling you, I saw that... (basis from direct experience) (-๋๋ผ๋๊น)
Master
Used to convey something the speaker personally experienced before, as the reason or basis for what follows.
๊ณต๋ถ ์ ํ๋ ์ง์๊ฐ ํญ์ ์ผ๋ฑ์ ํ๋๋ผ๋๊น ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ ์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ด ๋๋์ด.
I said Jisu, who never studies, always gets first place, and the kids in the other class were surprised.
๋๋ ์ด๊ฒ ๋ง์๋๋ผ๋๊น ์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์๊ธฐ๋ ๋ง์ด ์๋ค๋ฉฐ ์ดํด๊ฐ ์ ๋๋.
I said I found this delicious, but my friend said they found it tasteless and don't understand why.
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๊ฐ ๋นจ๊ฐ์์ด ์ข๋๋ผ๋๊น ์ ์์ด ๋นจ๊ฐ์ ์ฝํธ๋ฅผ ์ถ์ฒํด ์คฌ์ด.
I said Yumin liked red, so the clerk recommended a red coat.
-๋๋ผ๋๊น์
I'm telling you, I really saw/experienced it (emphasizing, polite) (-๋๋ผ๋๊น์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to confirm or emphasize to the listener something the speaker directly experienced before.
๋ถ์ฐ์ ์์ธ์ ๋นํด ๋ฐ๋ปํ๋๋ผ๋๊น์.
I'm telling you, Busan really is warmer compared to Seoul.
์ง์ ์ง์๋ ์๋๋ฌผ์ด ์ ๋์ค๋๋ผ๋๊น์.
I'm telling you, the tap water really doesn't come out at Jisu's house.
์น๊ท๋ ์์ง ๋๊บผ์ด ๊ฒจ์ธ์ท์ ์
๋๋ผ๋๊น์.
I'm telling you, Seunggyu is still wearing thick winter clothes.
-๋๋ผ๋๊น
I'm telling you, I really saw it (emphasizing, casual contraction) (-๋๋ผ๋๊น)
Master
The more casual, contracted spoken form of -๋๋ผ๋๊น โ used to emphasize something the speaker directly saw or heard.
์ธ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํด์ ์ท์ ์ข ์ฌ๋ ค๊ณ ํ๋๋ ์์ ์ท์ ๋น์ธ๋๋ผ๋๊น.
I was going to buy some clothes since it was a sale, but I'm telling you, the pretty ones were expensive.
์ผ์ด ๋ฐ์๋ค๊ณ ํด์ ๋์์ฃผ๋ฌ ๊ฐ๋๋ ์์์ ์ฌ๋๋ผ๋๊น.
They said they were busy, so I went to help, but I'm telling you, they were just sitting there resting.
์ํ์ด ์ด๋ ค์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ๊ฑฑ์ ํ๋๋ ์ ๋ง ์ ์๋๋ผ๋๊น.
They were worried the exam would be hard, but I'm telling you, they slept just fine.
-๋๋ผ๋ง๋
I recall that..., but (conceding a recollection, then contrasting) (-๋๋ผ๋ง๋)
Master
Used to admit something the speaker recalls from before, while showing it doesn't affect or conflicts with what follows.
์ด์ ์ผ์ฐ ์ค๋๋ผ๋ง๋, ๋ ๋ฆ์ ์ ์๊ณ ๋ง์๋ค.
I remember going to bed early yesterday, but I still overslept again.
์ง๊ธ๊ป ๋์์ด ์ด๋ฆฐ์ ์ธ ์ค ์์๋๋ผ๋ง๋, ์ค๋ ์์ฃผ ์ด๋ฅธ์ค๋ฝ๋๋ผ.
I always thought my sibling was just a kid, but today they seemed very grown-up.
๊น ์จ๊ฐ ๋ ์๋ฒฝ์ฃผ์์์ฒ๋ผ ๊ตด๋๋ผ๋ง๋, ์ค๋ ์ ๋ง ์ด์ด์๋ ์ค์๋ฅผ ํ๋ค๋ ๊ฑฐ ์๋๋.
Mr. Kim always acted like a perfectionist, but today he made a really ridiculous mistake.
-๋๋ผ๋ฉฐ
saying (they) directly experienced..., while (relaying + simultaneous action) (-๋๋ผ๋ฉฐ)
Master
Used to say that someone did another action while talking about something they directly experienced.
๋จน์ด ๋ณด๋ ๋ง์๋๋ผ๋ฉฐ ํ ์๋ฒ์ง๊ป์ ๋ด๊ฒ ๋ณต์ญ์ ๋ช ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์
จ๋ค.
Saying he'd tried it and found it delicious, Grandpa gave me a few peaches.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ด๋น์๊ฐ ์๊ธฐ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋๋์ง๋ ์์๋๋ฐ ์ ํ๋ฅผ ๋๋๋ผ๋ฉฐ ํ๋ฅผ ๋๋ค.
Saying that the person in charge hung up before he even finished talking, that person got angry.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ ์ ๊ฐ ๋ดค๋๋ฐ ๊ด์ฐฎ๋๋ผ๋ฉฐ ๋ด๊ฒ ์๊ฐํด ์ค ์ง์ด์ผ.
It's a place my friend recommended to me, saying they'd been there before and it was good.
-๋๋ผ๋ฉด์
you said you directly saw...! (challenging based on an experience) (-๋๋ผ๋ฉด์)
Master
Used to challenge someone by citing what they said about their own direct experience, then pointing out a contrary fact.
๋ํํ
๋ ๊ทธ ์ฑ
์ด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋๋ผ๋ฉด์ ์ ์น๊ทํํ
๋ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ค๊ณ ํ์ง?
You told me you found that book interesting โ so why did you tell Seunggyu it wasn't?
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๊ฐ ๋ํํ
๋ ์ง์๊ฐ ์์๋๋ผ๋ฉด์ ๋ํํ
๋ ์ ํ๋ฒํ๋ค๊ณ ํ ๊ฑธ๊น?
Yumin told me she thought Jisu was pretty โ why would she tell you she was just average?
๋ฐ ์จ๊ฐ ๋ํํ
๋ ๊ทธ ์๋น์ด ๊ด์ฐฎ๋๋ผ๋ฉด์ ์๋คํํ
๋ ์๋๋ผ๊ณ ํ๋จ ๋ง์ด์ง?
So Mr. Park told me the restaurant was good, but told you it wasn't?
-๋๋ผ์ง๋ง
they say (they) saw..., but (conceding a relayed experience, then contrasting) (-๋๋ผ์ง๋ง)
Master
Used to convey another person's account of a direct experience, then add the speaker's own differing opinion.
์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๊ฒช์ด์ผ ํ ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋๋ผ์ง๋ง ๊ทธ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ฒฌ๋ ์ ์๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ช์ด๋ ๋ ๊น์?
They say it's a process everyone has to go through, but how many people could really endure it?
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋ฐ ์ ์์ด ์ต๊ณ ๋๋ผ์ง๋ง ๋ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์๊ฐํ์ง ์์์ด.
Those people say Mr. Park was the best, but I didn't think so.
๊ทธ ์์ด๋ค์ด ๋ค๋ฅธ ์์ด๋ค๋ณด๋ค ์ด๋ฅธ์ค๋ฝ๋๋ผ์ง๋ง ๊ทธ๋๋ ์ ๋ค์ ์ ๋ค์ด์ง.
They say those kids are more mature than other kids, but kids are still kids.
-(์ผ)ใด/๋๋์
even if I say/do..., it won't amount to much (-(์ผ)ใด/๋๋์)
Master
Used to say that even if the preceding action is admitted or done, it falls short of expectations or doesn't amount to much.
์ง๊ธ ์๋๋ฌ ๊ฐ๋์ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ ์ถ๋ฐํ์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ.
Even if we rush there now, the train will probably have already left.
์ด์ ์์ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๋์ ๋ฌด์จ ์์ฉ ์๊ฒ ๋?
What good would it do to talk about it now?
์์ด๊ฐ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ผ์ฑ๋ฅผ ๋จน๋๋์ ํค๊ฐ ๊ฐ์๊ธฐ ํฌ์ง๋ ์๋๋ค.
Even if the child eats a lot of vegetables, they won't suddenly grow taller.
-(์ผ)ใด/๋๋๋๋ฐ
they said..., but (contradicting a past statement) (-(์ผ)ใด/๋๋๋๋ฐ)
Master
Used to convey something the speaker heard before, followed by a fact that opposes or relates to it.
์ผ๊ธฐ ์๋ณด์์ ์ค๋ ๋น๊ฐ ์จ๋๋๋ฐ ๋น ์ ์ค๋ค.
The weather forecast said it would rain today, but it's not raining.
์น๊ท๋ ์๊น ๋ถ๋ช
ํ ๋์๊ด์ ๊ฐ๋๋๋ฐ ์นดํ์์ ๋ญ ํ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ง?
Seunggyu clearly said he was going to the library earlier โ what's he doing at the cafรฉ?
์์ด๊ฐ ์ผ์ฑ๋ฅผ ์ ๋จน๋๋๋๋ฐ ์ค๋์ ์ ๋จน์ผ๋ ค๊ณ ํ๋ค.
They said the kid eats vegetables well, but today they won't eat them.
-ใน๊น๋ง๋
I doubt it, but (a guess conceded, then set aside) (-ใน๊น๋ง๋)
Master
Used to admit a guess or doubt raised in the preceding statement, while showing it doesn't really affect what follows.
์ด๋ฐ ํฐ ์ง์ด ๋ฌด์จ ์์ฉ์ผ๊น๋ง๋ ๊ทธ๋๋ ์ด ์ง์ด ์ ๋ง ๋ง์์ ๋ค์๋ค.
I doubt such a big house is really useful, but back then I really liked this house.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ๊ทธ๋ฐ ๋ชป๋ ์๊ฐ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊น๋ง๋ ๊ทธ๋๋ ์ผ๋จ ์กฐ์ฌํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ข๊ฒ ๋ค.
I doubt that person would have such a bad intention, but it's still better to be careful just in case.
๋๊ฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ๋ฐ๋ํ ๊น๋ง๋ ํน์๋ผ๋ ๋ฐ๋ํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์์ ์ ์๋ค๋ ๋ถ์๊ฐ์ด ๋ ๋์ง ์์๋ค.
I doubt anyone would oppose that decision, but the anxiety that someone might oppose it never went away.
-ใด๋์์ผ
if that's really how it is, then... (doubting/criticizing what was heard) (-ใด๋์์ผ)
Master
Used to raise doubt or make a negative judgment about a fact the speaker heard or learned.
์ฌํ์ ๋ฌ๊ณ ์ฐ๋์์ผ ์ถฉ์น๊ฐ ์ ์๊ธธ ๋ฆฌ ์์ง.
If they're really always eating candy like that, of course they'll get cavities.
๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์๋๋ฅธ๋์์ผ ์ค๋น๋ฌผ์ ์ ๋น ๋จ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ค ์ฑ๊ธฐ๊ฒ ๋?
If you're really rushing that much, do you think you'll manage to bring everything without forgetting something?
์ผํ์ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ํ๋์์ผ ์ํ๋น๊ฐ ์ ๋ถ์กฑํ ์ ์๊ฒ ์ด?
If you really go shopping like that, how could your living expenses not run short?
-๊ธฐ์ ๋ง์ ์ด์ง
it's a good thing that... (otherwise it would've been bad) (-๊ธฐ์ ๋ง์ ์ด์ง)
Master
Used to say that it was fortunate the preceding thing turned out as it did, since otherwise the result would have been bad.
์ ๋ ์น๋ฃํ๊ธฐ์ ๋ง์ ์ด์ง ๋ชฐ๋๋ค๋ฉด ํฐ ๋ณ์ด ๋์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
It's a good thing I got treated in time โ if I hadn't known, it would've become a serious illness.
์์ ๋ฒจํธ๋ฅผ ํ๊ธฐ์ ๋ง์ ์ด์ง ์ ๊ทธ๋ฌ์ผ๋ฉด ํฌ๊ฒ ๋ค์ณค์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
It's a good thing I wore my seatbelt โ otherwise I would've been badly hurt.
์ฐ์ฐ์ ํญ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ๋ค๋๊ธฐ์ ๋ง์ ์ด์ง ์ ๊ทธ๋ฌ์ผ๋ฉด ์ด ๋น๋ฅผ ๋ค ๋ง์ ๋ปํ๋ค.
It's a good thing I always carry an umbrella โ otherwise I would've gotten soaked in this rain.
-๊ธด์
not at all! (lightly denying, polite) (-๊ธด์)
Master
(informal polite) Used to lightly deny or push back on what the listener just said.
์ฑ์คํ๊ธด์. ์์ฆ ๊ฒฐ์๋ ์์ฃผ ํ๊ณ , ์์ ๋ ์ ํ๋๋ฐ์.
Diligent? Not at all โ she's been absent a lot lately, and she doesn't do her homework.
๋ชป ๋จน๊ธด์. ์ผ๋ง๋ ์ข์ํ๋๋ฐ์.
Can't eat it? Not at all โ I love it so much.
๋๋ค๊ธด์. ๊ทธ๋ฅ ์ ์๊ฐ์ ๋งํ์ ๋ฟ์ด์์.
Talked back? Not at all โ I just said what I thought.
-ใด/๋๋ค๋๊ตฐ
I heard that... (relaying newly-learned info, casual)
Master
(informal) Used to relay something the speaker just learned by hearing it, to the listener.
์์ง ์์ด๋ค์ ๋งค์ผ ์ธ์ด๋ค๋๊ตฐ.
I heard the kids next door fight every day.
์ง์๊ฐ ๋ฒ์จ ๊ฑท๋๋ค๋๊ตฐ.
I heard Jisu can already walk.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๊ฐ ๊ธ์ ์ ์จ์ ์์ ๋ฐ๋๋ค๋๊ตฐ.
I heard Minjun writes so well that he's getting an award.
-ใด/๋๋ค๋๊ตฐ์
I heard that... (relaying newly-learned info, polite)
Master
(informal polite) Used to relay something the speaker just learned by hearing it, to the listener.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ์ผ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋ฌ ๊ฐ๋ค๋๊ตฐ์.
I heard Minjun is going to watch a baseball game.
์ง์๋ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชป ๋จน๋๋ค๋๊ตฐ์.
I heard Jisu can't eat meat.
์น๊ท๋ ์ถ๊ทผํ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ฝ๋๋ค๋๊ตฐ์.
I heard Seunggyu reads the newspaper before going to work.
-ใด/๋๋ค๋๋ผ๊ณ
I heard/recall that... (relaying, casual)
Master
(informal) Used to relay something the speaker heard directly and is now recalling.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ์์ฆ ๋ค์ด์ดํธ๋ฅผ ํ๋ค๋๋ผ๊ณ .
I heard Minjun's been dieting lately.
์๊น ๋ด์ค์์ ๋ดค๋๋ฐ ๋ด์ผ ๋น๊ฐ ์จ๋ค๋๋ผ๊ณ .
I saw on the news earlier that it's going to rain tomorrow.
์์ฆ์๋ ์ํ์ฌํ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ฃผ๋์๋ ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ๋ค๋๋ผ๊ณ .
I heard a lot of school trips go to Jeju Island these days.
-ใด/๋๋ค๋
didn't you say...? (asking about something you already heard)
Master
(very informal) Used to ask about something the listener is expected to already know from having heard it before.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ ์๊ฐ์ ์ ์งํจ๋ค๋?
Didn't you say that person is always on time?
์น๊ท๋ ์ธ์ ๊ตฐ๋์ ๊ฐ๋ค๋?
When did you say Seunggyu is going into the military?
๋ฏผ์ค์ด์ ์ง์๋ ์ง๊ธ๋ ์ ์ฌ๊ท๋ค๋?
Didn't you say Minjun and Jisu are still dating?
-ใด/๋๋ค๋ ์ง
whether... or (listing options to choose one)
Master
Used to indicate choosing one out of two given facts or options.
๋ฐ์ง๋ฅผ ์ฐ๋ค๋ ์ง ์น๋ง๋ฅผ ์ฐ๋ค๋ ์ง ํ๋๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ์ธ์.
Decide whether you're buying pants or a skirt.
์ค๋ ์จ๋ค๋ ์ง ๋ด์ผ ์จ๋ค๋ ์ง ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํด ์ฃผ์ธ์.
Please tell me quickly whether you're coming today or tomorrow.
๋นํ๊ธฐ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ค๋ ์ง ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ค๋ ์ง ์ ํด์ผ ์์ฝ์ ํ์ง์.
We need to decide whether we're going by plane or by train to make a reservation.
-ใด/๋๋ค๋ฉฐ
didn't you say...? (pointing out a contradiction)
Master
Used to question the listener or someone else by pointing out that what they said before doesn't match the current situation.
์์นจ ์ผ์ฐ ๋์๊ด์ ๊ฐ๋ค๋ฉฐ ์์ง๋ ์ ๋๊ฐ๊ณ ๋ญ ํ๋?
Didn't you say you were going to the library early this morning? What are you doing still not out the door?
๋ด์ผ ์๋ฒฝ์ ์ผ์ด๋์ผ ํ๋ค๋ฉฐ ๋ฐค์ด ๋ฆ์๋๋ฐ ์ ์ ์?
Didn't you say you have to get up early tomorrow? It's late โ why aren't you asleep?
์ค๋ ์น๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋๋ค๋ฉฐ ์ ์ ๋๊ฐ๊ณ ์ง์ ์์ด?
Didn't you say you're meeting a friend today? Why are you still home?
-ใด/๋๋ค๋ฉด์
didn't you say...? (checking a claim against reality)
Master
Used to question the listener or someone else by pointing out that what they said before doesn't match the current situation.
๋์๊ด์ ๊ฐ๋ค๋ฉด์ ์์ง ๋ฐฉ์ ์๋?
Didn't you say you were going to the library? Are you still in your room?
์ผ์ฐ ์๋ค๋ฉด์ ์์ง๋ ๊ฒ์์ ํ๊ณ ์์ด?
Didn't you say you were going to sleep early? Are you still playing games?
์ค๊ฑฐ์งํ๋ค๋ฉด์ ์ธ์ ๊น์ง ํ
๋ ๋น์ ๋ง ๋ณด๊ณ ์์ ๊ฑฐ์์?
Didn't you say you were doing the dishes? How long are you going to just watch TV?
-ใด/๋๋ค์ง๋ง
they say... but (conceding, then contrasting)
Master
Used to say that although the speaker acknowledges or has heard the preceding content, the actual situation differs from it.
ํ์ฌ์ ๋ค๋๋ค์ง๋ง ์์ง ๋ฒ์ด๊ฐ ์ถฉ๋ถํ์ง ์์ ๋ชจ์์ด์ผ.
They say he has a job, but it seems like he's still not earning enough.
์น๊ท ํผ์ ๋ฐํ ์ค๋น๋ฅผ ํ๋ค์ง๋ง ์๋ฌด๋๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ด ๋์์ค์ผ ํ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์.
They say Seunggyu is preparing the presentation alone, but I think we should help him after all.
์ฐ์ฃผ๋ ๋จ์ ์น๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งค์ผ ๋ง๋๋ค์ง๋ง ์ ๊น์ฉ๋ฐ์ ๋ชป ๋ณด๋ ๋ด์.
They say Yeonju sees her boyfriend every day, but it seems she can only see him briefly.
-ใด/๋๋ค์ง์
isn't it true that...? (confirming known info)
Master
(informal polite) Used to ask a question confirming something the speaker already knows.
์น๊ท๋ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ถ์ฅ ๊ฐ๋ค์ง์?
Isn't it true that Seunggyu is going on a business trip to the US for a week?
๋ณ์ด๋ ์บ์ ๋ชจ์์ ์ฌํ์ฉ์ ํ๋ค์ง์?
Bottles and cans get collected for recycling, right?
์ง์ ์จ๋ ์์ด๋ค๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ์๊ณจ์ ๋ด๋ ค๊ฐ ์ฐ๋ค์ง์?
Isn't it true that Jisu moved to the countryside to live with her kids?
-ใด/๋๋ต๋๊น
what did they say...? (asking about a past report, very formal)
Master
(very formal) Used to ask the listener what they heard someone say in the past.
์น๊ท๋ ์ ์ง๋ธ๋ต๋๊น?
What did they say โ is Seunggyu doing well?
์์ ๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ๋ญ ํ๊ณ ์ฐ๋ต๋๊น?
What did they say Minjun's been up to lately?
์ ์ข์ ์นจ๋์์ ์๋ฉด ์ข์ ๊ฟ์ด๋ผ๋ ๊พผ๋ต๋๊น?
Did they say sleeping in a good bed gives you good dreams or something?
-ใด/๋๋๋
even if... (a hypothetical has no effect)
Master
Used to say that even assuming or presenting the preceding situation, it has no effect on what follows.
์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ค๋นํ๋๋ ์ฝ์ ์๊ฐ์ ๋ฆ์ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค.
Even if I get ready as fast as possible, I think I'll be late for the appointment.
๊ทธ๊ฐ ๋ง์์ ๋์ด์ผ ๋์์จ๋๋ ๋ค์ ์ฌ๊ท์ง ์๊ฒ ์ด.
Even if he changes his mind and comes back, I won't date him again.
ํ์ฐฝ ์์ ๋ก ๋์๊ฐ๋๋ ์ธ์์ด ๋ฌ๋ผ์ง ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ง ์์๋ค.
Even if I went back to my school days, I didn't think my life would be any different.
-ใด/๋๋์ผ
only if... (the preceding is the condition)
Master
Used to say that the preceding content is the condition for the following content.
๊ณต๋ถํ๋์ผ ์ปดํจํฐ๋ฅผ ์ฌ ์ฃผ์ง.
Only if you study will I buy you a computer.
๊ฐ์ด ์ฌํ ๊ฐ๋์ผ ๋นํ๊ธฐ ํ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์๋งคํ ํ
๋ฐ.
Only if we're going on the trip together would I book the plane tickets ahead of time.
๋ญ ์ฐ๋์ผ ๋์ ์ฃผ์ง. ๋ง์ ์ ํ๋ ์ ์๊ฐ ์๋.
I can only give you money if you tell me what you're buying โ how would I know if you don't say anything?
-ใด/๋๋์
they say... (relaying what someone said, polite)
Master
(informal polite) Used to indirectly relay what someone else said.
์ ์๊ฐ๊ฐ ์์ฆ ์ ์์ค์ ์ด๋์.
They say writer Jung is writing a new novel these days.
์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ด ์ด ์ท์ด ์ ํํ
์ ์ด์ธ๋ฆฐ๋์.
My friends say this outfit suits me well.
์ด๋ฒ ์ฃผ๋ง์ ๊ต์๋์ด๋ ํ์๋ค์ด ํจ๊ป ๋ต์ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋์.
They say the professor and students are going on a field trip together this weekend.
-ใด/๋๋จ
who says..., the (reported content modifying a noun, casual)
Master
(informal) Used to relay a fact or thought while modifying the following noun with it.
์ค๋ ์ผ๊ทผํ๋จ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋๊ตฌ์์?
Who's the person who said they're working overtime today?
์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ ์ฐ๋จ ์ฌ๋์ด ์๋ฌด๋ ์๋ค.
There's no one who says they'll buy this item.
์น๊ท ์จ๊ฐ ์ง์ ์จ์ ์ฌ๊ท๋จ ๋ง์ด ์์ด์.
There's word going around that Seunggyu is dating Jisu.
-ใด/๋๋ฌ
who's expected to... (hypothesizing someone's action/words, modifying a noun)
Master
Used to hypothesize about an action or statement someone is expected to make, modifying the following noun with it.
์ด๋ ๊ฒ ์ง์ ๋ถํ ๊ณณ์์ ์๋ฌ ์ฌ๋์ด ์๊ฒ ๋?
Is there anyone who'd sleep in a place this messy?
์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ผ๋ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ป ์๋ฌ ์๋ ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ.
Even an expert wouldn't be able to readily solve this problem.
๋ด์ผ์ด ๋๋์ด ๋ฒผ๋ฃฉ์์ฅ์ด ์ด๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ ์ด๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋ด๋์ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ ์ฐ๋ฌ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์์์ง ๋ฒ์จ๋ถํฐ ๊ฑฑ์ ์ด์ผ.
Tomorrow's finally the flea market day. I'm already worried whether anyone will buy what we put out.
-๋/๋๋๊ณ
asked whether... (relaying a question)
Master
Used to relay a question the speaker or someone else asked.
์์ฌ ์ ์๋์ด ๋ฐฐ์ ์ด๋ ๋ถ๋ถ์ด ์ํ ๋๊ณ ๋ฌผ์ผ์
จ๋ค.
The doctor asked which part of my stomach hurt.
์ง์๊ฐ ๋ค๊ฐ ์ ๋
์ ๋จน์๋๋๊ณ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด๋๋ผ.
Jisu asked whether you'd eaten dinner.
์น๊ตฌ๋ ๋์๊ฒ ์ ํ๋ฅผ ํด์ ์ง์์ ๋ฌด์์ ํ๋๋๊ณ ๋ฌผ์๋ค.
My friend called and asked what I was doing at home.
-๋/๋๋๋๋ฐ๋
even though (someone) asked... (a question was ignored)
Master
Used to relay a question that was asked, then say that what follows contradicts the expected response.
๋ด๊ฐ ์ด๋๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋๋๋ฐ๋ ์น๊ท๋ ๋๋ต๋ ์๋๋ค.
Even though I asked where he was going, Seunggyu doesn't even answer.
์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์์๋๋๋๋ฐ๋ ์ ๋๋ต์ด ์์ด!
I asked how you found out โ why aren't you answering?!
๋ด๊ฐ ์น๊ทํํ
์ง๊ธ ๋๊ตฌ๋ ๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน๋๋๋๋ฐ๋ ๋ง์ ์ ํด.
Even though I asked Seunggyu who he's eating with right now, he won't say.
-๋/๋๋๋๋ฐ์
they asked whether... (relaying a question, polite)
Master
(informal polite) Used to indirectly express what one wants to say by relaying a question that was heard.
๊ต์๋์ด ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ ์
์์ด๋๋๋ฐ์.
The professor asked if I was a freshman.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์์ธ ์ง๊ฐ์ด ์ผ๋ง๋ ๋น์ธ๋๋๋ฐ์.
My friend asked how expensive housing in Seoul is.
์ง์๊ฐ ๋ฐฉํ์ ์ด๋ ๊ฐ์๋๋๋๋ฐ์.
Jisu asked where I went during vacation.
-๋/๋๋๋๊น๋
I said, ...? (repeating an unanswered question, blunt)
Master
(very informal) Used when the listener doesn't answer a question, to emphasize the speaker asking it again.
์ด๋๊ฐ ์ํ๋๋๊น๋?
I said, where does it hurt?
๋ญ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์๊ธฐ๋๋๊น๋?
I said, what's so funny?
์ง์์ผ, ์ด๋์ ๊ฐ๋๋๋๊น๋?
Jisu, I said, where are you going?
-๋/๋๋๋๊น์
I'm asking again, ...? (pressing for an answer, polite)
Master
(informal polite) Used to ask again, pressing the listener, when they seemed to have no reaction or seemed doubtful about a previous question.
์ ๋ถ์ด ๋จํธ์ด๋๋๊น์?
I'm asking, is that person your husband?
์ด ์น๋ง์ ๋ฐ์ง ์ค์ ๋ญ๊ฐ ๋ ์์๋๋๊น์?
I'm asking, which is prettier, this skirt or these pants?
์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ๋๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋๋๋๊น์?
I'm asking, who are you looking for here?
-๋/๋๋๋๊น
I said, ...? (repeating an unanswered question, blunt dialect variant)
Master
(very informal) Used when the listener doesn't answer a question, to emphasize the speaker asking it again.
์ํ๋ฐฐ์ฐ ์ค์ ๋๊ฐ ์ ์ผ ์๋ป? ๋๊ฐ ์ ์ผ ์์๋๋๊น?
Which actress is prettiest? I said, which one is prettiest?
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋๊น ๊ธฐ๋ถ์ด ์ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์ฐ์ธํ๋๋๊น?
So I'm asking, why are you so down?
์ง์์ผ, ์ง๊น์ง ํผ์ ๊ฐ? ํผ์ ๊ฐ๋๋๋๊น?
Jisu, are you going home alone? I said, are you going alone?
-๋/๋๋๋์
did you just ask if...?! (surprised at the question, polite)
Master
(informal polite) Used to react with surprise, or to counter, upon hearing an unexpected question.
์ง๊ธ ์ง์ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋๋์?
Did you just ask if I'm going home now?!
์ ๋ต์ด ์๋ชป๋ ๊ฒ ์๋๋๋์?
Are you asking if the answer might be wrong?!
๋ฒ์จ ์๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์์ฑํ๋๋๋์?
Are you asking if I've already finished the manuscript?!
-๋/๋๋๋๊ตฐ
they asked whether... (relaying a question just heard, casual)
Master
(informal) Used to relay a question the speaker just learned about, to the listener.
์ง์๊ฐ ๋ ํน์ ๊ฒฝ์๋ ์ถ์ ์ด ์๋๋๋๊ตฐ.
Jisu asked if you might be from Gyeongsang-do.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋ด๊ฒ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ์ฌ๊ฐ ์์ธ์์ ๋ง์ด ๋จธ๋๋๊ตฐ.
My friend asked me if our company is far from Seoul.
์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๊ทธ ๋ฎค์ง์ปฌ์ด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋๋๋๊ตฐ.
People asked whether that musical was fun.
-๋/๋๋๋๊ตฐ์
they asked whether... (relaying a question just heard, polite)
Master
(informal polite) Used to relay a question the speaker just learned about, to the listener.
์ ์๋๊ป์ ์ค๋ ํ์ ์ด ์ ์ข๋ค๊ณ ์ด๋ ๋ถํธํ๋๋๊ตฐ์.
The teacher said I looked unwell and asked if something was bothering me.
์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ด ์ด๋ ํ์ฌ์ ์ทจ์งํ๋๋๊ตฐ์.
My friends asked which company I got a job at.
์ฐ๊ทน์ด ๋ญ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋๋๋๊ตฐ์.
They asked what was so fun about the play.
-๋/๋๋๋๋
asked... and then (linking a past question to what followed)
Master
Used to mention a previously-asked question, then continue with a related situation.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์์ ์ ๋ฐ์๋๋๋ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์ผ๋ฉด ๊ฐ์ด ์ฌํ์ด๋ ๊ฐ์๊ณ ํ๋ค.
My friend asked if I was busy in September, then said if I was free we should travel together.
๋ํํ
์ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์ํ๋๋๋ ์น๊ท ์ญ์ ๋ ๊ณจ๊ณจ๊ฑฐ๋ ธ๋ค.
He asked why I was so sick, but Seunggyu himself was always sickly too.
์กฐ์นด๊ฐ ์ง์ ๋จน์ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋๋๋ ๋์ฅ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ณ ๋ค์ง๊ธฐ ์์ํ๋ค.
My nephew asked if there was nothing to eat at home, then started rummaging through the fridge.
-๋/๋๋๋๋ผ๊ณ
they asked... (recalling a question you heard directly)
Master
(informal) Used to recall and relay a question the speaker heard directly.
๋จํธ์ด ๋๋ณด๊ณ ์์์ธ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒ๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋๋๋ผ๊ณ .
My husband asked if I really didn't know that basic fact.
์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ด ๋ด๊ฐ ๋ง๋ ์ฟ ํค๊ฐ ๋ง์๋ค๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ง๋ค์๋๋๋ผ๊ณ .
My friends said the cookies I made were tasty and asked how I made them.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ ํ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์๋ง์ ์ ์ ํํ๋๋๋๋ผ๊ณ .
The moment he answered the phone, he asked why I'd called.
-๋/๋๋๋๋ฐ์
they asked, if I recall... (relaying a past question, polite)
Master
(informal polite) Used to indirectly convey a previously-heard question, with a lingering, recollective tone.
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๊ฐ ์์ฆ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์ด ๋ง์ด ๋ฐ์๋๋๋ฐ์.
Yumin asked whether our work has been really busy lately.
๊ทธ๋ถ์ด ์ ํค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋๋ ๋ถ๋ชจ๋๊ป์ ํค๊ฐ ํฌ์๋๋๋ฐ์.
They looked at my height and asked if my parents were tall.
์งํ์๊ฐ ์๊น ์ด์ชฝ์ ์์ ๊ณต์ฐ ์์๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๋๋๋๋ฐ์.
The host came by earlier and asked if the performance order had been decided.
-๋/๋๋๋ฐ
asked whether... (relaying a question, very informal)
Master
(very informal) Used to relay to the listener a question someone else asked.
์ด์ ๋ ๋ํ์ ์๋๋๋ฐ.
They asked if you're not a college student now.
๊ทธ ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ ๋ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์๋งํ๋๋ฐ.
That senior asked if your personality is easygoing.
์ค๋ ๋ชจ์์ ๋ถ๋ชจ๋๊ป์๋ ์ค์๋๋๋ฐ.
They asked whether your parents are also coming to today's gathering.
-๋/๋๋๋
did they ask whether...? (confirming a relayed question, very informal)
Master
(very informal) Used to confirm with the listener a question someone else asked.
์ง์๊ฐ ๋์๊ฒ ํฉ๊ฒฉ ๊ธฐ์ค์ด ๋ช ์ ์ด๋๋?
Did Jisu ask you what score is needed to pass?
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ๋๋? ์์นจ ์ ๋จน์์ด?
Did your friend ask if you're hungry? Didn't you eat breakfast?
์๋ง๊ฐ ์์ฆ ๋ํํ
๋ฐฅ์ ์ ๋จน๋๋๋?
Did Mom ask you lately whether you're eating well?
-ใด/๋๋
they say... (relaying, casual contraction)
Master
(informal) A contracted, conversational form used to indirectly relay something someone else said.
์ค๋ ์ ๋
์ ๋ทํ๋ฅผ ๋จน๋๋.
I heard we're having a buffet tonight.
์ด๋ฒ ํ๊ธฐ ๋์ ๊ทธ ์ฑ
์ ๋ค ์ฝ๋๋.
I heard he's going to finish that book this semester.
๋๋ผ๋ง ๊ฒฐ๋ง์์ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ฃฝ๋๋.
I heard the main character ends up dying at the end of the drama.
-๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค
just do (at least this much) โ a resigned request (-๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค)
Master
Used when the speaker isn't fully satisfied, but hopes the listener will at least do the preceding action.
์ธ๋ฐ์๋ ์๋ฆฌ ํ์ง ๋ง๊ณ ๊ฐ์ ์๊ธฐ๋ ํด.
Stop talking nonsense and just go to sleep.
๋ด ๋ฐ๋ก ์์ง ๋ง๊ณ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ๋ผ์ค๊ธฐ๋ ํด.
Don't wander off, just hurry up and follow me.
์ด๋ฅธ๋ค ๋ง์ํ์๋๋ฐ ๋ผ์ด๋ค์ง ๋ง๊ณ ๋ ์กฐ์ฉํ ๋ฃ๊ธฐ๋ ํด.
Don't interrupt the adults talking, just listen quietly.
-๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ค๋ค
if it comes down to... (as the basis for a judgment) (-๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ค๋ค)
Master
Used to say that the preceding action or state is the basis for the following judgment or choice.
์ฑ์ง ๋ชป๋๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ค๋ฉด ์น๊ท๋งํผ ๋ชป๋ ์ ๋ ์์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ.
If it comes down to bad temper, there's no one worse than Seunggyu.
๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ข๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ค์๋ฉด ์ง์๊ฐ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ๊ต์์ ์ ์ผ ๋๋ํ์ง.
If it comes down to intelligence, Jisu is the smartest in our school.
๊ทธ๊ฐ ๋จน๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ค๋ฉด ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์๋ ์์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ๋ ๋ชจ์๋ผ.
If he really gets going eating, the food here won't be enough.
-(์ผ)ใน๋ฝ ๋ง๋ฝ ํ๋ค
to almost (do something), on the verge of (-(์ผ)ใน๋ฝ ๋ง๋ฝ ํ๋ค)
Master
Used to say that something is almost happening, or close to that degree.
๋ฆ๊ฐ์์ด๋ผ ๋ง๋ฅธ ๋๋ญ์์ด ๋จ์ด์ง๋ฝ ๋ง๋ฝ ํ๋ค.
Since it's late autumn, the dry leaves are on the verge of falling.
๋น๊ฐ ๊ทธ์น๊ณ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ ์ฌ์ด๋ก ํด๊ฐ ๋์ฌ๋ฝ ๋ง๋ฝ ํ๋ค.
The rain has stopped and the sun is just about to peek out between the clouds.
์ ์ด ๊ฒจ์ฐ ๋ค๋ฝ ๋ง๋ฝ ํ๋๋ฐ ์ ํ๋ฒจ์ด ์ธ๋ ค์ ๊นผ๋ค.
I had just barely started to fall asleep when the phone rang and woke me up.
-์๊ณ
suggested that we... (relaying a proposal)
Master
Used to indirectly relay a suggestion or proposal.
๋๋ ์ง์์๊ฒ ๋ด์ผ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฌ ๊ฐ์๊ณ ํ๋ค๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ ๋นํ๋ค.
I suggested to Jisu that we go see a movie tomorrow, but got turned down.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฒซ๋์ด ๋ด๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ ํ๊ต ์์์ ๋ง๋์๊ณ ์ฝ์ํ๋ค.
We promised to meet in front of the school on the day of the first snow.
๋๋ ๊น ์จ์๊ฒ ํ๋ฒ ์์ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ด ํ์๊ณ ์ ์ํ๋ค.
I suggested to Mr. Kim that we have a meal together sometime.
-์๊ณ ๋ค๋ค
to really push to (do something) (-์๊ณ ๋ค๋ค)
Master
Used to say that the preceding action is being actively pushed for.
๋ง์๋จน๊ณ ์นญ์ฐฌํ์๊ณ ๋ค๋ฉด ์ธ์์ ์นญ์ฐฌํ์ง ๋ชปํ ์ฌ๋์ด ์๋ค.
If you really set your mind to praising people, there's no one in the world you couldn't praise.
๋์ ๋
์์ ๋ด๊ฐ ๋์ด๊ฐ๋ ค๊ณ ํ๋ฉด ๋ ์ธ์ฐ์๊ณ ๋ ๋ค.
Whenever I try to let it go, my younger sibling just pushes to fight more.
๋ง์ด์ผ ์ฝ์ง๋ง ๋ง์ ํ์๊ณ ๋ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ ค์ด ์ผํฌ์ฑ์ด์ผ.
It's easy to say, but once you actually push to do it, it's full of difficulties.
-์๋๋ฐ์ผ
since (they're) proposing..., there's no choice but to (-์๋๋ฐ์ผ)
Master
Used to relay a proposal, then say that given such a condition, there's nothing to be done but comply.
๋ค๋ค ์ผ์์ ๋จน์๋๋ฐ์ผ ๋ด๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋์ ์๊ฒฌ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ์ผ์ง.
Since everyone's proposing Japanese food, I guess I have to go along with the group.
๋ชจ๋๋ค ๊ทธ ์ผ์ ํจ๊ป ํ์๋๋ฐ์ผ ํจ๊ป ํ ์๋ฐ์ ์์ง ์๊ฒ ์ด?
Since everyone's proposing we do it together, isn't there no choice but to join in?
๋ธ์์ด๊ฐ ์์ผ์ด๋๊น ๋์ด๊ณต์์ ๊ฐ์๋๋ฐ์ผ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ค์ผ์ง.
Since it's my daughter's birthday and she's proposing we go to the amusement park, I have to take her.
-์๋๊น๋
I said, let's...! (repeating an insistent suggestion, blunt)
Master
(informal) Used to emphasize repeatedly urging someone to do something together.
์ง์ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์๋๊น๋!
I said, let's just go home already!
์ ๋
์ ๋ฐ์์ ๋จน์๋๊น๋!
I said, let's eat dinner out!
์ด๋ฐ ์ฌํ ์ํ ๋ง๊ณ ์ฝ๋ฏธ๋ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๋๊น๋!
I said, let's watch a comedy instead of this sad movie!
-์๋๊น์
I'm saying, let's...! (repeating a suggestion, polite)
Master
(informal polite) Used to repeatedly urge someone to do something together.
๋ด์ผ๋ถํฐ๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ด ์ด๋ํ์๋๊น์.
I'm saying, let's start exercising together from tomorrow.
์ฌ๋ณด, ์ถ์ด๋ฐ ์ง์ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ์๋๊น์.
Honey, I'm saying it's cold, let's just hurry home.
์๋น , ์ผ์์ผ์ ๋์ด๊ณต์์ ๊ฐ์๋๊น์.
Dad, I'm saying let's go to the amusement park on Sunday.
-์๋๊น
I said, let's...! (repeating a suggestion, blunt dialect variant)
Master
(informal) Used to emphasize repeatedly urging someone to do something together.
๋์ฒญ์ํ๋๊น ๊ฐ์ด ์ข ์น์ฐ์๋๊น.
It's a big cleanup, so I said let's clean together.
๋๋ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ๋๊น ์ข ๋๋ ๋จน์๋๊น.
I'm hungry too, so I said let's share.
์ค๋์ ํผ๊ณคํ๋ ๋ค์์ ๋ค์ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์๋๊น.
I'm tired today, so I said let's talk about it again next time.
-์๋๊ตฐ
they suggested that... (relaying a proposal just heard, casual)
Master
(informal) Used to relay a suggestion or proposal the speaker just learned about.
์ฌ๋ณด, ์์ด๋ค์ด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ฌ ๊ฐ์ด ์ด์๋๊ตฐ.
Honey, the kids suggested we all live together.
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๊ฐ ์ด์ ๊ฐ๋ดํ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ด ๋ณด์๋๊ตฐ.
Yumin suggested we watch the movie that opened yesterday.
์ง์๊ฐ ๋ค์ ๋ฌ์ ์ด๋ฆฌ๋ ์ถ์ ์ ํจ๊ป ์ฐธ๊ฐํ์๋๊ตฐ.
Jisu suggested we join the festival being held next month together.
-์๋๊ตฐ์
they suggested that... (relaying a proposal just heard, polite)
Master
(informal polite) Used to relay a suggestion or proposal the speaker just learned about.
์ค๋ ๋ณต๋ ์ด๋ ์ผ๊ณํ์ ๋จน์๋๊ตฐ์.
Since it's a boknal day, they suggested we eat samgyetang.
๋จผ ๊ณณ์ด๋ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ถ๋ฐํ์๋๊ตฐ์.
Since it's far away, they suggested we leave quickly.
์ฌ๋์ด ๋ง์ด ์ฌ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ ์์์ ๋๋ํ ๋ง๋ค์๋๊ตฐ์.
Since a lot of people seem to be coming, they suggested we make plenty of food.
-์๋๋ผ
they suggested that... (relaying, very informal)
Master
(very informal) Used to tell or relay to the listener a suggestion or proposal someone else made.
๊น ๋ถ์ฅ์ด ์ ๋
์ ๋จ์ฒด ํ์์ ํ์๋๋ผ.
Manager Kim suggested we have a group dinner tonight.
์ด๋ฒ ๋ฌ์ ์ผ์ด ์ข ๋ง์ผ๋ ์ฌํ์ ๋ค์ ๋ฌ์ฏค์ ๊ฐ์๋๋ผ.
Since there's a lot of work this month, they suggested we go on the trip around next month.
์ค๋๋ง์ ๋๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน์๋๋ผ.
They suggested we go out and eat for the first time in a while.
-์๋๋ผ๊ณ
they suggested... (recalling a proposal you heard directly)
Master
(informal) Used to recall and relay a suggestion or proposal the speaker heard directly.
์ค๋น ๊ฐ ๋ค์์๋ ๋๋ ๊ฐ์ด ๋ง๋์๋๋ผ๊ณ .
My brother said next time we should meet up with you too.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ๋ค์์ ๋ง๋์ ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ ํ์ ํ์๋๋ผ๊ณ .
Minjun suggested we meet up sometime and grab a beer.
์ ์ฌ์ ๋ญ ๋จน์ ๊ฑฐ๋๊ณ ๋ฌผ์ผ๋๊น ์น๊ท๊ฐ ํผ์๋ฅผ ๋จน์๋๋ผ๊ณ .
When I asked what we should eat for lunch, Seunggyu suggested pizza.
-์๋
didn't they suggest...? (asking about a known proposal)
Master
(very informal) Used to ask about a suggestion or proposal the listener is expected to already know about.
๊ทธ ์ ๊ฐ ๋๋ค์ด๋ ์ด๋๋ก ๊ฐ์๋?
Where did that kid suggest we go on the outing?
์ด๋ฒ ์ฃผ๋ง์๋ ๋ฌด์จ ๊ณต์ฐ์ ๋ณด์๋?
What show did they suggest watching this weekend?
๋จผ์ ๊ฐ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ด๋์์ ๋ง๋์๋?
Where did the people who left first suggest meeting?
-์๋๊ฐ
did they suggest...? (asking about a proposal received)
Master
(informal) Used to ask about a suggestion or proposal the listener received.
์ฃผ๋ง์ ์์๋ด์ฌ๋ฅผ ํ๋ฌ ์ด๋์ ๊ฐ์๋๊ฐ?
Did they suggest where to go volunteer this weekend?
์ฌ๋ฆ ํด๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ณด๋ด์๋๊ฐ?
Did they suggest how to spend the summer vacation?
ํ์ํ ์ด๋ฆผ์ ์ด๋์์ ์ฌ์๋๊ฐ?
Did they suggest where to buy the household items you need?
-์๋๋ฐ
they suggested..., so (linking a proposal to what follows)
Master
Used to mention a suggestion or proposal received from someone else, then continue with a related remark.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ๋ด์ผ ์ํ ๋ณด๋ฌ ๊ฐ์๋๋ฐ ๋๋ ๊ฐ๋?
Seunggyu suggested going to see a movie tomorrow โ do you want to come too?
์ด๋ฒ ์ฃผ๋ง์ ๋ฏผ์ค์ด๊ฐ ๋ณด์๋๋ฐ ๋๋ ์๊ฐ์ด ๋๋?
Minjun suggested meeting up this weekend โ do you have time?
๋ด์ผ๋ถํฐ ์ ๋ฏผ์ด๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ด ๊ณต๋ถํ์๋๋ฐ ๋๋ ์ ๋ฏผ์ด๋ ๋์๊ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ซ๋ค.
Yumin suggested studying together from tomorrow, but I don't want to go to the library with her.
-์๋๋ฐ์
they suggested..., you know (relaying a proposal, polite)
Master
(informal polite) Used to indirectly express what one wants to say by relaying a suggestion or proposal received from someone else.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ์ฃผ๋ง์ ์ํ ๋ณด๋ฌ ๊ฐ์๋๋ฐ์.
Seunggyu suggested going to see a movie this weekend, you know.
๋์์ด ์ค๋ ์ ๋
์ ๋ฐ์์ ๋จน์๋๋ฐ์.
My sibling suggested eating out tonight.
์ฌํด๋ ์ก๋
ํ๋ฅผ ํ๊ต์์ ํ์๋๋ฐ์.
They suggested holding this year's year-end party at school.
-์๋ฐ
they suggested..., I heard (relaying a past proposal, very informal)
Master
(very informal) Used to relay to the listener a suggestion or proposal heard in the past.
์ง์๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ด ์๊ฟ๋์ด ํ์๋ฐ.
Jisu suggested we play house together.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ์ด๋ ์์ ๊ฐ์ด ์ ์ฌ ๋จน์๋ฐ.
Seunggyu suggested we eat lunch together at twelve.
๋ฐ์ฅ์ด ํ ๋ช
๋ ๋น ์ง์์ด ์ด๋์ฅ์์ ๋ชจ์ด์๋ฐ.
The class president suggested everyone gather at the playground without exception.
-์๋ ์ง
whether we... or (listing proposal options to choose one)
Master
Used to indicate choosing one out of two given suggestions or proposals.
์ฐ์ต์ ๋ ํ์๋ ์ง ์ค๋์ ๊ทธ๋งํ์๋ ์ง ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด์ผ์ง.
We need to decide whether to practice more or stop for today.
์ํ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๋ ์ง ๊ณต์ฐ์ ๋ณด์๋ ์ง ๋ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ถ์ ๊ฒ์ ์๋ ค ์ค.
Tell me which you'd rather see โ a movie or a show.
ํด๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์๋ ์ง ๋ฐ๋ค๋ก ๊ฐ์๋ ์ง ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋งํด ๋ด.
Tell me whether you want to go to the mountains or the beach for vacation.
-์๋ฉฐ
didn't you suggest...? (pointing out a contradiction)
Master
Used to question someone by pointing out that a suggestion or proposal they made before doesn't match the current situation.
๋ค์๋ ๋ณด์ง ๋ง์๋ฉฐ ์ ์ฐพ์์์ด?
You said we should never see each other again โ why did you come find me?
๋ฆ์ง ๋ง๊ณ ์ ์๊ฐ์ ๋ชจ์ด์๋ฉฐ ๋๋ ์ ๋ฆ๋?
You suggested we all gather on time without being late โ why are you late?
์ค๋ ๊ฐ์ด ๋์๊ด์ ๊ณต๋ถํ๋ฌ ๊ฐ์๋ฉฐ ์ ์ฐ๋ฝ์ด ์์ด?
You suggested we go study at the library together today โ why haven't you contacted me?
-์๋ฉด์
didn't you suggest...? (checking a proposal against reality)
Master
Used to question someone by pointing out that a suggestion or proposal they made before doesn't match the current situation.
์ฃผ๋ง์ ๋ง๋์๋ฉด์ ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ฒ์ ํ๋?
You suggested meeting this weekend โ why are you pretending to be busy?
๋๋ ๋๋ณด๊ณ ์นํ๊ฒ ์ง๋ด์๋ฉด์ ์ ์ธ์ฌ๋ ์ ํ๋?
You suggested we get close โ why don't you even say hello?
๋น์ ์ ๋๋ณด๊ณ ์์นจ ์ผ์ฐ ๊ฐ์๋ฉด์ ์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฆ์ ์ ์๋ฉด ์ด๋กํด?
You told me to leave early in the morning โ how can you sleep in yourself?
-๋/๋๋
asking whether..., the (embedded question modifying a noun)
Master
Used to quote a question while modifying the following noun with it.
์๋ด์ ์ธ์ ๊น์ง ๊ทธ๋ฌ๊ณ ์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ ๋ง์ด ๊ทธ์๊ฒ๋ ๊พธ์ง์์ผ๋ก ๋ค๋ ธ๋ค.
His wife's words asking how long he'd keep doing that sounded like scolding to him.
์น๊ท๋ ์๊น ๊ฐ์ด ์๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋๊ตฌ๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ป ๋๋ตํ์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค.
Seunggyu couldn't readily answer our question asking who the person with him earlier was.
๊ต์ ์๋ ์ธ์ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ถ์ ๋๋ ๋ฏ์ด ๋ฒ๊ฝ์ด ๋ง๋ฐํ๋ค.
Cherry blossoms bloomed in full on campus, as if asking when it had ever been so cold.
-๋/๋๋๋ค
asked whether... (relaying a question, very informal)
Master
(very informal) Used to relay to the listener a question the speaker heard from someone else.
์๊ฐ ๊ณ์ ๋๊ตฌ ๋ต์ด ๋ง์๋๋ค.
This kid keeps asking whose answer was right.
์ด ์ฌ๋์ด ๋๋์ฒด ์ด๊ฒ ๋ญ๋๋ค.
This person keeps asking what on earth this is.
๊น ํ์ฌ๊ฐ ์๋ค ์ง๋ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์ ํด๊ฒฐ์ด ๋๋๋๋ค.
Detective Kim is asking whether your last case got resolved well.
-๋/๋๋ฌ
asked whether... (relaying a question, casual contraction)
Master
(informal) A contracted, conversational form used to indirectly relay a question someone else asked.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋๋๋ฌ ํ์ฌ์์ด๋ฌ.
That person asked me if I'm an office worker.
๋จํธ์ด ์ง์ณ์ ํด๊ทผํ ๋ด ๋ชจ์ต์ ๋ณด๋๋ ๋งค์ผ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๋ฐ์๋ฌ.
My husband saw how exhausted I looked coming home from work and asked if I'm that busy every day.
์ด๋ฅธ๋ค๊ป์ ์๊ฒฌ๋ก ์ฅ์๋ ์ด๋๋ก ์ ํ๋๋ฌ.
The parents are asking where we've decided to hold the meet-the-family gathering.
-๋/๋๋ฌ์
asked whether..., so (relaying a question, then continuing)
Master
Used to relay a question heard from someone else, then add on more content.
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๊ฐ ์์ ๋ ๋ค ํ๋ฌ์ ์์ง ๋ชป ํ๋ค๊ณ ํ์ด์.
Yumin asked if I'd finished my homework, so I said I hadn't yet.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ฌํ ๊ฐ์ ์ฌ์ง์ ๋ง์ด ์ฐ์๋ฌ์ ๊ทธ๋ ๋ค๊ณ ํ๋๋ ๋ณด์ฌ ๋ฌ๋ผ๋๋ผ๊ณ .
My friend asked if I'd taken a lot of photos on the trip, and when I said yes, they asked to see them.
๋์์ด ๊ทธ ๊ณต์ฐ์ ์ด๋ ๋๋ฌ์ ๊ต์ฅํ๋ค๊ณ ๋งํด ์คฌ์ง.
My sibling asked how the show was, so I told them it was amazing.
-๋/๋๋ฌ์
they're asking whether... (relaying a question, polite)
Master
(informal polite) Used to indirectly relay a question someone else asked.
์ด์ชฝ์ ์ ๋์์ธ๋ฐ ๋ณด๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค๋ง๋ค ์น๊ตฌ๋ฌ์.
This is my younger sibling, but everyone who sees us asks if we're friends.
์์ด๊ฐ ์๋ก ์ฐ ๋ก๋ด ์ฅ๋๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด์ ๋ฉ์ง๋ฌ์.
The child says it's their newly bought robot toy and everyone asks if it's cool.
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๊ฐ ๋ณ์์ ๊ฐ์ ์ฃผ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง์๋๋ฌ์.
They're asking whether Yumin went to the hospital and got a shot.
-(์ผ)ใน๊น๋ง
might be..., but it doesn't matter (conceding a guess, then dismissing it) (-(์ผ)ใน๊น๋ง)
Master
Used to acknowledge a preceding guess or doubt, while saying it has no effect on what follows.
์ด๋ค ๊ฝ์ด ์ ์์ ๊น๋ง ๊ทธ ๊ฝ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฝ๊ณผ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ด ์์๋ค.
Sure, what flower isn't pretty, but that flower had a charm different from other flowers.
๊ทธ์ ๋์์ด ๋ฌด์จ ์์ฉ์ผ๊น๋ง ๊ทธ๋๋ ๋ฐ ์จ๋ ์ฝ๊ฐ์ ํฌ๋ง์ ํ์ง ์์ ์ ์์๋ค.
His help might not amount to much, but Mr. Park still couldn't help holding a bit of hope.
๋๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ ๋ง์๋ ์์์ ์ข์ํ ๊น๋ง ๊ฐ๋ํ ์น๊ท๋ ๋ง์ด ์์ด๋ ์ผ ๋ฐฅ์ ์ฌ ๋จน์๋ค.
Who would like bad-tasting food, but poor Seunggyu bought cheap meals even if they weren't tasty.
-(์ผ)ใน ๊ฒ
do..., must... (a written command/instruction) (-(์ผ)ใน ๊ฒ)
Master
Used to end a sentence with the meaning of an order or instruction, typically in written notices or rules.
์ฐ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํจ๋ถ๋ก ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ์ง ๋ง ๊ฒ.
Do not litter carelessly.
ํ์๋ค์ ์ด๋์ฅ์ ๋ชจ์ผ ๊ฒ.
Students must gather at the playground.
์์์ ์ ์ฝํ ๊ฒ.
Conserve resources.
-(์ผ)ใน๋๋ค
I'll just... (declaring one's own intention, very casual) (-(์ผ)ใน๋๋ค)
Master
Used, in a very casual tone, to reveal the speaker's own thoughts or will to do something.
๋๋ ๊ฐ์ ๊ณต๋ถ๋ ํ ๋๋ค.
I think I'll just go study.
๋ ์๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์ฑ
์ข ๋ณผ๋๋ค.
I'm going to read a bit before bed.
์ด ๊ณผ์๋ ๋ง์ ์ ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ค๋๋ค.
I'll just give these snacks to whoever listens well.
-(์ผ)ใน๋๋๋ค
I will... (formally announcing one's intention) (-(์ผ)ใน๋๋๋ค)
Master
Used to formally let the listener know what the speaker intends to do.
์๊ฐ์ด ๋๋ฌด ๋ฆ์ด์ ์ ๋ ์ด์ ๊ทธ๋ง ๊ฐ๋๋๋ค.
It's gotten too late, so I'll be heading out now.
๋จผ์ ๊ฐ์์ฃ . ์ ํฌ๋ ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ๊ณ์ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆด๋๋๋ค.
Please go ahead. We'll just keep waiting here.
๋ด์ผ ์์นจ ์ผ์ฐ ๋์์ผ ํด์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋จผ์ ์๋๋๋ค.
We need to leave early tomorrow morning, so we'll go to bed first.
-์/์ด ๋ฒ๋ฆํ๋ค
to be in the habit of... (-์/์ด ๋ฒ๋ฆํ๋ค)
Master
Used to say that the preceding action is habitually repeated.
์๋ณ์ ์ค๋ ์ฐธ์ ๋ฒ๋ฆํ๋ฉด ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์ข์ง ์๋ค.
Making a habit of holding in urine for a long time isn't good for your health.
์ด๋ ธ์ ๋๋ถํฐ ์ฑ
์ ๋ด ๋ฒ๋ฆํ๋ฉด ๋
์๊ฐ ์ต๊ด์ด ๋๋ค.
If you make a habit of reading books from a young age, reading becomes a habit.
์น๊ท๋ ํญ์ ๋ฆ๊ฒ ์ ๋ฒ๋ฆํด์ ์์นจ์ ์ผ์ฐ ์ผ์ด๋๋ ๊ฒ ํ๋ค๋ค.
Seunggyu is always in the habit of going to bed late, so it's hard for him to get up early.
-์/์ด ๋น ์ง๋ค
to be excessively/thoroughly... (a disapproving intensifier) (-์/์ด ๋น ์ง๋ค)
Master
Used to say that the degree of the preceding state is so severe that it is unsatisfactory, in a disapproving tone.
์น๊ท๋ ๋ฌ์ ๋น ์ง ์ด์ฝ๋ฆฟ์ด๋ ์ผ์ดํฌ๋ง ์ข์ํ๋ค.
Seunggyu only likes chocolate or cake that's overly sweet.
๋ฐค์ ์ฌ ์๋๋ฐ ์๋งน์ด๊ฐ ์์ ๋น ์ง ๋ฐ๋ค ๋ฒ๋ ๊น์ง ๋จน์ด ๋จน์ ๊ฒ ์์๋ค.
I bought chestnuts, but the kernels were so tiny and even bug-eaten that there was nothing to eat.
๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๋ก์ ๋น ์ง ๊ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ค๊ณ ๋ค๋์ง ๋ง๊ณ ํ๋ ์๋ก ์ฌ๋ผ.
Stop carrying around that worn-out bag and buy a new one.
-(์ด)๋ก๊ตฌ๋จผ์
oh, it's (a noun)...! (exclaiming, after a noun) (-(์ด)๋ก๊ตฌ๋จผ์)
Master
Used after a noun, in a casual polite tone, to exclaim over or draw attention to a newly learned fact.
๊ทธ ๋ง์ด ์ฌ์ค์ด ์๋๋ก๊ตฌ๋จผ์.
Oh, so that statement isn't true after all.
์ ์์ ๊ผฌ๋ง ์๊ฐ์จ๊ฐ ์ ์๋์ ๋ฐ๋์ด๋ก๊ตฌ๋จผ์.
Oh, so that pretty little girl is your daughter.
๋ค๋ค ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์์์ด ๋ง์๋ค๊ณ ์นญ์ฐฌ์ด ์์ํ๋๋ ์ง์ ๋จน์ด ๋ณด๋ ์ฌ์ค์ด๋ก๊ตฌ๋จผ์.
Everyone kept praising how delicious the food here is, and now that I've tried it myself, it's true.
-๋๋๋๋
asking this and that, one question after another (nagging) (-๋๋๋๋)
Master
Used to list several different questions being asked, often in a nagging or complaining tone.
์๋ด๋ ์ ์ ์ ๋ง์
จ๋๋๋๋ ์ผ๋ง๋ ๋ง์
จ๋๋๋๋ ํ๋ ์์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋์ด๋์๋ค.
My wife went on nagging me, asking why I drank and how much I drank.
์ค๋๋ง์ ๊ตํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋๋ ์ ์ ๋์๋๋๋๋ ๋ฌด์จ ์ผ์ด ์์๋๋๋๋ ์ง๋ฌธ๋ค์ด ๋ง์๋ค.
When I went to church after a long time, there were lots of questions like why I hadn't come and what had happened.
์๋ง๋ ์ค๋๋ ์ ๋งค์ผ ๋ฆ๋๋๋๋ ๋ฌด์จ ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๋๋๋๋ ๊พธ์ค์ ํ์
จ๋ค.
Today too, Mom scolded me, asking why I'm always late and what I'm thinking.
-์ผ๋๊ฑฐ๋
if asked whether... (a question as a condition, batchim stem) (-์ผ๋๊ฑฐ๋ )
Master
Used to say that someone else's question or doubt is the condition or basis for the following content, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์ง์๊ฐ ์ข์ผ๋๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ทธ๋ ๋ค๊ณ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํด ์ฃผ๋ฉด ๋ผ.
If they ask whether you like Jisu that much, just tell them yes.
์๋ก ์ฐ ์๋์ฐจ๊ฐ ์ข์ผ๋๊ฑฐ๋ ๋์ด์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๋ช
์ด ํ ์ ์๋ค๊ณ ๋งํด ์ฃผ์ธ์.
If they ask whether the new car is cramped, please tell them it's spacious and many people can ride in it.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์๋ก ์ฎ๊ธด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง์ด ๋์ผ๋๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ทธ๋ ๋ค๊ณ ๋๋ ์ด๋ํ๋ค๊ณ ๋งํด ์ค.
If your friend asks whether our new place is spacious, tell them yes and that you're inviting them too.
-์ผ๋๊ณ
asking whether... (relaying a question, batchim stem) (-์ผ๋๊ณ )
Master
Used to relay a question that the speaker or someone else asked, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
์์๊ฐ ์ด์ ์กฐํดํ ๊ฒ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ชธ์ด ์ข์ง ์์ผ๋๊ณ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ดค์ด.
Seeing that Yeongsu left early yesterday, I asked if he wasn't feeling well.
์น๊ท์๊ฒ ์ด์ ๊ฐ๋ ์๋น์ ์์์ด ๊ด์ฐฎ์ผ๋๊ณ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ดค๋๋ ๋ง์์๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ค.
I asked Seunggyu if the food at the restaurant he went to yesterday was good, and he said it was delicious.
๋์์ด ์ผ์ด ์๋ ๊ณ๊ณก ์๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์ด๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์ผ๋๊ณ ํด์ ๊ฝ๊ฝ ์ผ์ด ๊ด์ฐฎ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ํ์ด.
My sibling asked whether it was okay to walk on the frozen valley, so I said it was frozen solid and would be fine.
-์ผ๋๊ณ ์
you're asking whether...? (re-asking, casual polite, batchim stem) (-์ผ๋๊ณ ์)
Master
Used, in a casual polite tone, to ask again about a question that was just asked, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
๊ฒฐํผํ๊ฒ ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ถ์ด ์ด๋ ์ธ์? ๊ธฐ๋ถ์ด์? ์ข์ผ๋๊ณ ์?
How do you feel about getting married? My feelings? You're asking if I'm happy?
๋ชธ์ด ์ํ ๋ ๊ฑด ์ข ๊ด์ฐฎ์์ง์
จ๋์? ์ง๊ธ์? ๋ชธ์ด ๊ด์ฐฎ์ผ๋๊ณ ์?
Has your illness gotten a bit better? Now? You're asking if I'm okay?
์ด ํธ์๋ ์ผ๋ง๋ ๊น์๊น์? ๊น์ด์? ์ผ๋ง๋ ๊น์ผ๋๊ณ ์?
I wonder how deep this lake is. Depth? You're asking how deep it is?
-์ผ๋๊ธฐ์
since (someone) asked whether... (a heard question as the reason, batchim stem) (-์ผ๋๊ธฐ์)
Master
Used to state a question heard from someone else as the reason or basis for what follows, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
๋์์ด ์ ์ฐ์ด ์ผ๋ง๋ ๋์ผ๋๊ธฐ์ ์ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค๊ณ ํ์ด.
Since my sibling asked how high that mountain was, I told them I wasn't sure.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์์์ฅ์ด ๋ง์ด ๊น์ผ๋๊ธฐ์ ์๋ค๊ณ ๋๋ตํ๋ค.
Since my friend asked whether the pool was very deep, I answered that it was shallow.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ์์์ ์์ด ์ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ์ ์ผ๋๊ธฐ์ ๋ด๊ฐ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ๊ฑธ ๋์ด ์คฌ์ด.
Since Seunggyu asked why the food portion was so small, I gave him some of what I ordered.
-์ผ๋๊ธธ๋
since (someone) asked whether..., casual (a heard question as the reason, batchim stem) (-์ผ๋๊ธธ๋)
Master
Used casually to state a question heard from someone else as the reason or basis for what follows, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋ชธ์ด ์ด์ ๊ด์ฐฎ์ผ๋๊ธธ๋ ์ฃผ๋ง์ ํน ์ฌ์ด์ ๊ด์ฐฎ๋ค๊ณ ํ์ด.
Since my friend asked if I was okay now, I said I rested well over the weekend and I'm fine.
์๋น ์ฃผ์ธ์ด ์์์ด ๋๋ฌด ๋งต์ง ์์ผ๋๊ธธ๋ ์ ์ ์ ๋ชป ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ๋ค๊ณ ํ์ฃ .
Since the restaurant owner asked if the food wasn't too spicy, I said I could hardly handle it.
๋์์ด ์ ์ฌ์ผ๋ก ๊ตญ์๊ฐ ์ข์ผ๋๊ธธ๋ ๊ทธ๋ ๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ค.
Since my sibling asked if noodles were good for lunch, I said yes.
-์ผ๋๋
asking whether... (embedded question modifying a noun, batchim stem) (-์ผ๋๋)
Master
Used to quote a question while modifying the following noun with it, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
๊ธฐ์์ฌ์ ๋ฐฉ์ด ๋์ผ๋๋ ๋ฌผ์์ ์ ๋นํ๋ค๋ ๋ต๋ณ์ด ๋์์๋ค.
In answer to the question of whether the dorm room was spacious, the reply was that it was adequate.
๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์๊ฐ์ด ๋ง์ผ๋๋ ์์ฌ์ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ๋๋ ๋นํน๊ฐ์ ๋๊ผ๋ค.
I felt embarrassed by my boss's question of whether I had that much free time.
๊ทธ๋ ์ฐํด๊ฐ ๋์ด์ ์ข์ผ๋๋ ๋๋ฃ์ ๋ฌผ์์ ๋น์ฐํ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณธ๋ค๋ ํ์ ์ ์ง์๋ค.
At his coworker's question of whether he was happy about the holiday, he made a face like it was obvious.
-์ผ๋๋๊ตฌ๋
(I see) they're asking whether... (relaying a question with surprise, batchim stem) (-์ผ๋๋๊ตฌ๋)
Master
Used, very casually, to relay another person's question to the listener with a tone of realization, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
์น๊ท๊ฐ ๋ ์ค ์ด๋ค ์์ด ์ข์ผ๋๋๊ตฌ๋.
Oh, Seunggyu is asking which of the two colors is better.
์๋ฒ๋์ด ๋๋ ๋ง๋ด ์ค ๋๊ฐ ๋ ํค๊ฐ ์์ผ๋๋๊ตฌ๋.
Oh, Father is asking who's shorter between you and the youngest.
๋ํฌ ์ด๋จธ๋๊ฐ ์ธ์ ๊ฐ ๋ฐฑํ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ง์ผ๋๋๊ตฌ๋.
Oh, your mother is asking when the department store is most crowded.
-์ผ๋๋๊ตฐ
(I see) they're asking whether... (relaying a question, batchim stem) (-์ผ๋๋๊ตฐ)
Master
Used, very casually, to relay another person's question to the listener, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๊ฐ ์ผ๊ตฌ์ฅ์ ๊ฐ๋ฉด ์ฌ๋์ด ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๋ง์ผ๋๋๊ตฐ.
Yumin is asking whether the baseball stadium gets that crowded.
์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ด ์๋ก ์ด์ฌํ ์ํํธ๋ ์ผ๋ง๋ ๋์ผ๋๋๊ตฐ.
My friends are asking how spacious the apartment I moved into is.
๋ค๋ค ์ด๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ์ผ์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ณ์ผ๋๋๊ตฐ.
Everyone is asking whether it's right to handle things this way.
-์ผ๋๋๋ฐ
they're asking whether..., and (relaying a question, continuing) (-์ผ๋๋๋ฐ)
Master
Used to relay a heard question while continuing with the speaker's own thought or another question, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์๋ก ์ฐ ์ท์ด ๊ด์ฐฎ์ผ๋๋๋ฐ ์๊น์ด ๋๋ฌด ์ด๋ก๋๋ผ๊ณ .
My friend is asking if the new clothes are okay, but the color is too dark.
์ ์์ด ์ท์ด ์์ผ๋๋๋ฐ ๋๋ฌด ๊ฝ ๋ผ์ด ์
์ ์๊ฐ ์๋ค๊ณ ํ์ด.
The clerk asked if the clothes were small, and I said they were too tight to wear.
๋ค๋ค ๊ทธ ์์
์ด ๊ด์ฐฎ์ผ๋๋๋ฐ ๋ด ์๊ฐ์๋ ๋ณ๋ก์ธ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค.
Everyone is asking if that class is good, but I don't think it's that great.
-์ผ๋๋๋ฐ๋
even though (someone) is asking whether... (batchim stem) (-์ผ๋๋๋ฐ๋)
Master
Used to relay a heard question, followed by content that contradicts what would be expected, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
์ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ์์ด ์ ์ผ๋๋๋ฐ๋ ์ ๋๋ต์ด ์์ด?
Even though I'm asking why the portion is so small, why isn't there an answer?
๋ค๊ฐ ํ ํ๋์ด ์ณ์ผ๋๋๋ฐ๋ ์ ์๋ฌด ๋ง์ด ์๋?
Even though I'm asking whether what you did was right, why are you saying nothing?
๋ด๊ฐ ์น๊ทํํ
๋ฉ์ผ์ ๋ณด๋ด์ ์ธ์ ์๊ฐ์ด ๊ด์ฐฎ์ผ๋๋๋ฐ๋ ๋ต์ฅ์ ์ ํด.
Even though I emailed Seunggyu asking when he's free, he doesn't reply.
-์ผ๋๋๋ฐ์
they're asking whether..., you know (relaying a question, casual polite) (-์ผ๋๋๋ฐ์)
Master
Used, in a casual polite tone, to relay a heard question, indirectly implying something further, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
๊น ์จ๊ฐ ์๋ก ์ด์ฌํ ์ง์ ๊ฒฝ์น๊ฐ ์ข์ผ๋๋๋ฐ์.
Mr. Kim is asking if the view from the new house is nice.
์ง์๊ฐ ์ ๊ฐ ์ฌํ ๊ฐ์๋ ์ ์ฃผ๋๊ฐ ๋ง์ด ์ข์ผ๋๋๋ฐ์.
Jisu is asking if Jeju Island, where I traveled, was really nice.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋ช
์ ๊ท๊ฒฝ๊ธธ ๊ณ ์ ๋๋ก์ ์ผ๋ง๋ ์ฐจ๊ฐ ๋ง์ผ๋๋๋ฐ์.
My friend is asking how much traffic there is on the highway during the holiday return trip.
-์ผ๋๋
asking whether...! (reacting with feeling to a question, batchim stem) (-์ผ๋๋)
Master
Used to quote a question heard from the listener or someone else while expressing the speaker's own feeling about it, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
์ง์ด ์ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ๋ง์ผ๋๋ ์ด์ฟ์ง์ด ์ด ์ ๋๋ฉด ์ ์ง ์์๊ฐ?
You ask why there's so much luggage โ for a move, isn't this actually not that much?
๋ญ๊ฐ ๋ ์ข์ผ๋๋ ๋ด๊ฒ ์ ํ์ ์ฌ์ง๊ฐ ์๋๊ฑธ.
You ask which is better โ I don't really have a choice.
์ง์์ผ์ ๋๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ซ์ผ๋๋ ๋น์ฐํ ํด์ผ ํ ์ผ์ ํ๋๋ฐ ์ซ์ ๊ฒ ๋ญ๊ฐ ์๊ฒ ์ด?
You ask if I dislike helping with housework โ it's just something I should naturally do, so why would I dislike it?
-์ผ๋๋๊น
when I asked whether..., (a reaction followed after quoting a question, batchim stem) (-์ผ๋๋๊น)
Master
Used to quote a previously asked question and continue with the reaction or answer that followed, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
๊ธธ์์ ๋์ด์ง ์ ๋ฏผ์ด์๊ฒ ๊ด์ฐฎ์ผ๋๋๊น ์๋ฌด๋ ์ง๋ ์์ ๋ฏ ๊ธ๋ฐฉ ์ผ์ด๋๋๋ผ.
When I asked Yumin, who fell on the street, if she was okay, she got right up as if nothing happened.
๋ฐฉ์ด ์ข์ผ๋๋๊น ์ง์ฃผ์ธ์ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์ผ๋ฉฐ ๋๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ค.
When I asked if the room was small, the landlord shook his head and said it was spacious.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด์๊ฒ ์ฑ
์ด ์ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ๋ง์ผ๋๋๊น ๋๊พธ๋ ์์ด ์ฑ
ํ ๊ถ์ ๋ด๋ฐ์๋ค.
When I asked Minjun why he had so many books, he silently held one out without a word.
-์ผ๋๋๊น๋
I'm asking whether..., aren't I? (emphasizing an unanswered question, batchim stem) (-์ผ๋๋๊น๋)
Master
Used casually to emphasize a question again when the listener doesn't answer, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
๋ด๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๊ท์ฐฎ์ผ๋๋๊น๋?
I'm asking, am I really that annoying?
๋ญ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๊ธฐ๋ถ์ด ์ข์ผ๋๋๊น๋?
I'm asking, what's got you in such a good mood?
๋๋ ๋๋ ์นํ๊ฒ ์ง๋ด๊ณ ์ถ์๋ฐ ๋๋ ๋์ฒด ์ ๋ด๊ฐ ์ซ์ผ๋๋๊น๋?
I want to be close with you, so I'm asking, why exactly do you dislike me?
-์ผ๋๋๊น์
I'm asking whether..., aren't I? (casual polite, pressing for an answer, batchim stem) (-์ผ๋๋๊น์)
Master
Used, in a casual polite tone, to press for an answer again when the listener seems unresponsive or doubtful, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
๋์ ์ด๋ค ์ ์ด ์ซ์ผ๋๋๊น์?
I'm asking, what exactly about me do you dislike?
๋ชป ๋ค์์ด์? ๋ฌธ ์ด์ด๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์ผ๋๋๊น์?
Didn't you hear me? I'm asking if it's okay to open the door.
๋์ฒด ๋ด ์ผ์ ์ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๊ด์ฌ์ด ๋ง์ผ๋๋๊น์?
I'm asking, why exactly are you so interested in my business?
-์ผ๋๋๊น
I'm asking whether..., aren't I? (casual, pressing for an answer, batchim stem) (-์ผ๋๋๊น)
Master
Used casually to press for an answer again when the listener doesn't respond to a question, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
์ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๊ธฐ๋ถ์ด ์ข์ผ๋๋๊น?
I'm asking, why are you in such a good mood?
๊ทธ ๋จ์๊ฐ ํค๊ฐ ์ผ๋ง๋ ์์ผ๋๋๊น?
I'm asking, how short is that guy exactly?
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋๊น ์๋ก ์ด์ฌ ๊ฐ ์ง์ด ์ผ๋ง๋ ์ข์ผ๋๋๊น?
So I'm asking, how small is the new place you moved into?
-์ผ๋๋์
what do you mean, asking whether...? (surprised reaction, batchim stem) (-์ผ๋๋์)
Master
Used, in a casual polite tone, to express surprise or push back after hearing an unexpected question, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
๊ฑ์ ๋น๋ฐ์ ์๊ณ ์ถ์ผ๋๋์?
What do you mean, do I want to know their secret?
๋ฐฅ์ ์์ด ๋ง์ผ๋๋์? ์ด ์ ๋๋ฉด ์ ๋นํ์ง ์๋์?
What do you mean, is the portion too much? Isn't this about right?
๊ธฐ๋ถ์ด ์ข์ผ๋๋์? ํ ์ผ์ด ๋๋ฌด ๋ง์์ ํผ๊ณคํด์.
What do you mean, am I in a good mood? I'm tired because I have too much to do.
-์ผ๋๋๊ตฐ
(I heard) they asked whether... (relaying a question heard before, plain low) (-์ผ๋๋๊ตฐ)
Master
Used casually to relay a question the speaker newly learned about from hearing it, after a consonant-final adjective stem.
๋ถ์ฅ๋๊ป์ ์์ฆ ํ ์ผ์ด ๋ง์ผ๋๋๊ตฐ.
I heard the department head was asking if there's a lot of work these days.
์ด๋จธ๋๊ป์ ๋๋ฌ ๋ณธ ๋ฐฉ๋ค์ด ๋ค ์์ผ๋๋๊ตฐ.
I heard Mother was asking if all the rooms she looked at were small.
ํ์ด ๋ํํ
์๋ก ์ฐ ์ฐจ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข์ผ๋๋๊ตฐ.
I heard my brother asking me if the new car was really that good.
-์ผ๋๋๊ตฐ์
Conveying a heard question (-์ผ๋๋๊ตฐ์)
Master
Attached to a consonant-stem adjective to convey a question the speaker just heard, in an informal-polite register.
๋ฌด์จ ์ผ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๋ง์ผ๋๋๊ตฐ์.
They said there's apparently so much going on.
์ด๋จธ๋๊ป์ ์ด์ฌํ ์ง ์ ์์ด ๋์ผ๋๋๊ตฐ์.
My mother asked if the garden of the house we're moving to is spacious.
์์์ด ๋๋ฌด ์ ์ง ์์ผ๋๋๊ตฐ์.
They asked if the food wasn't too little.
-์ผ๋๋๋
Mentioning an earlier question, then continuing (-์ผ๋๋๋)
Master
Attached to a consonant-stem adjective to mention a question asked earlier and continue talking about a related situation.
๊ฐ๊ธฐ์ ๊ฑธ๋ ค ์ฝ๋ก๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์น๊ท๊ฐ ๊ด์ฐฎ์ผ๋๋๋ ๋ฐ๋ปํ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์๋ค.
When I coughed from a cold, Seunggyu asked if I was okay and gave me warm tea.
๋จํธ์ด ์ด์ ๋ ๊ตญ์ด ๋๋ฌด ์ง์ง ์์ผ๋๋๋ ์ค๋์ ๋๋ฌด ์ฑ๊ฒ๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ค.
My husband asked yesterday if the soup wasn't too salty, and today says it's too bland.
์ ๊ฐ๋ฝ์ ๋ค๊ณ ๋จธ๋ญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์น๊ตฌ๋ ๋ฐ์ฐฌ์ด ์ ์ผ๋๋๋ ์ผ์ด๋ ๋ฐ์ฐฌ์ ๋ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ฌ ๊ฐ๋ค.
When I hesitated holding my chopsticks, my friend asked if there wasn't enough side dish and got up to get more.
-์ผ๋๋๋ผ๊ณ
Recalling a question you heard in person (-์ผ๋๋๋ผ๊ณ )
Master
Attached to a consonant-stem adjective, in an informal-casual register, to recall a question the speaker directly heard someone ask.
์ง์๊ฐ ๋๋ณด๊ณ ๋์ด ์ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๋์ผ๋๋๋ผ๊ณ .
Jisu asked me why my standards are so high.
์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ด ๋๋ณด๊ณ ๋จ์ ์ผ์ ์ ๊ด์ฌ์ด ๋ง์ผ๋๋๋ผ๊ณ .
My friends asked me why I'm so interested in other people's business.
๊ธธ์ ๊ฐ๋ค ๋์ด์ก๋๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๋ค๋ค ๋ฌ๋ ค์์ ๊ด์ฐฎ์ผ๋๋๋ผ๊ณ .
I fell while walking, and everyone ran over asking if I was okay.
-์ผ๋๋๋ฐ
Mentioning someone's question, relating it to what follows (-์ผ๋๋๋ฐ)
Master
Attached to a consonant-stem adjective to mention a question received from someone and relate it to the content that follows.
๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ต์๋๊ป์ ์ด ์์
์๊ฐ ์ ์ฒญ ์ธ์์ด ์ ์ผ๋๋๋ฐ ๋ช ๋ช
์ฏค ์ ์ฒญํ์ด?
Another professor asked if the enrollment for this class was low โ about how many signed up?
์ ์๋๊ป์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์ข ๊ด์ฐฎ์ผ๋๋๋ฐ ์ด์ ๋ค ๋์์ด?
The teacher asked how your health was โ are you all better now?
์ง์๊ฐ ๋ด์ ๊ฝ ์ ๋ฌผ๋ฐ๋ ๊ฑฐ ์ข์ผ๋๋๋ฐ ์ด๋ค ๊ฝ์ด ์ข์?
Jisu asked if you'd like receiving flowers as a gift in spring โ which flowers do you like?
-์ผ๋๋๋ฐ์
Indirectly conveying a question, trailing off (-์ผ๋๋๋ฐ์)
Master
Attached to a consonant-stem adjective, in an informal-polite register, to indirectly convey a question heard earlier by leaving the sentence unfinished.
์น๊ท ์จ๊ฐ ์ง์ ์จ ํค๊ฐ ์ผ๋ง๋ ์์ผ๋๋๋ฐ์.
Seunggyu asked how short Jisu is...
์ด๋ฒ์ ์๋ก ์ง์ ์ํํธ๋ ๋ด๋ถ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ด ๋์ผ๋๋๋ฐ์.
Someone asked if the newly built apartment has a spacious interior...
์๊น ๋ณธ์ฌ์์ ์ ํํ๋๋ ๊ธฐ๋
ํ ์๋์ด ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ๋ง์ผ๋๋๋ฐ์.
Head office called earlier asking if there are a lot of souvenirs here...
-์ผ๋๋ฐ
Relaying someone else's question, very informal (-์ผ๋๋ฐ)
Master
Attached to a consonant-stem adjective, in a very formal/highly addressee-lowering register, to convey a question asked by another person to the listener.
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋ค๊ฐ ๊ฐ ์ฌํ์ด ์ข์ผ๋๋ฐ.
My friend asked whether the trip you went on was good.
๊น ์จ๊ฐ ๋ด๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ ธ๊ฐ ์ง์ด ์ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ์ ์ผ๋๋ฐ.
Mr. Kim asked why the luggage I brought was so little.
์ง์๊ฐ ๋๋ณด๊ณ ์ถ์ ์ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ง์ผ๋๋ฐ.
Jisu asked me whether there were a lot of people at the festival.
-์ผ๋๋
Confirming someone else's question, very informal (-์ผ๋๋)
Master
Attached to a consonant-stem adjective, in a very formal/highly addressee-lowering register, to confirm to the listener the content of a question asked by another person.
๊ฑ๊ฐ ๋ํํ
๋ฒ๊ฝ ๋์ด๊ฐ ์ข์ผ๋๋?
Did they ask you whether the cherry blossom outing was fun?
์น๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋๋ณด๊ณ ๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ ๋ง์ผ๋๋?
Did your friend ask you whether you had a lot of homework?
์น๊ท๊ฐ ๋์๊ฒ ๋์ด ๋ง์ผ๋๋?
Did Seunggyu ask you whether you had a lot of money?
-์ผ๋๋ฉฐ
Asking while doing something at the same time (-์ผ๋๋ฉฐ)
Master
Attached to a consonant-stem adjective to indicate that someone asked a question while doing a certain action at the same time.
์๋ฒ์ง๊ป์ ๋ชธ์ ์ด์ ๊ด์ฐฎ์ผ๋๋ฉฐ ์ฝ์ ๊ผญ ์ฑ๊ฒจ ๋จน์ผ๋ผ๊ณ ํ์
จ๋ค.
My father asked if I was feeling better now and told me to be sure to take my medicine.
๊ณต๋ถํ๊ณ ์๋ ๋ด๊ฒ ์ด๋จธ๋๊ป์ ์์ ๊ฐ ๋ง์ผ๋๋ฉฐ ๊ณผ์ผ์ ์ฃผ์
จ๋ค.
While I was studying, my mother asked if I had a lot of homework and gave me some fruit.
์ง์๊ฐ ์๋ก ์ฐ ์ฝํธ์ ์์ด ๋๋ฌด ์ง์ผ๋๋ฉฐ ์ท์ฅ์์ ๊บผ๋ด ๋ณด์ฌ ์ฃผ์๋ค.
Jisu asked if the color of the coat she bought was too dark, and took it out of the closet to show me.
-์ผ๋๋ฉด
Assuming a question was asked, then continuing (-์ผ๋๋ฉด)
Master
Attached to a consonant-stem adjective to assume the preceding statement was heard as a question, and continue the sentence.
๋๋๋ฌ ์ ์ด๋ฆฌ ์์ฌ์ด ๋ง์ผ๋๋ฉด ๋๋ ํ ๋ง์ด ์๋ค.
If someone asks me why I'm so greedy, I have nothing to say either.
์์ด์๊ฒ ์๋ง๊ฐ ์ข์ผ๋ ์๋น ๊ฐ ์ข์ผ๋๋ฉด ๋นํฉํ๋ค.
If you ask a child whether they like mom or dad better, they get flustered.
๊ธ์ด ์ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ์งง์ผ๋๋ฉด ํด๋ํฐ์ผ๋ก ์ธ ์ ์๋ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ ํ์ ๋์ด ์์ด์๋ผ๊ณ ๋๋ตํ ์๋ฐ์ ์๋ค.
If asked why the writing is so short, I have no choice but to answer that the length you can type on a phone is limited.
-์ผ๋๋ฉด์
Asking while doing something, emphatic (-์ผ๋๋ฉด์)
Master
Attached to a consonant-stem adjective to indicate that someone asked a certain question while doing a certain act at the same time.
์กฐ์นด๊ฐ ํด์์์ฅ์ ๋ฌผ์ด ๊น์ผ๋๋ฉด์ ์์๋ณต์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์์
์๋ค.
My nephew asked if the water at the beach was deep and changed into his swimsuit.
์ด๋ฆฐ ๋์์ด ์๋น ์ ์๋ง ์ค ๋๊ฐ ์ข์ผ๋๋ฉด์ ํ ๋ช
๋ง ์ ํํ๋ผ๊ณ ํ๋ค.
My little sibling asked who I liked better, dad or mom, and told me to pick just one.
๊น ์จ๋ ๊ทธ๋์ ์์งํ ์ฐํ๊ฐ ๋ง์ผ๋๋ฉด์ ๋ณด์ฌ ๋ฌ๋ผ๊ณ ํ๋ค.
Mr. Kim asked if I had collected a lot of stamps and asked me to show them.
-์ผ๋์ง๋ง
Admitting a question but disagreeing (-์ผ๋์ง๋ง)
Master
Attached to a consonant-stem adjective to indicate that the speaker admits a preceding question or objection, but the following content is unrelated to or contrary to it.
์น๊ตฌ๋ค์ ํผ์ ์ฌ๋ ์ง์ด ๋ฌด์ ํ๋ฌ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ๋์ผ๋์ง๋ง ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ์ด์๋ ์ข์ ์ง์ ๋ต๋ตํด์ ์ซ๋ค.
My friends ask why a place for living alone needs to be this big, but even living alone, I hate a cramped house.
์๋น ๋ ๋์๊ฒ ๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์ข์ผ๋์ง๋ง ์ฌ์ค์ ๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋๋ฅผ ๋ ์ข์ํ๋ค.
My dad asks me if I like that person that much, but actually that person likes me more.
๋ค๋ค ๋จํ์๋ค ์์์ ์ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์์ค์ผ๋์ง๋ง ๋๋ ๋จํ์๋ค์ ๋ํ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋ ต๋ค.
Everyone asks why I'm so shy in front of the boys, but I find it hard to deal with them.
-(์ผ)๋ง๊ณ
Relaying a promise (-(์ผ)๋ง๊ณ )
Master
An expression used to convey the content of a promise made to another person.
๋๋ ์น๊ท์๊ฒ ์ธ์ ๊ฐ ๊ผญ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ง๊ณ ํ์ง๋ง ์น๊ท๋ ๊ทธ๋ด ํ์ ์๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ค.
I told Seunggyu I would surely repay his kindness someday, but he said there was no need.
๋ด๊ฐ ์ฌ๊ธฐ๊น์ง๋ ์ฐธ์ผ๋ง๊ณ ํ์ง๋ง ๋ ์ด์์ ๋ชป ์ฐธ๊ฒ ๋ค.
I said I would endure it up to this point, but I can't take it anymore.
์ ๋ฌผ๋ก ๋ฐ์ ์ฑ
์ด๋ผ ์ฝ์ผ๋ง๊ณ ์ฝ์ํ์ง๋ง ์ง๋ฃจํด์ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ํ๋ค๊ตฌ๋.
Since it was a book I got as a gift, I promised to read it, but it's so boring it's hard to read.
-(์ผ)๋ จ๋ค
Stating one's own resolve (-(์ผ)๋ จ๋ค)
Master
An expression used to indicate the speaker's will or resolve to do something.
๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ ์ง๊ธด ๋ถ์๋ ๋ด๊ฐ ๋จน์ผ๋ จ๋ค.
I'll be the one to eat the tough part of the meat.
๋ด์๋ ๋ง๋น์ ์์ถ๋ฉฐ ๊นป์์ ์ข ์ฌ์ผ๋ จ๋ค.
In spring, I'm going to plant some lettuce and perilla leaves in the yard.
๋ค์ ๋ฌ๋ถํฐ๋ ์ํ์ ์ ๊ธ์ ๋ฃ์ผ๋ จ๋ค.
Starting next month, I'm going to put money into a savings account.
-(์ผ)๋ ต๋๊น
Do you intend to...? (formal) (-(์ผ)๋ ต๋๊น)
Master
A very formal expression used to ask whether the listener has the intention or wish to do the act mentioned in the preceding statement.
์ ๋์ ๋ชจ์ผ๋ ต๋๊น?
Why do you intend to save money?
์ธ์ ๊น์ง ์ด ์ผ์ ์ฐธ์ผ๋ ต๋๊น?
Until when do you intend to endure this?
๋ญ ์๋ชปํ๋ค๊ณ ์๊พธ ์จ์ผ๋ ต๋๊น?
What did you do wrong that you keep intending to hide?
-๋์ง์
Recalling a vague past doubt, politely (-๋์ง์)
Master
An expression used, in an informal-polite register, to indicate a vague suspicion, guess, or assumption while recalling a past incident.
๋ด์ผ ๋ ๋๋ ๊ฒ ์๋์๋์ง์?
Wasn't it that we were leaving tomorrow?
๋์ฐฝํ์ ์น๊ท๊ฐ ์์๋์ง์?
Did Seunggyu come to the reunion, I wonder?
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ค์ ๋ง๋ ์ ์๊ฒ ๋์ง์?
I wonder if we'll be able to meet that person again?
-๋๊ฑธ์
Saying a newly-learned fact with admiration (-๋๊ฑธ์)
Master
An expression used, in an informal-polite register, when the speaker says a newly learned fact with admiration or surprise.
๊ทธ ๋ถ์ ๋ฃ๋ ๋๋ก ๋ฏธ์ธ์ด์๋๊ฑธ์.
She was really beautiful, just as I'd heard.
์ด๋ฒ์ ์๋ก ๋ง๋ ๊ณต์์ ์์ฒญ๋๊ฒ ๋๋๊ฑธ์.
The newly built park this time was incredibly spacious.
๊ทธ์ ๊ฐ์ฐ์ ๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ๋์ ๋น ์ ธ๋ค๊ฒ ๋ง๋ค๋๊ฑธ์.
His lecture really drew everyone in.
-(์ผ)๋ด๋ง๋
Admitting something, but it doesn't matter (-(์ผ)๋ด๋ง๋)
Master
A literary expression used to indicate that although the speaker accepts the preceding statement, it does not affect what follows.
์ด๋ฒ ํ์ฌ์ ๊ด๋๊ฐ์ด ๋ช ๋ช
์ธ์ง ์ง๊ธ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์๋ด๋ง๋ ๋์ถฉ์ด๋ผ๋ ์ธ์ ์๋ ค ์ฃผ์.
There's no way to know right now how many visitors this event has, but let's at least count roughly and let them know.
์ด ์ผ์ ๋ํ ์ฑ
์์ด ์ด์ฐ ๋๋ง์ ๋ชซ์ด๋ด๋ง๋ ์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๋ด๊ฐ ํผ์ ์ฑ
์์ง๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๋ซ๋ค.
The responsibility for this isn't only mine, but it's better if I just take it on alone.
์ค์ํ์ง ์๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด๋ ์์ผ๋ด๋ง๋ ๋๋ ์ด๋ฒ์ ์ ๋ง ํฐ ์ค์๋ฅผ ํ๋ค.
There's no one who doesn't make mistakes, but I made a really big mistake this time.
-(์ด)๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋ค
Rather than saying it's... (-(์ด)๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋ค)
Master
Attached to a noun/copula to indicate that the following statement is more appropriate than calling it the preceding thing.
์ด๊ฑด ์ง๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋ค ๋ถํ์ธ๋ฐ์, ์ด ์ฑ
์ ๋ํ ์๊ฒฌ์ ๋ง์ํด ์ฃผ์ค ์ ์์ผ์ธ์?
This is more of a favor than a question โ could you tell me your opinion of this book?
์ด๊ฑด ์ฌ๋ฏธ์๋ ์์ค์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋ค ๊ฐ๋์ ์ธ ์์ค์ด๋ค.
This is more of a moving novel than a fun one.
์น๊ท์ ์ฌ๋ฌด์ค์ ์ฌ๋ฌด์ค์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋ค ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํด์ผ ํ ์ ๋๋ก ์ฑ
๋ค์ด ๋ง์๋ค.
Seunggyu's office had so many books it should be called a research lab rather than an office.
-(์ผ)์ผ
Friendly command (moderately honorific) (-(์ผ)์ผ)
Master
A formal, moderately addressee-raising expression used to give an order in a friendly, familiar way.
๋นจ๋ฆฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋จน์ผ์ผ.
Eat up quickly.
์ ์๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์์ผ์ผ.
Wait just a moment.
๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์จ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ ๋์ผ์ผ.
Set the things you brought down here for a moment.
-(์ด)๋ผ๊ณ ๋
Nothing but... (emphatic mention) (-(์ด)๋ผ๊ณ ๋)
Master
Attached to a noun (with ์ด after a batchim) to emphatically mention something, usually followed by a negative or limiting statement.
์ง์๋ ์๋ ์น์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ํด์ ์น๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ ๋ ๊ฐ ๋ณธ ์ ๋ ์๋ค.
Jisu takes such good care of her teeth that she's never even been to a dentist.
์ง์ ๋จน์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ ๋ผ๋ฉด๋ฐ์ ์์๋ค.
There was nothing to eat at home but instant noodles.
์ฌํด ๋ค์ด ์ฝ์ ์ฑ
์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ ๋ฑ ํ ๊ถ๋ฟ์ด๋ค.
The only book I've read this year is just one.
-(์ด)๋ผ๊ณค
Contracted form of -(์ด)๋ผ๊ณ ๋ (-(์ด)๋ผ๊ณค)
Master
A contracted, more casual variant of -(์ด)๋ผ๊ณ ๋ โ used the same way, to emphatically mention something.
์ฃผ๋ง์ ์ฌ์ ์น๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋๋ฉด์ ๋์ ๋ง์ด ์จ์ ๋จ์ ์ฉ๋์ด๋ผ๊ณค ๋ง ์๋ฟ์ด์ผ.
I spent so much money meeting my girlfriend this weekend that the only allowance I have left is ten thousand won.
์ค๋ ๋๋ฌด ๋ฐ๋น ์ ๋จน์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณค ์ปคํผ ํ ์์ด ๋ค์ผ.
I was so busy today that all I ate was a cup of coffee.
๋ฏผ์ค์, ๋๋ ์ด์ฉ ๊ณต๋ถํ๋ ๋ชจ์ต์ด๋ผ๊ณค ๋ณผ ์๊ฐ ์๋?
Minjun, why can't I ever see you studying?
-๋๋๋ค
Recalling and relaying a heard fact, very informal (-๋๋๋ค)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-lowering expression used to think about and describe a fact the speaker knows from having heard it before.
๊ทธ ์ ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฐ ์๊ฐ์ ์ ํ ๋ชป ํ๋๋๋ค.
They say that kid never even thought of that.
๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฅ์ด ์ค์ ์ ์ด๊ณณ์ ์์ ์
๋ฌด๋ ์ ๋์ด ๊ฐ๊ณ ์๋์ง ํ์ธ์ ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋๋๋ค.
They say Mr. Park came here in the morning and checked whether work was going well.
์น๊ท๋ ๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ํ๋ค ์ค ๋ชฐ๋๋ค๊ณ ํ๋๋๋ค.
They say Seunggyu didn't know that would be so hard.
-๋๋๋๊น
Asking about someone's own recalled experience, very formal (-๋๋๋๊น)
Master
A very formal, highly addressee-raising expression used to ask about a certain experience someone had directly.
์ด๋ฒ ์ ์ํ๋ ์ข์๋๋๋๊น?
Was this exhibition good, as you experienced it?
์๋ก ์์ํ ์ผ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๋๋๋๊น?
Does the newly started job seem like it'll go well, as you saw it?
์ง์๊ฐ ์ง๋์ฃผ์ ๋ง๋ ์ฌ๋์ ์ด๋ป๋๋๋๊น?
How was the person Jisu met last week, as you saw it?
-๋๋(์)
Relaying someone else's past experience (-๋๋(์))
Master
An expression used to convey the experience of another person that the speaker had heard of before โ the plain form is informal-casual, the -์ form is informal-polite.
์ง์๋ ๊ทธ๋์ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ์น๋ฅผ ์์ ์๊ฐ ์๊ฒ ๋๋.
Jisu said she'll never be able to forget that view.
์ ๋ฏผ์ด๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ ์ ๋ฆฌํ๋ ค๊ณ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋๋ฐ ์ด๋จธ๋๊ป์ ๋ฒ์จ ์ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํด ๋์ผ์
จ๋๋.
Yumin said she went in to clean her room, but her mom had already cleaned it.
์ง์๊ฐ ์ง๋ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ๊ฐ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ฐ๋ฝ์ ํด ๋ด๋ ์ฐ๋ฝ์ด ๋์ง ์๋๋์.
Jisu said no matter how much she tried to reach them this past week, she couldn't get through.
-๋๋
Recalling and modifying a following noun (-๋๋)
Master
An expression used to tell the listener a certain incident that the speaker knows from having heard it, while modifying the noun that follows.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๊ฐ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํฌ๊ฒ ๋ถ๋ฌ๋ ๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ชป ๋ฃ๋๋ ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ค์์ด.
I heard the story that no matter how loudly Minjun called, that person couldn't hear.
๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ ํ์ฐ ์ฌ๋ผ์ง๋๋ ๋ ๋ฌ์ด ์ง๋๋๋ก ์๋ฌด ์ฐ๋ฝ์ด ์๋๋ ๊ฒ์ด์ผ.
The thing is, that person suddenly disappeared and there's been no contact for two months.
๊ทธ์ ๋ง์ ๋ฐ์ด๋ ๊ฒ์ฒ๋ผ ๋ณด์๋ ๊ทธ ์์ด์ ์ง๋ฅ์ด ๋ค๋ฅธ ์์ด๋ค๊ณผ ๋ณ๋ฐ ๋ค๋ฅด์ง ์๋๋ ์๊ธฐ์๋ค.
What he said was that the child's intelligence, which had seemed outstanding, wasn't really that different from other children's.
-(์ผ)๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ
Conveying one's resolve (-๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ )
Master
An expression used to convey the content of one's intention or resolve.
๋๋ ๋ชธ์ด ์ ์ข์ผ์ ํ ๋จธ๋๋ฅผ ์์ฃผ ์ฐพ์๋ต๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ ๋ง์๋จน์๋ค.
I resolved to visit my grandmother, who isn't feeling well, often.
์ง์๋ ์๋ฅธ์ด ๋๊ธฐ ์ ๊น์ง ๋ฐ๋์ ๊ฟ์ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ ๋ค์งํ๋ค.
Jisu vowed to achieve her dream before turning thirty.
๋๋ ์ด๋ฒ์๋ ๊ผญ ๊ทธ ์ฑ
์ ๋ค ์ฝ์ผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ ๊ฒฐ์ฌํ๋ค.
I resolved that this time I would definitely finish reading that whole book.
-(์ผ)๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋
Conveying resolve while modifying a noun (-๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋)
Master
An expression used to convey the content of one's intention or resolve, while modifying the following noun.
์น๊ท๋ ๋ด์ผ์ ๊ผญ ์ผ์ฐ ์ผ์ด๋๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋ ๋ค์ง์ ํ๋ค.
Seunggyu made a resolution to definitely wake up early tomorrow.
๋๋ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์ํด์ ๋ด์ผ๋ถํฐ๋ ๊ผญ ์์นจ ์ด๋์ ํ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋ ๊ฒฐ์ฌ์ ํ๋ค.
For my health, I made a decision to definitely exercise every morning starting tomorrow.
๋ฏผ์ค์ด๋ ๋์ ์ต๊ด์ ๋ฐ๋์ ๊ณ ์ณ ๋จน์ผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋ ๊ฒฐ์ฌ์ ํ๋ค.
Minjun made a resolution to definitely fix his bad habit.
Practice for free in the app โ